scholarly journals Recent advancements in understanding the terroir effect on aromas in grapes and wines

OENO One ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornelis Van Leeuwen ◽  
Jean-Christophe Barbe ◽  
Philippe Darriet ◽  
Olivier Geffroy ◽  
Eric Gomès ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Nitrogen Supply ◽  
Wine Aroma ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Wine Quality ◽  
Organoleptic Characteristics ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Climate Influences ◽  
Temperature Radiation ◽  
Measurable Factors

Terroir is about the link between wine and its origin. It has long been understood by sensory evaluation that the taste of wine from a given variety can be related to its origins. Specific organoleptic characteristics of wine are influenced by environmental factors such as soil and climate. By deconstructing the effect of measurable soil and climate parameters on grape and wine aroma compounds, the terroir effect on wine typicity can be better understood. Climate influences on vine development and grape ripening are mainly associated with temperature, radiation and rainfall, while soil influences are primarily associated with water availability and nitrogen supply. Significant advances have been made over recent years in understanding wine aromas and their molecular basis and influences of climate and soil on a wide range of molecules responsible for wine aroma expression. This article aims to review these recent research advances to obtain a more comprehensive understanding of how terroir influences wine typicity. The effect of terroir on wine quality and typicity is sometimes considered intangible and difficult to explain on a scientific basis. By combining agronomic, analytical and sensory approaches, however, this review shows that the terroir effect is mediated by measurable factors that can easily be monitored in the vineyard. Assessment of the results compiled by this review allows the suggestion that terroir expression at specific sites might be maximized by choosing appropriate plant material in relation to soil and climate, by acting on manageable parameters like vine water and nitrogen status, or by implementing canopy management to modify microclimate in the bunch zone.

scholarly journals Health Benefits of Uses and Applications of Moringa oleifera in Bakery Products

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 318
Author(s):  
Paula García Milla ◽  
Rocío Peñalver ◽  
Gema Nieto
Keyword(s):  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Bakery Products ◽  
Unani Medicine ◽  
Functional Value ◽  
Organoleptic Characteristics ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
Excellent Source

Moringa oleifera belongs to the Moringaceae family and is the best known of the native Moringa oleifera genus. For centuries, it has been used as a system of Ayurvedic and Unani medicine and has a wide range of nutritional and bioactive compounds, including proteins, essential amino acids, carbohydrates, lipids, fibre, vitamins, minerals, phenolic compounds, phytosterols and others. These characteristics allow it to have pharmacological properties, including anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, anticarcinogenic, antioxidant, cardioprotective, antimicrobial and hepatoprotective properties. The entire Moringa oleifera plant is edible, including its flowers, however, it is not entirely safe, because of compounds that have been found mainly in the root and bark, so the leaf was identified as the safest. Moringa oleifera is recognised as an excellent source of phytochemicals, with potential applications in functional and medicinal food preparations due to its nutritional and medicinal properties; many authors have experimented with incorporating it mainly in biscuits, cakes, brownies, meats, juices and sandwiches. The results are fascinating, as the products increase their nutritional value; however, the concentrations cannot be high, as this affects the organoleptic characteristics of the supplemented products. The aim of this study is to review the application of Moringa oleifera in bakery products, which will allow the creation of new products that improve their nutritional and functional value.

scholarly journals High Potential of Pichia kluyveri and Other Pichia Species in Wine Technology

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 1196
Author(s):  
Javier Vicente ◽  
Fernando Calderón ◽  
Antonio Santos ◽  
Domingo Marquina ◽  
Santiago Benito
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Yield ◽  
Color Stability ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Wine Industry ◽  
Wine Aroma ◽  
Wine Quality ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Pichia Kluyveri ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Fermentative Yeast

The surfaces of grapes are covered by different yeast species that are important in the first stages of the fermentation process. In recent years, non-Saccharomyces yeasts such as Torulaspora delbrueckii, Lachancea thermotolerans, Metschnikowia pulcherrima, and Pichia kluyveri have become popular with regard to winemaking and improved wine quality. For that reason, several manufacturers started to offer commercially available strains of these non-Saccharomyces species. P. kluyveri stands out, mainly due to its contribution to wine aroma, glycerol, ethanol yield, and killer factor. The metabolism of the yeast allows it to increase volatile molecules such as esters and varietal thiols (aroma-active compounds), which increase the quality of specific varietal wines or neutral ones. It is considered a low- or non-fermentative yeast, so subsequent inoculation of a more fermentative yeast such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae is indispensable to achieve a proper fermented alcohol. The impact of P. kluyveri is not limited to the grape wine industry; it has also been successfully employed in beer, cider, durian, and tequila fermentation, among others, acting as a promising tool in those fermentation processes. Although no Pichia species other than P. kluyveri is available in the regular market, several recent scientific studies show interesting improvements in some wine quality parameters such as aroma, polysaccharides, acid management, and color stability. This could motivate yeast manufacturers to develop products based on those species in the near future.

