scholarly journals Cave burial of Urd Ulaan Uneet (Mongolian Altai): рotential of cultural-chronological interpretation

2020 ◽  
pp. 38-51
Author(s):  
N.N. Seregin ◽  
S.S. Matrenin ◽  
T.-O. Iderkhangai
Keyword(s):  
Baikal Region ◽  
Funeral Rite ◽  
Western Mongolia ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Sayan Region ◽  
Chronological Period ◽  
The Great Migration ◽  
Compound Bow ◽  
Cattle Breeders ◽  
Important Site

The article considers the materials of the Urd Ulaan Uneet cave burial, investigated in 2015. This complex is located in the Tsagaanbulag Myangad Somon of Kobdo Aimak of Mongolia, at the altitude of 1327 m a.s.l. Pre-sented is the description of the circumstances of discovery of this important site, as well as the existing experi-ence of studying and publishing of the materials. The main objective of the study is the detailed analysis of the main categories of finds from the cave burial, the most informative of which include wooden saddle, iron bits with horn psalia, compound bow, arrowheads, leather quiver with iron hook, and wooden vessel. For the interpretation of these items, extensive archaeological sources of the Syanby-Rouran and medieval time, assembled during the excavations in various parts of the Central Asian region, were involved. Based on the results obtained, a number of conclusions have been made regarding the cultural and chronological interpretation of the site. It has been established that the Urd Ulaan Uneet complex is one of the rare objects of the Rouran time in Mongolia, and the only known cave burial of this chronological period. The monument can be confidently dated to the middle of the 4th –5th c. AD with the possible extension of the upper chronological boundary to the beginning of the 6th c. AD. This conclusion is generally supported by the results of radiocarbon analysis presented in the publications of Mongolian archaeologists. An indicative characteristic of the cave site, not revealed during the excavations of other objects of the Rouran period in Mongolia, is the accompanying burial of a horse. Obviously, this feature of the funeral rite is explained by contacts with the population of the Bulan-Koby Culture. The weighty argument in favor of the proposed possible interactions between the Altai cattle breeders and nomads of Western Mongolia in the Rouran period could be found among the investigated burials of the Bulan-Koby Culture in the Bayan-Ulgiy Aimag. The material complex found during the excavation of the Urd Ulaan Uneet cave burial reflects the very wide contacts of the population of Mongolia in various directions (Altai-Sayan Region, Trans-Baikal Region, Man-churia, East Turkestan, Central Asia) in the middle of the 1st mil. AD. In addition, the «western» relations are clearly distinguishable; these obviously demonstrate the complex migration processes of the Great Migration Period.

scholarly journals Mongolia in Rouran time: main aspects of the interpretation of archaeological materials

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (34) ◽  
pp. 36-49
Author(s):  
Nikolai N. Seregin ◽  
◽  
Sergey S. Matrenin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Funeral Rite ◽  
History Of Research ◽  
Sayan Region ◽  
Archaeological Materials ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Great Migration ◽  
Short Time ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Different Parts

The paper concerns the materials of Rouran time obtained during excavations in the territory of Mongolia. The authors present a review of the history of research and interpretation of the sites of the second half of the 4th – the first half of the 6th centuries located in different parts of the country. The characteristic of the accompanying inventory from the complexes of the Rouran time is concerned and the dating for each object is proposed. The authors establish that wide analogies to finds from the burials of Mongolia are found in the sites of the Altai-Sayan region and Transbaikalia, as well as in the Syanbi and Kogure complexes of East Asia. In addition, western connections are clearly distinguished, apparently demonstrating the processes of the Great Migration period. The funeral rite recorded during the study of objects of the Rouran time is characterized by a high degree of variability of indicators. In general, the available materials reflect the existence of a heterogeneous society, which included various groups of the population, for a short time united in the Rouran kaganate.

scholarly journals Iron Cones in the Burials of Ulus Jochi: Aspects of Ethnocultural Identification

2021 ◽  
pp. 149-168
Author(s):  
Igor Dremov ◽  
Evgeniy Kruglov
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Human Remains ◽  
Vertical Position ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Funeral Rite ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Funeral Rituals ◽  
Ethnocultural Group

