scholarly journals Short-Range Vital Signs Sensing Based on EEMD and CWT Using IR-UWB Radar

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xikun Hu ◽  
Tian Jin
Keyword(s):  
Short Range ◽  
Doppler Radar ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ultra Wideband ◽  
Detection Range ◽  
Wall Movement ◽  
Mode Decomposition ◽  
The Subject

The designed radar sensor realizes the healthcare monitoring capable of short-range to detect the chest-wall movement of the subject caused by cardiopulmonary activities, and wirelessly estimating the distance from the sensor to the subject without any devices being attached to the body. Ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) based denoise method and 1-D continuous-wavelet transform (CWT) are applied for improving on the detection SNR so that accurate respiration rate and heartbeat rate can be acquired in time domain or frequency domain with further distance. No choosing the conventional Doppler radar only able to capture the Doppler signatures due to the lack of bandwidth information as noncontact sensor, we take full advantages of ultra-wideband (UWB) impulse radar to make it low power consumed and portable conveniently, with flexible detection range and preferable accuracy. This noncontact healthcare sensor system addressed proves the commercial feasibility and vast availability of using compact impulse radar for emerging biomedical applications. Compared with traditional contact measurement devices, experimental results utilizing the 2.3 GHz bandwidth transceiver, demonstrate 100% similar results.

scholarly journals Short-Range Vital Signs Sensing Based on EEMD and CWT Using IR-UWB Radar

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xikun Hu ◽  
Tian Jin
Keyword(s):  
Doppler Radar ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ultra Wideband ◽  
Detection Range ◽  
Wall Movement ◽  
Uwb Radar ◽  
Mode Decomposition

The radar sensor described realizes healthcare monitoring capable of detecting subject chest-wall movement caused by cardiopulmonary activities, and wirelessly estimating the respiration and heartbeat rates of the subject without attaching any devices to the body. Conventional single-tone Doppler radar can only capture Doppler signatures because of a lack of bandwidth information with noncontact sensors. In contrast, we take full advantage of impulse radio ultra-wideband (IR-UWB) radar to achieve low power consumption and convenient portability, with a flexible detection range and desirable accuracy. A noise reduction method based on improved ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) and a vital sign separation method based on the continuous-wavelet transform (CWT) are proposed jointly to improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in order to acquire accurate respiration and heartbeat rates. Experimental results illustrate that respiration and heartbeat signals can be extracted accurately under different conditions. This noncontact healthcare sensor system proves the commercial feasibility and considerable accessibility of using compact IR-UWB radar for emerging biomedical applications.

scholarly journals Short-Range Vital Signs Sensing Based on EEMD and CWT Using IR-UWB Radar

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xikun Hu ◽  
Tian Jin
Keyword(s):  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ultra Wideband ◽  
Detection Range ◽  
Wall Movement ◽  
Uwb Radar ◽  
Mode Decomposition ◽  
Healthcare Monitoring

The radar sensor described realizes healthcare monitoring capable of detecting subject chest-wall movement caused by cardiopulmonary activities, and wirelessly estimating the respiration and heartbeat rates of the subject without attaching any devices to the body. No conventional Doppler only can capture Doppler signatures because of a lack of bandwidth information with noncontact sensors. In contrast, we take full advantages of impulse radio ultra-wideband (IR-UWB) radar to achieve low power consumption and convenient portability, with a flexible detection range and desirable accuracy. A noise reduction method based on improved ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) and a vital sign separation method based on continuous-wavelet transform (CWT) are proposed jointly to improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in order to acquire accurate respiration and heartbeat rates. This noncontact healthcare sensor system proves the commercial feasibility and considerable accessibility of using compact IR-UWB radar for emerging biomedical applications. Compared with traditional contact measurement devices, experimental results utilizing a 2.3 GHz bandwidth transceiver, demonstrate 100% similar results.

scholarly journals A Novel Signal Separation and De-Noising Technique for Doppler Radar Vital Signal Detection

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (21) ◽  
pp. 4751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoling Li ◽  
Bin Liu ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
Jiawei Li ◽  
Jiarui Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signal Detection ◽  
Spectrum Analysis ◽  
Doppler Radar ◽  
Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition ◽  
Sample Entropy ◽  
Signal Separation ◽  
Radar Signal ◽  
Intrinsic Mode Functions ◽  
Mode Decomposition ◽  
Adaptive Noise

Doppler radar for monitoring vital signals is an emerging tool, and how to remove the noise during the detection process and reconstruct the accurate respiration and heartbeat signals are hot issues in current research. In this paper, a novel radar vital signal separation and de-noising technique based on improved complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (ICEEMDAN), sample entropy (SampEn), and wavelet threshold is proposed. First, the noisy radar signal was decomposed into a series of intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) using ICEEMDAN. Then, each IMF was analyzed using SampEn to find out the first few IMFs containing noise, and these IMFs were de-noised using the wavelet threshold. Finally, in order to extract accurate vital signals, spectrum analysis and Kullback–Leible (KL) divergence calculations were performed on all IMFs, and appropriate IMFs were selected to reconstruct respiration and heartbeat signals. Moreover, as far as we know, there is almost no previous research on radar vital signal de-noising based on the proposed technique. The effectiveness of the algorithm was verified using simulated and measured experiments. The results show that the proposed algorithm could effectively reduce the noise and was superior to the existing de-noising technologies, which is beneficial for extracting more accurate vital signals.

