scholarly journals Morphological Patterns of the Early Mediaeval Population of the Eastern Aral Region (Based on the Materials of Altyn-Asar Burial Sites)

2020 ◽  
pp. 84-102
Author(s):  
Maria Mednikova ◽  
Anna Tarasova ◽  
Olga Chechyotkina
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Morphological Similarity ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Middle Asia ◽  
The Great Migration ◽  
Cattle Breeders

Introduction. Morphological studies of ancient peoples are associated with traditions of physical anthropology classifying data of similarity and differences of appearance of humans in the past. The use of standard measurement techniques contributed to the accumulation of a data array that allows drawing conclusions about the origin and environment of paleopopulations even with a small number and preservation of skeletal material. Archaeological sites of the Jetyasar culture were investigated in the 80s of the 21st century by the Khwarism Expedition of the USSR Academy of Sciences in the low basin of the Syr Darya river. The culture originated as a result of contacts of oasis agriculturists and steppe cattle-breeders in the northern part of the Great Silk Road. The majority of material is associated with the period from the first centuries AD till the 8th century, when local population left places due to increased aridity. According to archaeological data, during the 4 th – 7th centuries part of the inhabitants of the region had migrant origin and/or participated in the Great Migration to the west. The goal of the study is to evaluate the morphological diversity of the Jetyasar people during the mediaeval time. Methods and Materials. The skeletal series from Altyn-Asar 4a-t, Tompakasar, Kosasar burial sites totally represents remains of 600 individuals of different chronology. Comparative data from Southern Siberia, Middle Asia, North Caucasus and Central Europe helps to study the differentiation of the mediaeval population by basic parameters of the skeletal constitution reflected in the size and linear body proportions (method of canonic analysis). Results and Conclusions. The paper reveals some trends which might indicate genetic relations of some Jetyasar groups and their possible participation in migrations. Morphological similarity of groups from Kosasar-2 and Altyn-Asar 4v burial sites with inhabitants of Mongolia and Tuva of the Hun-Sarmatian time has been detected. The patterns of physical development of people from Altyn-Asar 4m necropolis confirm the hypothesis of archaeologists about their migrant origin. However, the majority of other early and later groups have morphological analogies among the earlier or synchronous population of Middle Asia (Altyn-Asar 4b, l, d, r, g, Tompakasar). Part of the population demonstrates peculiar morphological similarity with the Avars of Central Europe (Altyn-Asar 4k, t, o).

Character selection and the quantification of morphological disparity

Paleobiology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley Deline ◽  
William I. Ausich
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Small Subset ◽  
Early Paleozoic ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Rarefaction Analysis ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Body Regions ◽  
Scientific Hypotheses

AbstractA priori choices in the detail and breadth of a study are important in addressing scientific hypotheses. In particular, choices in the number and type of characters can greatly influence the results in studies of morphological diversity. A new character suite was constructed to examine trends in the disparity of early Paleozoic crinoids. Character-based rarefaction analysis indicated that a small subset of these characters (~20% of the complete data set) could be used to capture most of the properties of the entire data set in analyses of crinoids as a whole, noncamerate crinoids, and to a lesser extent camerate crinoids. This pattern may be the result of the covariance between characters and the characterization of rare morphologies that are not represented in the primary axes in morphospace. Shifting emphasis on different body regions (oral system, calyx, periproct system, and pelma) also influenced estimates of relative disparity between subclasses of crinoids. Given these results, morphological studies should include a pilot analysis to better examine the amount and type of data needed to address specific scientific hypotheses.

scholarly journals UNDERGROUND BURIALS OF THE ANCIENT MINGACHEVIR (SAMUNIS)

2019 ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
Emin Vagif Mammadov
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Information ◽  
Local Population ◽  
First Century ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
South Caucasus ◽  
The Third ◽  
The North ◽  
Funerary Rituals ◽  
Underground Burial

The article is dedicated to the analysis of archeological excavation as a result of researches discovered in the Mingachevir conducted in the middle of the 20th century of the different type of underground burials of the ancient period. These burials are covered the significant historical period from the second half of the 1st millenium and the first century AD and are the important source of the scientific information on many issues of material and spiritual culture of the population of Caucasus Albania. Underground burials of the ancient period in the Mingachevir zone by the method of placing the deceased in them are divided into three types: 1) burials with a backbone stretched out on the back; 2) burials with a weakly crouched skeleton on the left or right side; 3) burials with a heavily crouched skeleton on the left or right side. The article gives a detailed analysis of all these three types of burials. The author of the article, along with a number of other researchers come to the conclusion that the first type of underground burial is considered to be innovation for the whole of the South Caucasus and its emergence is associated with the penetration of mobile tribes from the North Caucasus in particular the Scythian. Part of these Scythians finally settled in the Mingachevir zone and subsequently merged with the local population, which eventually leads to the appearance of a second type of underground burial in the form of underground graves with poorly crouched skeleton. The third type of underground burial of Mingachevir (Samunis) of the ancient period, namely burials with a heavily crouched skeleton belong to local autochthonous tribes, consolidation of which became the basis for the formation of the state of Caucasian Albania in the 4th – 3rd centuries BC. This type of underground burial has deep local roots and is based on centuries-old local funerary rituals.