Cone-shaped objects, rolled from iron and bronze sheets, are found in the Golden Horde burials of the late 13th – early 15th centuries. The authors collected information on more than 100 burials with iron and bronze cones located in the territory of Ulus Jochi. This article is examines material from 78 iron cone burials. Specific features of the topographic location of these complexes, use of stones in rituals, construction of log cabins around graves is similar to archaeological and ethnographic monuments of Central Asia associated with ethnic Mongols. As a rule, human remains buried in graves are oriented north or northeast with their heads, which is also a feature of the Mongol funeral rite. Accompaniment of the burial with whole or stuffed horses remains in the complexes with cones is not common, but these features are also known in Mongolian cemeteries in Central Asia. The placement of a sheep tibia at the head of the buried occasionally in vertical position is considered a main ethnic feature of the Mongol culture. In general, the sample of the Ulus Jochi burials, united by the iron cones presence in the burial inventory, is characterized by an increased concentration of rather specific ritual signs typical of the Mongols of Central Asia. This allows us to conclude that the considered monuments belong to the same ethnocultural group of population. Moreover, the available anthropological data testify to the Central Asian (Mongolian) origin of the representatives of this group of nomads of Ulus Jochi Burials with iron cones. The authors observe manifestations of pagan shamanic and Buddhist rituals judging by the dominant features of funeral rituals left by the bearers of Mongolian ethnic and cultural traditions.

The lichen family Teloschistaceae in the Altai-Sayan region (Central Asia)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 396 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAN VONDRÁK ◽  
IVAN FROLOV ◽  
EVGENY A. DAVYDOV ◽  
LIDIA YAKOVCHENKO ◽  
JIŘÍ MALÍČEK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Nevada ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Geographic Ranges ◽  
Climatic Regions ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Sayan Region ◽  
Alpine Habitats ◽  
Generic Composition ◽  
The Alps ◽  
Eurasian Species

Within the Altai-Sayan region, we identified 103 species of Teloschistaceae from 1193 field records supported by herbarium vouchers. The recorded species belong to the subfamilies Xanthorioideae (46 species in 14 genera) and Caloplacoideae (57 species in 17 genera); Teloschistoideae is absent. We divided the 194 surveyed localities into four categories: arid alpine, arid non-alpine, humid alpine, humid non-alpine. Each category has a specific lichen composition and a typical combination of traits. Humid non-alpine localities are mostly inhabited by broadly distributed boreal-montane species; humid alpine sites by arctic-alpine lichens; arid non-alpine habitats are preferred by xerophilous Eurasian species and arid alpine sites by xerophilous Central Asian species with (presumably) large geographic ranges in dry continental Asia. Some arid alpine species have a thick crustose thallus with a very thick medulla and cortex; this morphological trait is confined to the Central Asian group of lichens and is absent from other climatic regions, such as arctic, boreal or oceanic Eurasia. We compared species diversity in the Altai-Sayan region with the Alps. Both regions differ in species and generic composition and the richness is higher in the latter.                Taxonomy: Caloplaca fluviatilis is newly described. New combinations are Pachypeltis insularis, P. pachythallina, P. phoenicopta and Variospora sororicida. Two of Magnusson’s names are newly synonymized: Caloplaca infestans with Pachypeltis intrudens and Caloplaca kansuensis with C. bicolor. In addition to 22 known genera, we define, provisionally, 9 groups of species that may merit recognition as genera. Caloplaca epithallina is provisionally placed in Shackletonia, but we do not formally publish a new combination. Lichenicolous Pachypeltis phoenicopta and Variospora sororicida are less host-specific than originally thought.                Floristics: Caloplaca pratensis is new to Eurasia, Caloplaca helygeoides (= C. diphyodes auct.), C. monacensis and C. soralifera are new to Asia. 12 species are new to Russia, 9 new to Siberia, 9 new to China, 2 new to Kazakhstan, and 2 new to Xinjiang. Outside the studied region Pachypeltis phoenicopta is new to Europe (Spain, Sierra Nevada) and we report the first reliable record of Pachypeltis insularis from Greece (Mt Olympus). 

scholarly journals The migration of the Vandals and the Suebi to the Roman West and archaeological accounts

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 197-214
Author(s):  
Michel Kazanski
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Great Migration ◽  
Migration Period ◽  
Central European ◽  
Funeral Rite ◽  
The North ◽  
The Great Migration ◽  
Przeworsk Culture ◽  
The Moment

This article addresses a few archaeological finds from the earliest stage of the Great Migration Period (late fourth to the first half of the fifth century AD) in the territory of the Western Roman Empire related to Central Europe by origin, which could testify to the migration of the Vandals and the Suebi to the Roman West in 406 AD. These finds comprise different types of crossbow brooches discovered in the Roman provinces in Gallia, Spain, and North Africa, which parallels originate from the lands to the north of the Danube, in the zone where the Vandals and the Suebi lived by the moment of the migration to the West in 406 AD. Besides, some features of the funeral rite discovered in the early Great Migration Period in Eastern Gallia, particularly ritually destroyed weapons, meet with analogies in the cemeteries of Central European barbarians, particularly in the Przeworsk culture. These archaeological pieces of evidence were partially related to the arrival of the Vandals and the Suebi to the Roman Empire’s territory in 406 AD, and also reflected the presence of the Central European barbarians in the Roman military service.