scholarly journals Matrix Pencil Method for Vital Sign Detection from Signals Acquired by Microwave Sensors

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (17) ◽  
pp. 5735
Author(s):  
Somayyeh Chamaani ◽  
Alireza Akbarpour ◽  
Marko Helbig ◽  
Jürgen Sachs
Keyword(s):  
Vital Sign ◽  
Continuous Wave ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Matrix Pencil ◽  
Ultra Wideband ◽  
Frequency Resolution ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Matrix Pencil Method ◽  
Mode Decomposition ◽  
Microwave Sensors

Microwave sensors have recently been introduced as high-temporal resolution sensors, which could be used in the contactless monitoring of artery pulsation and breathing. However, accurate and efficient signal processing methods are still required. In this paper, the matrix pencil method (MPM), as an efficient method with good frequency resolution, is applied to back-reflected microwave signals to extract vital signs. It is shown that decomposing of the signal to its damping exponentials fulfilled by MPM gives the opportunity to separate signals, e.g., breathing and heartbeat, with high precision. A publicly online dataset (GUARDIAN), obtained by a continuous wave microwave sensor, is applied to evaluate the performance of MPM. Two methods of bandpass filtering (BPF) and variational mode decomposition (VMD) are also implemented. In addition to the GUARDIAN dataset, these methods are also applied to signals acquired by an ultra-wideband (UWB) sensor. It is concluded that when the vital sign is sufficiently strong and pure, all methods, e.g., MPM, VMD, and BPF, are appropriate for vital sign monitoring. However, in noisy cases, MPM has better performance. Therefore, for non-contact microwave vital sign monitoring, which is usually subject to noisy situations, MPM is a powerful method.

BREATHING PATTERN RECOGNITION OF ABDOMINAL WALL MOVEMENT BY USING ENSEMBLE EMPIRICAL MODE DECOMPOSITION

2014 ◽  
Vol 06 (01) ◽  
pp. 1450002 ◽  
Author(s):  
YA-CHEN CHEN ◽  
TZU-CHIEN HSIAO ◽  
JU-HSIN HSU ◽  
JIN-LONG CHEN
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Mode Decomposition ◽  
Breathing Pattern ◽  
Recognition Rate ◽  
Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition ◽  
Feature Extraction Method ◽  
Statistical Representation ◽  
Wall Movement ◽  
Mode Decomposition ◽  
Abdominal Breathing ◽  
Physiological Benefits

Thoracic breathing (TB), abdominal breathing (AB), and mixing breathing are common respiratory functions. Individuals usually breathe thoracically, whereas the breathing pattern of AB is vague. Despite the statistical representation of the physiological benefits of AB, coping with a time-variant environment still remains challenging. Therefore, based on ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD), this study compares the identification types of using R value, power proportion, and modified significant test (MST). Respiratory maneuver of 26 subjects results that MST varied with a paced breathing frequency is the highest accurate recognition rate of TB (80.8% in 0.2 Hz and 88.5% in 0.1 Hz) and of AB (73.1% in 0.2 and 0.1 Hz). Results of this study demonstrate that EEMD is an adaptive algorithm to decompose respiratory movement. Furthermore, MST is a highly promising feature extraction method for breathing type recognition.

scholarly journals Non-Contact SpO2 Prediction System Based on a Digital Camera

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 4255
Author(s):  
Ali Al-Naji ◽  
Ghaidaa A. Khalid ◽  
Jinan F. Mahdi ◽  
Javaan Chahl
Keyword(s):  
Digital Camera ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Blood Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Mode Decomposition ◽  
Error Ratio ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Pulse Oximeters ◽  
Good Agreement

Patients with the COVID-19 condition require frequent and accurate blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) monitoring. The existing pulse oximeters, however, require contact-based measurement using clips or otherwise fixed sensor units or need dedicated hardware which may cause inconvenience and involve additional appointments with the patient. This study proposes a computer vision-based system using a digital camera to measure SpO2 on the basis of the imaging photoplethysmography (iPPG) signal extracted from the human’s forehead without the need for restricting the subject or physical contact. The proposed camera-based system decomposes the iPPG obtained from the red and green channels into different signals with different frequencies using a signal decomposition technique based on a complete Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD) technique and Independent Component Analysis (ICA) technique to obtain the optical properties from these wavelengths and frequency channels. The proposed system is convenient, contactless, safe and cost-effective. The preliminary results for 70 videos obtained from 14 subjects of different ages and with different skin tones showed that the red and green wavelengths could be used to estimate SpO2 with good agreement and low error ratio compared to the gold standard of pulse oximetry (SA210) with a fixed measurement position.

