scholarly journals Synthesis and Characterization of Nano Activated Carbon from Annatto Peels (Bixa orellana L.) Viewed from Temperature Activation and Impregnation Ratio of H3PO4

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-50
Author(s):  
Cucun Alep Riyanto ◽  
Muhamad Syaiful Ampri ◽  
Yohanes Martono
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Bixa Orellana ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Carbon Particles ◽  
Impregnation Ratio ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Infrared Spectrophotometer ◽  
Temperature Activation

Nano activated carbon is activated carbon with nano-sized carbon particles and can be synthesized from cellulose-containing materials such as the Annatto peels. In this study, the synthesis of nano activated carbon of the Annatto peels was carried out in terms of activation temperature variations and the carbon impregnation ratio of 50% H3PO4 acid and determining the characteristics of nano activated carbon from Annatto peels (NAPAC). The activation method used is the impregnation of carbon in 50% H3PO4 with a ratio of 1: 3; 1: 4; 1: 5; 1: 6; and 1: 7 (w/w) for 24 hours and heating at 400; 500; 600; 700; and 800 °C for one hour. Nano activated carbon from Annatto peels (NAPAC) was characterized by Infrared Spectrophotometer (FTIR), X-ray Diffractometer (XRD), and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). The results of the study showed that the NAPAC can be synthesized from Annatto peels with activation by 50% H3PO4 at the temperature of 500°C and the impregnation ratio of 1:5 (w/w). 

Synthesis and Characterization of Mg(OH)2-Impregnated Activated Carbon Adsorbent from Coconut Shell

2019 ◽  
Vol 948 ◽  
pp. 49-53
Author(s):  
Andri Saputra ◽  
Hary Sulistyo ◽  
Deni Swantomo
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Carbon Adsorbent ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Impregnation Ratio ◽  
Bet Method ◽  
Treated Carbon

Introducing or impregnating Mg(OH)2onto activated carbon is a promising path for wastewater treatment of uptake (removal) uranium from aqueous solution. The present study aims to synthesize and characterize Mg(OH)­2-impregnated activated carbon from coconut shell. The introducing or impregnating Mg(OH)2into treated biochar by activation method using various impregnation ratio (IR) of MgCl2(IR = 0.5; 1.0; 2.0). Characterization of functional groups in produced activated carbon was conducted with the aid of FTIR spectroscopy. The presence of O-H or Mg(hydroxyl) bond was confirmed by FTIR analysis at 3343.50 cm-1with the highest intensity of the obtained peak at impregnation ratio (IR) 2.0. Due to the surface area is one of the important factors that control a material’s ability to adsorb contaminations, the surface area of activated carbon was measured about 353-358 m2/g by BET method. To indicate that introducing or impregnating Mg(OH)2or Mg(hydroxyl) into treated carbon is successfully work, the presence of Mg (%w) in activated carbon was performed using X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis with the highest Mg presence about 28.587 (%w) at impregnation ratio (IR) 2.0.

Synthesis and Microstructural Analysis of Si3N4 Nanorods

2002 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.H. Gao ◽  
Y. Bando ◽  
K. Kurashima ◽  
T. Sato
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Carbothermal Reduction ◽  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Closest Packing

α-Si3N4 nanorods with 20–80 nm width were synthesized by carbothermal reduction of SiO with amorphous activated carbon (AAC) as a reductant. Microstructural characterization of the synthesized nanorods was carried out by high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis. Many Si3N4 nanorods were found to be twisted. Each twisted nanorod contained several straight Si3N4 parts. The straight parts had the rod axes orientated along the 〈1010〉 direction, which is the closest packing direction of α-Si3N4. There were two kinds of joints between the two adjacent straight Si3N4 parts. Formation mechanism of the Si3N4 nanorods is discussed.

scholarly journals Characterization of Active Carbon Prepared from Coconuts Shells using FTIR, XRD and SEM Techniques

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andi Ikhtiar Bakti ◽  
Paulus Lobo Gareso
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Carbon And Graphite ◽  
Diffraction Peaks ◽  
Coconut Shells ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Activated carbon is produced from coconut shells through physical and chemical activation. With pyrolysis method, the optimum activation temperature for physics activation is 600oC, and for chemical, activation is to soak it in activator ZnCl2 10% and Na2Ca3 10%. Activated carbon was analyzed by Fourier Transformation Infrared (FTIR) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) methods. The FTIR result showed that the coconut shells succeeds in becoming carbon. The XRD results confirm the existence of several phases of crystals like graphite around the peaks of 36o and 44o, there are two wide diffraction peaks and can be interconnected with carbon and graphite content. The SEM result showed that the carbonization of pyrolysis and activation processes created porosity and a large surface area for absorption.Keywords: activated carbon, coconut shell, FTIR, SEM, XRD

The Use of Advanced Analytical Techniques for Characterization of the Chemical, Physical, and Crystallographic Nature of a Surface

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 132-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Herfert
Keyword(s):  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Depth Of Penetration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Past ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