THE NUTRIENT COMPOSITION OF HYBRID CORN AS INFLUENCED BY FERTILIZATION: II. THE PHOSPHORUS PERCENTAGE

1964 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. I. Findlay ◽  
J. M. Fulton
Keyword(s):  
Soil Type ◽  
Nitrogen Supply ◽  
Nutrient Composition ◽  
Hybrid Corn ◽  
Wide Range

Data are presented to show that leaf phosphorus percentages reflect the influence of nitrogen supply, soil type, and season as well as the phosphorus supply. Throughout a wide range of corn yields and associated phosphorus percentages no estimate of a critical phosphorus percentage was obtained.

scholarly journals Biological Activity of Bicyclic and Tricyclic Diterpenoids from Salvia Species of Immediate Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Interest

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1100600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Carmela Bonito ◽  
Carla Cicala ◽  
Maria Carla Marcotullio ◽  
Francesco Maione ◽  
Nicola Mascolo
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Real Value ◽  
Antimicrobic Activity ◽  
Cyclic Compounds

Diterpenoids are a class of compounds that derive from the condensation of four isoprene units that leads to a wide variety of complex chemical structures, including acyclic bi-, tri-and tetra-cyclic compounds; in Salvia species, only bi-, tri-and tetra-cyclic compounds have been found. This review covers a wide range of biological activities and mode of action of diterpenoids isolated from Salvia species that might raise some pharmacological and pharmaceutical interest. We have produced a synoptic table where the biological activities of the main active principles are summarized. Our analysis emphasizes that diterpenoids from Salvia species continue to be a plant defence system since their antimicrobic activity. Experimental studies show that most of diterpenoids considered have cytotoxic and / or antiproliferative activity. Some of them have also cardiovascular and central effects. In a less extended manner, diterpenoids from Salvia species show gastrointestinal, urinary, antinflammatory, antidiabetic, ipolipidemic and antiaggregating effects. In the last decade, several clinical trials have been developed in order to investigate the real value of Salvia extracts treatment; results obtained are promising and confer scientific basis in the use of medicinal plants from folk medicine.

Explosion Welding: Process Evolution and Parameters Optimization

2018 ◽  
Vol 941 ◽  
pp. 1558-1564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Girolamo Costanza ◽  
Maria Elisa Tata ◽  
Diego Cioccari
Keyword(s):  
Process Parameters ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Explosion Welding ◽  
Parameters Optimization ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Laminate Composites ◽  
Materials Properties ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Joint Properties ◽  
Wide Range

The development of explosion welding (EXW) technology underwent a stop as soon as it was introduced, however, in the recent years an increasing interest was found due to the wide range of materials which can be welded, similar and especially dissimilar ones. In addition to the high quality, such welded joints show a good compromise among the involved materials properties. Literature does not provide a comprehensive understanding of the whole mechanism and occurring phenomena but is mostly limited to analyse just some process parameters, like the investigations on joint properties that can be achieved if process takes place under vacuum or open air. In this work some key points are discussed to describe the evolution step of the process and the innovations introduced like the MIL (metallic-intermetallic laminate) composites for aerospace industry. Process parameters are analyzed to highlight the positive and negative aspects, the experiments in the laboratory will be described to confine the explosion to the joint and in particular to minimize the explosion energy and to improve the efficiency of the technique. At last some significant applications where this technique is widely used are showed.