Let’s make Pulvigera great again: re-circumscription of a misunderstood group of Orthotrichaceae that diversified in North America

2020 ◽  
Vol 193 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Lara ◽  
Isabel Draper ◽  
Maren Flagmeier ◽  
Juan Antonio Calleja ◽  
Vicente Mazimpaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Phylogenetic Reconstruction ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Identification Key ◽  
Marquesas Islands ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Taxonomic Framework

Abstract Orthotrichum lyellii was described in 1878 based on the crisped leaves with plane margins on its elongated and branched stems, and on the presence of brood-bodies. In Europe, these characters remain constant, but in North America several similar forms lacking propagules have been described either at the specific or infraspecific level. These were all reduced to synonyms of O. lyellii. In 2015, Orthotrichum was divided, and O. lyellii was transferred to Pulvigera, a genus thus far considered to be monospecific. In this study, the variability of P. lyellii is analysed in an integrative taxonomic framework. Morphological studies on > 200 specimens, including the nomenclatural types of the taxa previously described, were combined with biogeographical and ecological evidence and with a phylogenetic reconstruction of 39 terminals based on five molecular loci. All the sources of evidence suggest the existence of four different taxa in North America, one also present on the Marquesas Islands. The study of type materials led to their identification as P. lyellii and three other taxa previously described from North America, Orthotrichum papillosum, O. lyellii var. howei and O. pringlei. These taxa differ from each other in taxonomically significant morphological characters of the gametophyte and sporophyte. The morphological diversity has led us to reinterpret Pulvigera, and to amend its description. Nomenclatural changes for the reinstated taxa are proposed, and full descriptions and an identification key for Pulvigera spp. in North America are provided.

scholarly journals First Migration of Peoples and Zarubinets Culture

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 60-78
Author(s):  
Mikhail Gusakov
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Ancient History ◽  
Internal Development ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
History Of ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Archaeological Cultures ◽  
First Time

The article is devoted to one event in ancient history, called ‘The First Migration of Peoples,’ which was studied and commented on many times when the Germanic tribes Cimbri and Teutons carried out many years of displacement in the space of Central Europe. Despite their defeat by Rome, this event caused a powerful movement of other tribes, especially towards Eastern Europe, where many new archaeological cultures were formed. Among them, a special place is occupied by the Zarubinets culture and its part in the history of Eastern Europe. The purpose of the study is to determine the place of Zarubinets culture in the history of eastern Europe. The research methodology consists in the use of general scientific, special and interdisciplinary methods. Scientific novelty. For the first time, the Zarubinets culture of Eastern Europe is considered against the background of the Western European tribe’s movement due to Roman expansion. Conclusions. The question of the Zarubinets culture's origin is still debatable. Now there is no particular objection to the opinion that the genesis of Zarubinets culture was a complex process that reflected the peculiarities of both the internal development of the local population and the effects of external circumstances, reflecting the movement of tribes in the Center for Europe.

scholarly journals THE PEOPLES OF THE NORTH CAUCASUS IN THE RELATIONS OF RUSSIA AND TURKEY IN THE 1770-1790 s

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 24-34
Author(s):  
D S Kidirniyazov
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
External Control ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Peace Treaty ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
The North ◽  
The Crimea

The Küçük Kaynardzha Peace Treaty of 1774, which sanctioned joining of Kabardia and Ossetia to Russia and formal independence of the Kuban Nogais, once again confirmed that the solution of the question of the international legal status of the North Caucasus was the prerogative right of great powers and did not belong to the sphere of Russian-Caucasian relations. Since the 1770s, military lines in the form of fortification chains and some Cossack settlements were built in the region. Access to the Black Sea at the end of the 18th century and joining of the Crimea to Russia became important events in international life and politics. They raised the authority of Russia in Europe and at the same time heightened tensions with the Turkish Empire. The people’s liberation movement under Sheikh Mansur’s command caused a massive public outcry in the North Caucasus due to common goals of the local peoples in the liberation struggle. The Treaty of Jassy of 1791 only confirmed the terms of the peace treaty of 1774 without any new territorial changes in the region. During the period under consideration, the Russian authorities hardly took any actions in regards to the local peoples. The actions of the Russian administration in the region did not go beyond external control and encouragement of trade and economic ties between the local population and immigrants from the central provinces of Russia. The control was carried out by the military authorities actively introduced into the geographical area of the region (construction of fortresses, creation of new garrisons and places of deployment of Russian troops). The creation of the civil administration of the region (vicarious authority, government, police force) was also started.

