Conceptual and legal issues in the designation and management of conservation areas in Nepal

1999 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOEL T. HEINEN ◽  
JAI N. MEHTA
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
The Government ◽  
Enforcement Authority ◽  
Modern Era ◽  
Definitive Methods

The modern era of wildlife and protected area conservation in Nepal began in 1973 with the passage of comprehensive legislation, and has evolved very quickly as new priorities and problems have emerged. Here we explore the legal and managerial development of conservation areas, a recently-defined category of protected area designed to promote conservation through local-level participation and development. A review of the Conservation Area Management Regulations of 1996 shows that there are several potential problems inherent in this designation. As written, the regulations move power from the government to organizations under governmental contract. Thus, management authority largely remains top-down from the standpoint of local users. We also question how well the designation will protect some sensitive wildlife species, since organizations do not have law enforcement authority under Nepalese legislation.Despite these concerns, there have been several successful conservation area programmes in existence in Nepal since the 1980s and most of the issues addressed are surmountable with the current regulations, providing that several criteria are met. We propose that His Majesty's Government and organizations under contract develop more definitive methods of disbursing funds for local-level projects, and institute social impact assessments. In addition, more attention must be paid to wildlife law enforcement; independent assessments of important wild populations and unique habitats are needed. Finally, we discuss some broader issues that should be better addressed in Nepal and elsewhere, including cross-sectoral coordination within the government.

The Existence of Geothermal Energy in Communication Perspective and Sustainable Environment in Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 43-52
Author(s):  
Indriyati Kamil ◽  
Oekan S Abdoellah ◽  
Herlina Agustin ◽  
Iriana Bakti
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Geothermal Energy ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Nature Reserves ◽  
Communication Model ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
Communication Models ◽  
The Government

This article highlights the dynamics of geothermal energy in the Kamojang nature reserve in Indonesia. A nature reserve is a conservation area that must be protected and preserved, because it has unique flora and fauna, and rare ecosystems whose existence is threatened with extinction. After going through a long study process by an integrated team, the government finally made a policy to change the function of the nature reserve into a Nature Tourism Park. Changes in policy changes to the function of nature reserves cause pros and cons in the community, and cause conflicts between government and environmental activists. The purpose of this study is to identify the factors that cause changes in the function of nature reserves into natural tourism parks in the Kamojang conservation area of Indonesia, as well as to identify appropriate communication models in the management of geothermal energy through communication and environmentally sustainable approaches. Research findings show that the factors that cause changes in the function of nature reserves into tourist parks include; the interests of geothermal energy to meet national energy needs and electricity infrastructure, accommodate the needs of surrounding communities that utilize water resources in conservation areas, and restore ecosystems. The communication model for geothermal energy management that we propose at the same time is also a novelty namely; ecopopulism approach, negotiation approach, collaboration, and equating meaning and orientation to environmental sustainability. Type of Paper: Empirical Keywords: Geothermal Energy, Nature Reserves, Conservation Policies, Communication Models and Sustainable Development.

scholarly journals Estimating population sizes of lions Panthera leo and spotted hyaenas Crocuta crocuta in Uganda's savannah parks, using lure count methods

Oryx ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 394-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Okot Omoya ◽  
Tutilo Mudumba ◽  
Stephen T. Buckland ◽  
Paul Mulondo ◽  
Andrew J. Plumptre
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
National Park ◽  
Crocuta Crocuta ◽  
Panthera Leo ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Population Sizes

AbstractDespite > 60 years of conservation in Uganda's national parks the populations of lions and spotted hyaenas in these areas have never been estimated using a census method. Estimates for some sites have been extrapolated to other protected areas and educated guesses have been made but there has been nothing more definitive. We used a lure count analysis method of call-up counts to estimate populations of the lion Panthera leo and spotted hyaena Crocuta crocuta in the parks where reasonable numbers of these species exist: Queen Elizabeth Protected Area, Murchison Falls Conservation Area and Kidepo Valley National Park. We estimated a total of 408 lions and 324 hyaenas for these three conservation areas. It is unlikely that other conservation areas in Uganda host > 10 lions or > 40 hyaenas. The Queen Elizabeth Protected Area had the largest populations of lions and hyaenas: 140 and 211, respectively. It is estimated that lion numbers have declined by 30% in this protected area since the late 1990s and there are increasing concerns for the long-term viability of both species in Uganda.

scholarly journals PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP IKAN HIU DAN IKAN PARI UNTUK MENJAGA KESEIMBANGAN EKOSISTEM LAUT INDONESIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 224
Author(s):  
Zaka Firma Aditya ◽  
Sholahuddin Al-Fatih
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Marine Animals ◽  
Fishing Activity ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Education And Awareness ◽  
Shark Conservation ◽  
The Government