scholarly journals A Different Kind of “Scripture”: Women’s Access to Religious Knowledge Without the Written Word

1970 ◽  
pp. 17-25
Author(s):  
Julia Droeber
Keyword(s):  
Altai Mountains ◽  
Religious Knowledge ◽  
Sacred Site ◽  
Best Friend ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
National Hero ◽  
Written Word ◽  
The Village ◽  
Important Site

Kyrgyzstan in 2004. My hostmother Nurgul and her best friend Ainura decided to show me an important site just outside the village. Together with my two hostsisters, nine and fourteen years old, we set off and twenty minutes later we arrived at an overgrown site: a field, the size of a football pitch, surrounded by what could havebeen the overgrown remainder of ruined walls. It was an awe-inspiring sight – the snowcapped Altai-mountains in the background, lush vegetation around us, an azure sky above, and not a sound to be heard. This was, my hostmother explained, the place where Manas, the Kyrgyz national hero, had built a fortress, and it was a sacred site. We circumambulated the site while listening to more stories about Kyrgyzstan’s hero of a thousand years ago. Then, just before we turned to walk home, my hostmother suggested to her friend to “read the Qur’an”. We squatted down in that typically Central Asian way and fell silent. Then Ainura cupped her hands in her lap and began to “read the Qur’an”. Only there was no Qur’an. And her recitation was in an Arabic I could not even remotely recognise. We finished our prayer with the “omeen”3 gesture and made our way home.

scholarly journals Tautarian type (genesis and chronology)

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 139-144
Author(s):  
Evgeniy Anatolievich Dmitriev
Keyword(s):  
Field Studies ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Funeral Rite ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Radiocarbon Chronology ◽  
Burial Grounds ◽  
Wide Time Interval

The processes of assimilation and integration between the Andronov community cultures, in spite of the long history of the study, is still of interest, connected with a whole range of problematic issues, one of which is the addition and chronological position of the Tautarin type known from the monuments of Southern Kazakhstan. At the present time, new materials have been accumulated during the field studies, which have made it possible to significantly expand the characterization of the type and question its traditional chronology as well as to consider the composition components and orientation of intercultural ties in more details. Within the framework of this paper we have the results of the statistical analysis of the funeral rite and description of the objective world on the materials of 5 burial grounds (Tautary, Kiikty, Sherbay 1-3), which reflect the interaction of three population groups: Fedorov (guiding), Kozhumberdynsky and Central Asian. Concerning the issue of dating, it is necessary to revise the previously proposed timeframes that do not correspond to the level of modern knowledge on the subject matter under study and adopt a cautious but wide time interval - the first half of the 2nd millennium BC, which is based on comparison with the modern radiocarbon chronology of Fedorov culture, antiquities of the Kozhumberdynsky and Kulsay types, as well as by analogies of the pendants in the dated complex of the Kyzylbulak I burial ground.

scholarly journals Morphological Patterns of the Early Mediaeval Population of the Eastern Aral Region (Based on the Materials of Altyn-Asar Burial Sites)

2020 ◽  
pp. 84-102
Author(s):  
Maria Mednikova ◽  
Anna Tarasova ◽  
Olga Chechyotkina
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Morphological Similarity ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Middle Asia ◽  
The Great Migration ◽  
Cattle Breeders

Introduction. Morphological studies of ancient peoples are associated with traditions of physical anthropology classifying data of similarity and differences of appearance of humans in the past. The use of standard measurement techniques contributed to the accumulation of a data array that allows drawing conclusions about the origin and environment of paleopopulations even with a small number and preservation of skeletal material. Archaeological sites of the Jetyasar culture were investigated in the 80s of the 21st century by the Khwarism Expedition of the USSR Academy of Sciences in the low basin of the Syr Darya river. The culture originated as a result of contacts of oasis agriculturists and steppe cattle-breeders in the northern part of the Great Silk Road. The majority of material is associated with the period from the first centuries AD till the 8th century, when local population left places due to increased aridity. According to archaeological data, during the 4 th – 7th centuries part of the inhabitants of the region had migrant origin and/or participated in the Great Migration to the west. The goal of the study is to evaluate the morphological diversity of the Jetyasar people during the mediaeval time. Methods and Materials. The skeletal series from Altyn-Asar 4a-t, Tompakasar, Kosasar burial sites totally represents remains of 600 individuals of different chronology. Comparative data from Southern Siberia, Middle Asia, North Caucasus and Central Europe helps to study the differentiation of the mediaeval population by basic parameters of the skeletal constitution reflected in the size and linear body proportions (method of canonic analysis). Results and Conclusions. The paper reveals some trends which might indicate genetic relations of some Jetyasar groups and their possible participation in migrations. Morphological similarity of groups from Kosasar-2 and Altyn-Asar 4v burial sites with inhabitants of Mongolia and Tuva of the Hun-Sarmatian time has been detected. The patterns of physical development of people from Altyn-Asar 4m necropolis confirm the hypothesis of archaeologists about their migrant origin. However, the majority of other early and later groups have morphological analogies among the earlier or synchronous population of Middle Asia (Altyn-Asar 4b, l, d, r, g, Tompakasar). Part of the population demonstrates peculiar morphological similarity with the Avars of Central Europe (Altyn-Asar 4k, t, o).