scholarly journals Radio Broadcasting as a Component of the Bolshevist System of Authoritary Journalism of Autonomies of the North Caucasus: Stage of Formation

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-226
Author(s):  
Lema A. Turpalov
Keyword(s):  
Local Population ◽  
Authoritarian Regime ◽  
Soviet Power ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
The North ◽  
Radio Broadcasting ◽  
Marxist Ideology

During the consolidation of Soviet power in the North Caucasus, the Bolshevik leadership considered broadcasting as the most important tool for introducing Marxist ideology into the consciousness of the mountain masses. This was caused by the fact that the local population was almost completely illiterate and print propaganda was not very effective. Meanwhile, the processes of formation of regional broadcasting are studied only fragmentarily. The article attempts to identify the main trends in the development of North Caucasian radio, to show the evolution of forms and genres of broadcasting, its transformation into the mouthpiece of the Bolshevik authoritarian regime.

Morphological variation and systematics of Dipsas catesbyi (Sentzen, 1796) and Dipsas pavonina Schlegel, 1837 (Serpentes: Dipsadinae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2203 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANA CAROLINE DE LIMA ◽  
ANA LÚCIA DA COSTA PRUDENTE
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Geographic Variation ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Morphological Variation ◽  
Color Pattern ◽  
High Variability ◽  
The Other ◽  
Morphological Similarity ◽  
Morphometric Characters ◽  
Morphological Studies

The genus Dipsas includes approximately 32 species, distributed from Mexico to South America (Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, Bolivia and Peru). High variability in color pattern and scalation has made it difficult to define limits among Dipsas species and to interpret patterns of geographic variation. We analyzed 14 meristic and 18 morphometric characters of 483 specimens of D. catesbyi and 129 specimens of D. pavonina, as well as their color pattern, coloration, hemipenis, cephalic glands and geographic distribution. We describe variation in meristic and morphometric characters and incorporate new characters into revised diagnoses. The results indicate a greater morphological similarity between D. catesbyi and species of Sibynomorphus than with the other species of Dipsas. More morphological studies should be done to evaluate current phylogenetic proposals for relationships within the tribe Dipsadini.

The Caucasian War and Population Transfers in the Southern Outskirts of the Russian Empire

Istoriya ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10 (108)) ◽  
pp. 0
Author(s):  
Amiran Urushadze
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Indigenous Population ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Historical Evidence ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire

The article examines the history of transfers (displacements) of the population during the years of the Caucasian War. Transfers are analyzed in the context of the Russian Empire's policy of establishing military and political control in the region. The article is based on the materials of several federal and regional archives, as well as published historical evidence and research literature. The author concludes that the history of colonization of the North Caucasus, which is widely represented in historiography, needs revision. The history of Russian colonization is a narrative about the adaptation of the Cossacks and peasants to the new conditions of life and interaction with the local population. However, new settlers came to the territories previously occupied by the indigenous population forced to leave them. In this respect, it is the history of transfers that allows us to understand the motives of the imperial administration, the mechanisms of organization of relocations, and the resettlement reflection of the population. Another conclusion of the article is that during the course of the Caucasian War, population transfers became one of the standard mechanisms of the Russian administration, and the large-scale eviction of the Adygs in 1862—1864 was a continuation of this policy.

Morphological Studies on Spray Deposited Lanthanum Sulphide (La2S3) Thin Films

2016 ◽  
Vol 705 ◽  
pp. 283-288
Author(s):  
G.D. Bagde ◽  
C.T. Londhe ◽  
A.G. Bagde
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Film Properties ◽  
Direct Band Gap ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Fibrous Network ◽  
Direct Band ◽  
Xrd Studies ◽  
P Type

The spray pyrolysis was employed to prepare Lanthanum Sulphide (La2S3) thin films on silicon non conducting glass substrate using lanthanum chloride and thioacetamide from aqueous medium. The effect of preparative parameters on film properties was studied. Further thin films characterization was carried out by electrical resistivity, thermoemf, optical, XRD and SEM measurement techniques. The electrical resistivity was the order of 104 – 105 Ω cm and it shows semiconducting behavior. The Thermoemf studies reveal that Lanthanum Sulphide material is P-type. The direct band gap of Lanthanum Sulphide (La2S3) thin films was estimated to be 2.5 eV. The XRD studies indicate that Lanthanum Sulphide (La2S3) thin films are polycrystalline. A morphological study shows that the Lanthanum Sulphide (La2S3) thin films have fibrous network.

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