scholarly journals Wireless Body Sensor Communication Systems Based on UWB and IBC Technologies: State-of-the-Art and Open Challenges

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 3587
Author(s):  
Ivana Čuljak ◽  
Željka Lučev Vasić ◽  
Hrvoje Mihaldinec ◽  
Hrvoje Džapo
Keyword(s):  
Communication Systems ◽  
Short Range ◽  
Ieee 802.15.4 ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Ultra Wideband ◽  
Body Area ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Wireless Interfaces ◽  
User Friendly

In recent years there has been an increasing need for miniature, low-cost, commercially accessible, and user-friendly sensor solutions for wireless body area networks (WBAN), which has led to the adoption of new physical communication interfaces providing distinctive advantages over traditional wireless technologies. Ultra-wideband (UWB) and intrabody communication (IBC) have been the subject of intensive research in recent years due to their promising characteristics as means for short-range, low-power, and low-data-rate wireless interfaces for interconnection of various sensors and devices placed on, inside, or in the close vicinity of the human body. The need for safe and standardized solutions has resulted in the development of two relevant standards, IEEE 802.15.4 (for UWB) and IEEE 802.15.6 (for UWB and IBC), respectively. This paper presents an in-depth overview of recent studies and advances in the field of application of UWB and IBC technologies for wireless body sensor communication systems.

scholarly journals Non-Contact Vital Signs Monitoring of Dog and Cat Using a UWB Radar

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengfei Wang ◽  
Yangyang Ma ◽  
Fulai Liang ◽  
Yang Zhang ◽  
Xiao Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Health Assessment ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Noise Removal ◽  
Ultra Wideband ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Vital Signs Monitoring ◽  
Mode Decomposition ◽  
Wideband Radar

As pets are considered members of the family, their health has received widespread attention. Since pets cannot talk and complain when they feel uncomfortable, monitoring vital signs becomes very helpful in disease detection, as well as observing their progression and response to treatment. In this study, we proposed an ultra-wideband radar-based, non-contact animal vital sign monitoring scheme that could monitor the breathing and heart rate of a pet in real-time. The primary advantage of the ultra-wideband radar was its ability to operate remotely without electrodes or wires and through any clothing or fur. Because of the existing noise and clutter in non-contact detection, background noise removal was applied. Furthermore, the respiration rate was directly obtained through spectrum analysis, while the heartbeat signal was extracted by the variational mode decomposition algorithm. By using electrocardiogram measurements, we verified the accuracy of the radar technology in detecting the anesthetized animals’ respiratory rate and heart rate. Besides, three beagles and five cats in a non-sedated state were measured by radar and contact pressure sensors simultaneously; the experimental results showed that radar could effectively measure the respiration of cats and dogs, and the accuracy rate was over 95%. Due to its excellent performance, the proposed method has the potential to become a new choice in application scenarios, such as pet sleep monitoring and health assessment.

A Concurrent Dual-Beam Phased-Array Doppler Radar Using MIMO Beamforming Techniques for Short-Range Vital-Signs Monitoring

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 2390-2404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehrdad Nosrati ◽  
Shahram Shahsavari ◽  
Sanghoon Lee ◽  
Hua Wang ◽  
Negar Tavassolian
Keyword(s):  
Short Range ◽  
Phased Array ◽  
Doppler Radar ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Vital Signs Monitoring ◽  
Dual Beam ◽  
Mimo Beamforming

Diaghilev and British Writing

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-92
Author(s):  
Susan Jones
Keyword(s):  
Visual Arts ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Literary Responses ◽  
Literary Aesthetics ◽  
Ballets Russes ◽  
The Arts ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Opening Up

This article explores the diversity of British literary responses to Diaghilev's project, emphasising the way in which the subject matter and methodologies of Diaghilev's modernism were sometimes unexpectedly echoed in expressions of contemporary British writing. These discussions emerge both in writing about Diaghilev's work, and, more discretely, when references to the Russian Ballet find their way into the creative writing of the period, serving to anchor the texts in a particular cultural milieu or to suggest contemporary aesthetic problems in the domain of literary aesthetics developing in the period. Figures from disparate fields, including literature, music and the visual arts, brought to their criticism of the Ballets Russes their individual perspectives on its aesthetics, helping to consolidate the sense of its importance in contributing to the inter-disciplinary flavour of modernism across the arts. In the field of literature, not only did British writers evaluate the Ballets Russes in terms of their own poetics, their relationship to experimentation in the novel and in drama, they developed an increasing sense of the company's place in dance history, its choreographic innovations offering material for wider discussions, opening up the potential for literary modernism's interest in impersonality and in the ‘unsayable’, discussions of the body, primitivism and gender.

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