VINEYARD NITROGEN SUPPLY AND SHIRAZ GRAPE AND WINE QUALITY

2000 ◽  
pp. 77-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.T. Treeby ◽  
B.P. Holzapfel ◽  
G.J. Pickering ◽  
C.J. Friedrich
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Supply ◽  
Wine Quality

scholarly journals Rotorcraft systems for urban air mobility: A reality check

2020 ◽  
Vol 125 (1283) ◽  
pp. 3-21
Author(s):  
A. Filippone ◽  
G.N. Barakos
Keyword(s):  
Electric Propulsion ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Urban Air ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
Technical Problems ◽  
Manufacturing Operations ◽  
Reality Check ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Media

ABSTRACT“Urban air vehicles” have been hailed as the next revolution in aviation. Prototypes of various sizes have been flown to demonstrate basic flight (hover and climb), but in most cases there is no demonstration of full flight capability, for example conversion from vertical to level flight (conversion corridor). There are proposals for vehicles in a wide range of scales: from drones specifically designed to deliver goods, to full size vehicles for manned transportation. Most of the concepts proposed include full electric propulsion, multiple (often convertible) rotors (ducted or un-ducted, counter-rotating), and widespread use of composite materials. Start-up companies are seeking funding with high-profile demonstrations in front of the media, but many unresolved technical problems are not been solved. Large aerospace companies have joined the fray. These initiatives are fuelling expectations that achieving the next milestone is within easy reach. This paper aims to fill some gaps in understanding and curb optimism. It takes a holistic view in order to establish a scientific basis for design, manufacturing, operations.

scholarly journals The Methanolic Extract fromMurraya koenigiiL. Inhibits Glutamate-Induced Pain and Involves ATP-Sensitive K+Channel as Antinociceptive Mechanism

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Nushrat Sharmin Ani ◽  
Sudip Chakraborty ◽  
Md. Moniruzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Potassium Channels ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
K Channel ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Glutamatergic System ◽  
Antinociceptive Effects ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Antinociceptive Mechanisms

Murraya koenigiiL. is a perennial shrub, belonging to the family Rutaceae. Traditionally, the leaves of this plant are extensively used in treatment of a wide range of diseases and disorders including pain and inflammation. Although researchers have revealed the antinociceptive effects of this plant’s leaves during past few years, the mechanisms underlying these effects are still unknown. Therefore, the present study evaluated some antinociceptive mechanisms of the methanolic extract ofM. koenigii(MEMK) leaves along with its antinociceptive potential using several animal models. The antinociceptive effects of MEMK were evaluated using formalin-induced licking and acetic acid-induced writhing tests at the doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg. In addition, we also justified the possible participations of glutamatergic system and ATP-sensitive potassium channels in the observed activities. Our results demonstrated that MEMK significantly (p<0.01) inhibited the pain thresholds induced by formalin and acetic acid in a dose-dependent manner. MEMK also significantly (p<0.01) suppressed glutamate-induced pain. Moreover, pretreatment with glibenclamide (an ATP-sensitive potassium channel blocker) at 10 mg/kg significantly (p<0.05) reversed the MEMK-mediated antinociception. These revealed that MEMK might have the potential to interact with glutamatergic system and the ATP-sensitive potassium channels to exhibit its antinociceptive activities. Therefore, our results strongly support the antinociceptive effects ofM. koenigiileaves and provide scientific basis of their analgesic uses in the traditional medicine.

The COVEN Project: Exploring Applicative, Technical, and Usage Dimensions of Collaborative Virtual Environments

1999 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Véronique Normand ◽  
Christian Babski ◽  
Steve Benford ◽  
Adrian Bullock ◽  
Stéphane Carion ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Virtual Environments ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Collaborative Virtual Environments ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Large Component ◽  
Collaborative Virtual Environment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Collaborative Interaction ◽  
Main Components

COVEN (Collaborative Virtual Environments) is a European project that seeks to develop a comprehensive approach to the issues in the development of collaborative virtual environment (CVE) technology. COVEN brings together twelve academic and industrial partners with a wide range of expertise in CSCW, networked VR, computer graphics, human factors, HCI, and telecommunications infrastructures. After two years of work, we are presenting the main features of our approach and results, our driving applications, the main components of our technical investigations, and our experimental activities. With different citizen and professional application scenarios as driving forces, COVEN is exploring the requirements and supporting techniques for collaborative interaction in scalable CVEs. Technical results are being integrated in an enriched networked VR platform based on the dVS and DIVE systems. Taking advantage of a dedicated Europe-wide ISDN and ATM network infrastructure, a large component of the project is a trial and experimentation activity that should allow a comprehensive understanding of the network requirements of these systems as well as their usability issues and human factors aspects.

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