Studies of the nature of a surface, either metallic or nonmetallic, in the past, have been limited to the instrumentation available for these measurements. In the past, optical microscopy, replica transmission electron microscopy, electron or X-ray diffraction and optical or X-ray spectroscopy have provided the means of surface characterization. Actually, some of these techniques are not purely surface; the depth of penetration may be a few thousands of an inch. Within the last five years, instrumentation has been made available which now makes it practical for use to study the outer few 100A of layers and characterize it completely from a chemical, physical, and crystallographic standpoint. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) provides a means of viewing the surface of a material in situ to magnifications as high as 250,000X.

scholarly journals Synthesis and characterization of Fe, Co, and Ni colloids in 2-mercaptoethanol

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 184798042096688
Author(s):  
Galo Cárdenas-Triviño ◽  
Sergio Triviño-Matus
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Diffraction ◽  
Colloidal Dispersions ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Chemical Liquid Deposition ◽  
Liquid Deposition

Metal colloids in 2-mercaptoethanol using nanoparticles (NPs) of iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), and nickel (Ni) were prepared by chemical liquid deposition method. Transmission electron microscopy, electron diffraction, UV-VIS spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy with electron dispersive X-ray spectroscopy characterized the resulting colloidal dispersions. The NPs exhibited sizes with ranges from 9.8 nm for Fe, 3.7 nm for Co, and 7.2 nm for Ni. The electron diffraction shows the presence of the metals in its elemental state Fe (0), Co (0), and Ni (0) and also some compounds FeO (OH), CoCo2S4, and NiNi2S4.

Characterization of ordered mesoporous films on silicon (001) surface using X-ray and electron diffraction

2005 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 211-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pang-Hung Liu ◽  
Kuei-Jung Chao ◽  
Xing-Jian Guo ◽  
Kuo-Ying Huang ◽  
Yen-Ru Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Diffraction ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Dip Coating ◽  
Silica Film ◽  
Continuous Film ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Ordered Mesoporous ◽  
Direction Dependence

A continuous silica film with well aligned mesochannels parallel to the Si(001) surface was found to be formed through sol–gel dip-coating of a silica precursor with nonionic ethylene oxide surfactant. Two two-dimensional mesoporous structures in centered and non-centered rectangular symmetries and with the short axes of elongated ellipsoidal pores normal to the surface were observed by X-ray and electron diffraction. Detailed transmission electron microscopy investigations were employed to view the direction dependence of the channel or pore packing in the continuous film.

Detonation Synthesis of Nano-Size Materials

1995 ◽  
Vol 418 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Forbes ◽  
J. Davis ◽  
C. Wong
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Nucleation And Growth ◽  
Detonation Synthesis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Crystalline Materials ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Nano Size

AbstractThe detonation of explosives typically creates 100's of kbar pressures and 1000's K temperatures. These pressures and temperatures last for only a fraction of a microsecond as the products expand. Nucleation and growth of crystalline materials can occur under these conditions. Recovery of these materials is difficult but can occur in some circumstances. This paper describes the detonation synthesis facility, recovery of nano-size diamond, and plans to synthesize other nano-size materials by modifying the chemical composition of explosive compounds. The characterization of nano-size diamonds by transmission electron microscopy and electron diffraction, X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy will also be reported.

Characterization of columns grown during KrF laser micromachining of Al2O3–TiC ceramics

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 1123-1130 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Oliveira ◽  
R. Vilar
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Laser Pulses ◽  
Formation Mechanisms ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Reducing Conditions ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Column Formation ◽  
Krf Laser

This paper aims to contribute to the understanding of column formation mechanisms in Al2O3–TiC ceramics micromachined using excimer lasers. Chemical and structural characterization of columns grown in Al2O3–TiC composite processed with 200 KrF laser pulses at 10 J/cm2 was carried out by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and x-ray diffraction analysis. Fully developed columns consist of a core of unprocessed material surrounded by an outer layer of Al2TiO5, formed in oxidizing conditions, and an inner layer, formed in reducing conditions, composed of TiC and Al3Ti or an AlTi solid solution. Possible mechanisms of column formation are discussed.

One Step Synthesis and Characterization of Zirconia-Graphene Composites

2012 ◽  
Vol 600 ◽  
pp. 174-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Fei Xia ◽  
Zong Hua Wang ◽  
Yan Zhi Xia ◽  
Fei Fei Zhang ◽  
Fu Qiang Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Graphene Composite ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
One Step ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Xrd Techniques

Zirconia-graphene composite (ZrO2-G) has been successfully synthesized via decomposition of ZrOCl2•6H2O in a water-isopropanol system with dispersed graphene oxide (GO) utilizing Na2S as a precursor could enable the occurrence of the deposition of Zr4+ and the deoxygenation of GO at the same time. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques were used to characterize the samples. It was found that graphene were fully coated with ZrO2, and the ZrO2 existing in tetragonal phase, which resulted in the formation of two-dimensional composite.

Hydrothermal Synthesis and Characterization of BiFeO3 Polyhedral Crystallites

2012 ◽  
Vol 174-177 ◽  
pp. 508-511
Author(s):  
Lin Lin Yang ◽  
Yong Gang Wang ◽  
Yu Jiang Wang ◽  
Xiao Feng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Xrd Pattern ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

BiFeO3 polyhedrons had been successfully synthesized via a hydrothermal method. The as-prepared products were characterized by power X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The possible mechanisms for the formation of BiFeO3 polyhedrons were discussed. Though comparison experiments, it was found that the kind of precursor played a key role on the morphology control of BiFeO3 crystals.

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