The population of sharks and rays in Indonesia threatened with extinction. Based on the findings of WWF Indonesia that there are at least 10 million sharks caught in Indonesian waters each year for commercial purposes. Urgency of protection against sharks and stingrays are not only conservation activities related to efforts to save species of marine animals from extinction, but also related to global environmental issues. Until this time there has been no regulation of the Indonesian government, which specifically provides protection to the conservation of sharks and rays in Indonesia’s marine waters. In this paper, the author will discuss two findings. First, the lack of regulations that provide legal protection to sharks and stingrays from illegal fishing activity. Secondly, there are two efforts can be made by the government, repressive and preventive measures. A repressive measure carried out by law enforcement with a very heavy sanction the perpetrators of fishing of sharks and stingrays. Preventive efforts done by making shark conservation areas and through education and awareness to the community.

scholarly journals Assessment of community awareness and risk perceptions of zoonotic causes of abortion in cattle at three selected livestock–wildlife interface areas of Zimbabwe

2017 ◽  
Vol 145 (7) ◽  
pp. 1304-1319 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. NDENGU ◽  
M. DE GARINE-WICHATITSKY ◽  
D. M. PFUKENYI ◽  
M. TIVAPASI ◽  
B. MUKAMURI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Valley Fever ◽  
Porous Interface ◽  
Transfrontier Conservation ◽  
The Government ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Transfrontier Conservation Area

SUMMARYA study was conducted to assess the awareness of cattle abortions due to brucellosis, Rift Valley fever (RVF) and leptospirosis, and to compare frequencies of reported abortions in communities living at the periphery of the Great Limpopo Transfrontier Conservation Area in southeastern Zimbabwe. Three study sites were selected based on the type of livestock–wildlife interface: porous livestock–wildlife interface (unrestricted); non-porous livestock–wildlife interface (restricted by fencing); and livestock–wildlife non-interface (totally absent or control). Respondents randomly selected from a list of potential cattle farmers (N = 379) distributed at porous (40·1%), non-interface (35·5%) and non-porous (26·4%), were interviewed using a combined close- and open-ended questionnaire. Focus group discussions were conducted with 10–12 members of each community. More abortions in the last 5 years were reported from the porous interface (52%) and a significantly higher per cent of respondents from the porous interface (P < 0·05) perceived wildlife as playing a role in livestock abortions compared with the other interface types. The odds of reporting abortions in cattle were higher in large herd sizes (odds ratio (OR) = 2·6; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·5–4·3), porous (OR = 1·9; 95% CI 1·0–3·5) and non-porous interface (OR = 2·2; 95% CI 1·1–4·3) compared with livestock–wildlife non-interface areas. About 21·6% of the respondents knew brucellosis as a cause of abortion, compared with RVF (9·8%) and leptospirosis (3·7%). These results explain to some extent, the existence of human/wildlife conflict in the studied livestock–wildlife interface areas of Zimbabwe, which militates against biodiversity conservation efforts. The low awareness of zoonoses means the public is at risk of contracting some of these infections. Thus, further studies should focus on livestock–wildlife interface areas to assess if the increased rates of abortions reported in cattle may be due to exposure to wildlife or other factors. The government of Zimbabwe needs to launch educational programmes on public health awareness in these remote areas at the periphery of transfrontier conservation areas where livestock–wildlife interface exists to help mitigate the morbidity and mortality of people from some of the known zoonotic diseases.

scholarly journals Do Tar Roads Bring Tourism? Growth Corridor Policy and Tourism Development in the Zambezi region, Namibia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linus Kalvelage ◽  
Javier Revilla Diez ◽  
Michael Bollig
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Production Networks ◽  
Global Production Networks ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Core Element ◽  
Transfrontier Conservation Area

AbstractThere are high aspirations to foster growth in Namibia’s Zambezi region via the development of tourism. The Zambezi region is a core element of the Kavango-Zambezi Transfrontier Conservation Area (KAZA), a mosaic of areas with varying degrees of protection, which is designed to combine nature conservation and rural development. These conservation areas serve as a resource base for wildlife tourism, and growth corridor policy aims to integrate the region into tourism global production networks (GPNs) by means of infrastructure development. Despite the increasing popularity of growth corridors, little is known about the effectiveness of this development strategy at local level. The mixed-methods approach suggests a link between a tandem of infrastructure development and tourism-oriented policies on the one hand, and increased value creation from tourism in the region on the other hand. Yet, the promises of tourism-driven development reach only a very limited number of rural residents.

scholarly journals Micromelum minutum Wight & Arn: Bioprospection Potency of Forest Conservation Area

Buletin Eboni ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Heri Suryanto
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
The Government ◽  
Park Area

Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park Area is one of the forest areas designated by the government as a conservation area in South Sulawesi. Optimization the use of the economic value of conservation areas and  potency of the biodiversity are many parties hope. Micromelum minutum Wight & Arn is one of the biodiversity richness in Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park area. This plant predominantly contains flavonoid chemical compounds that are useful as antioxidants, antimicrobial, antibacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, anti-mutagenic, anti-clastogenic, anti-cancer, anti-platelet for humans.  M. minutum has potency as bioprospecting for Bantimurung National Park. The use of the conservation zone rehabilitation zones as wanafarma requires  plantcaracteristic and site management. M. minutum plantation should be placemented at river banks or create waterways if planting at dry land. In addition, efforts can be made to improve the physical properties of the soil in the form of loose and increased organic matter content by planting ground cover and fertilizing.