scholarly journals Stress-strain state of the earth’s crust of the Central Asian mountain belt: distant effect of the tectonic impact of the Indo-Eurasian collision

2021 ◽  
Vol 929 (1) ◽  
pp. 012003
Author(s):  
M M Buslov
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Sedimentary Basins ◽  
Tien Shan ◽  
Earth’S Crust ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Mountain Ranges ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Sayan Region ◽  
Earth's Crust ◽  
Cenozoic Sediments

Abstract In recent decades, extensive geological, geophysical and geochronological data have been obtained that characterize in detail the results of the distant tectonic impact of the Indo-Eurasian collision on the lithosphere of Central Asia, which led to the formation of the mountain systems of the Pamirs, Tien Shan, Altai-Sayan region and Transbaikalia from the Late Paleogene (about 25 million years ago). It has been established that the formation of the structure of Central Asia occurred as a result of the transmission of deformations from the Indo-Eurasian collision over long distances according to the “domino principle” through the rigid structures of Precambrian microcontinents located among the Paleozoic-Mesozoic folded belts. The study of peneplain surfaces deformed into simple folds on high-mountain plateaus surrounded by rugged mountain ranges made it possible to reveal the parameters of the deformations of the earth’s crust, the interrelationship of the formation of relief and sedimentary basins. Apatite track dating data, structural and stratigraphic analyses of Late Cenozoic sediments in the basins prove a period of intense tectonic activation the entire lithosphere of Central Asia from the Indian continent to the Siberian platform starting from the Pliocene (about 3.5 million years). As a result of reactivation of the heterogeneous basement of Central Asia, high seismicity was manifested, which is concentrated mainly along the border of the microcontinents (Central Tianshan, Junggar and Tuva-Mongolian) and the Siberian craton, as well as in the zones of articulation of regional faults.

scholarly journals ECOLOGY OF CHIROPTERA BATS IN ALTAI-SAYAN REGION OF SOUTHERN SIBERIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Zhigalin ◽  
A. A. Gadzhiev ◽  
M. G. Daudova ◽  
N. G. Salimkhanov ◽  
A. M. Shestopalov
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Jaccard Coefficient ◽  
Southern Siberia ◽  
Asian Species ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Sayan Region ◽  
First Time

Aim. The aim of this work is to summarize the available data on zoogeographic analysis and fauna of the bats of the Altai-Sayan region.Discussion. The chiropterofauna of the AltaiSayan highlands includes the representatives of 13 species. The obtained data on the distribution of bats in the region made it possible for the first time to carry out a zoogeographic analysis of the chiropterofauna of the Altai-Sayan highland. The faunal complex of bats in the study area and adjacent territories is represented by boreal, European and Central Asian species. The cluster analysis by Jaccard coefficient allowed us to distinguish two main chiropterological complexes: Altai-Sayan and Ubsunur. Our boundary between these complexes coincides or is close to the biogeographic boundaries drawn for various groups of vertebrates and invertebrates, as well as plants.Conclusion. Altai-Sayan territory is inhabited by 13 bat species of six genera belonging to Vespertilionidae family. The most common species are the following: eastern water bat – Myotis petax Hollister, 1912; Siberian bat – Myotis sibiricus Kastschenko, 1905; Ikonnikov's bat – Myotis ikonnikov Ognev, 1912; Northern bat – Eptesicus nilssonii Keyserling, Blasius, 1839; Parti-coloured bat – Vespertilio murinus Linnaeus, 1758; Ognev's long-eared bat – Plecotus ognevi Kishida, 1927. In the fauna of the region, the boundary between two chiropterological complexes (Altai-Sayan and Ubsunur) runs through Kurtushibinsk-Usinsk province.

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