scholarly journals Natural Resources Management Rights in Land Conservation Areas in Coastal Areas and Small Islands Based on Environmental Sustainability

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 1309-1316
Author(s):  
Adonia Ivone Laturette ◽  
Rory Jeff Akyuwen ◽  
Barzah Latupono ◽  
Arman Anwar ◽  
La Ode Angga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Legal Principles ◽  
The Government ◽  
Legal Consequences

The coastal area is an area that is very intensively used for human activities, such as the central government area, settlements, industry, ports, aquaculture, agriculture/fishery, tourism, and so on. The existence of these various activities raises the need for space as supporting facilities and infrastructure for each of these activities. This research is a normative legal research. normative legal research is a process to find the rule of law, legal principles, and legal doctrines in order to answer the legal problems faced. The answer obtained from the legal analysis regarding the legal consequences is that the Government does not specifically regulate the regulation of land rights in conservation areas which are determined through the Regional Spatial Planning (RTRW) and Regional Spatial Planning (RZWP3K) so that the legal consequences are uncertainty in law enforcement and also overlapping powers.

scholarly journals COMPETITIVENESS OF SUSTAINABLE ECOTOURISM AT THE BROMO TENGGER SEMERU NATIONAL PARK

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-62
Author(s):  
Joshi Maharani Wibowo
Keyword(s):  
Protected Area ◽  
National Park ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Tourism Destination ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Travel And Tourism ◽  
Negative Impacts

Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park (BTSNP) is one of the conservation areas in Indonesian that functions as a protected area, a biosphere reserve area, and a tourism destination. The research was conducted to determine the BTSNP sustainable competitiveness potential as a tourism destination as well as conservation area. This research used secondary data obtained from the TripAdvisor site in 2018 and primary data obtained through interviews, FGD, documentation, and observation. The data was analyzed by using a sentiment analysis approach based on the Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Index (TTCI) concept. The result showed that BTSNP’s sustainable competitiveness was most negatively influenced by tourism policy and environmental conditions. To overcome those of negative impacts, the related stakeholders need to apply more suitable policies based on natural and social condition of BTSNP, such as biosphere reserve and local tourism clustering-based policy. The purpose of developing a new local tourism attraction (clustering) in BTSNP was to overcome waste and excess tourist capacity in the BTSNP protected area. The clustering also aims to maximize local tourism development strategies based on the biosphere reserve concept in the BTSNP area. So, the policies related to biosphere reserve and tourism clustering can effectively increase sustainable competitiveness ecotourism in BTSNP.

‘The Tsar Gave the Order and the Boyars Assented’

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-252
Author(s):  
Hans-Heinrich Nolte
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Local Law Enforcement ◽  
Local Law ◽  
The Government ◽  
Early Modern Times ◽  
New Institutions

It is argued that the political institutions of Muscovite Russia (Tsarstvo, adequately translated as kingdom in the early-modern times)—the meeting of the sobor (land) with its three voting bodies and the council of boyars (Duma) on the level of the Tsardom of Russia. As a whole, they were instruments of finding consensus between the Tsar and the powerful and rich groups of the ‘country’ (Zemlja) such as Church, nobility and big merchants. On the local level, autonomy and cooperation with the center in Moscow was established in the self-government (Mir) of villages and town-quarters (Sloboda), which also organised tax raising and other services for the government as quartering troops. Institutions of local law-enforcement (Guba) cooperated with the Ministry for law enforcement (razbojnik prikaz) in Moscow. Peter I (in the French way, by not convoking the sobor, ending the boyars’ council and founding new institutions in a new capital) established absolutism and Empire in Russia. As Putin said, ‘Historiography should neither date that change back nor render an image of Russia as immobile and centralistic by nature nor idealize the pre-Petrine system rendering an image of a ‘real Russia’ back in times.’

Understanding local people's use of time: a pre-condition for good co-management

1999 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
CAROL J. PIERCE COLFER ◽  
REED L. WADLEY ◽  
P. VENKATESWARLU
Keyword(s):  
Time Allocation ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Local People ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
West Kalimantan ◽  
Use Of Time ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Important Means

Development of management plans collaboratively with local people (e.g. co-management) is now an important means of protected area conservation. Yet formal protected area managers often need more specific information about the local people with whom they want to co-manage resources. We propose wider use of a method, which we describe, for studying time allocation, as an early step in the co-management of conservation areas. Use of time allocation data in co-management is illustrated from a conservation project in Danau Sentarum Wildlife Reserve (DSWR) in West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Data from spot observations were analysed at three levels, namely those of 'macro-categories' (production, reproduction and leisure), an intermediate level (e.g. agriculture and food preparation), and that of individual activities (such as fishing, collection of forest foods and hunting).In the DSWR, the allocation of time differed according to gender, ethnicity and seasonality, throughout the year of the study. Our experience suggests that knowledge of such patterns of behaviour can help conservation area managers to understand local people's needs and desires better, improve managers' rapport with local people, and make better cooperative plans with local people.

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