scholarly journals The RUNE Experiment–A Database of Remote-Sensing Observations of Near-Shore Winds

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rogier Floors ◽  
Alfredo Peña ◽  
Guillaume Lea ◽  
Nikola Vasiljevic ◽  
Elliot Simon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Floating Platform ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Experimental Campaign ◽  
Lidar Measurements ◽  
Vertical Profiling ◽  
Near Shore ◽  
Scanning Lidar ◽  
Scanning Strategies ◽  
Wind Resource ◽  
Good Agreement

We present a comprehensive database of near-shore wind observations that were carried out during the experimental campaign of the RUNE project. RUNE aims at reducing the uncertainty of the near-shore wind resource estimates from model outputs by using lidar, ocean, and satellite observations. Here we concentrate in describing the lidar measurements. The campaign was conducted from November 2015 to February 2016 at the west coast of Denmark and comprises measurements from eight lidars, an ocean buoy and three types of satellites. The wind speed was  estimated based on measurements from a scanning lidar performing PPIs, two scanning lidars performing dual synchronized scans, and five vertical profiling lidars, of which one was operating offshore on a floating platform. The availability of measurements is highest for the profiling lidars, followed by the lidar performing PPIs, those peforming the dual setup, and the lidar buoy. Analysis of the lidar measurements reveals good agreement between the estimated 10-m wind speeds, although the instruments used different scanning strategies and measured different volumes in the atmosphere. The campaign is characterized by strong westerlies with occasional storms.

scholarly journals Very short-term forecast of near-coastal flow using scanning lidars

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Valldecabres ◽  
Alfredo Peña ◽  
Michael Courtney ◽  
Lueder von Bremen ◽  
Martin Kühn
Keyword(s):  
Arima Model ◽  
Atmospheric Stability ◽  
Lead Times ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Lidar Measurements ◽  
Wind Measurements ◽  
Scanning Lidar ◽  
Coastal Flow

Abstract. Wind measurements can reduce the uncertainty in the prediction of wind energy production. Nowadays, commercially available scanning lidars can scan the atmosphere up to several kilometres. Here, we use lidar measurements to forecast near-coastal winds with lead times of five minutes. Using Taylor's frozen turbulence hypothesis together with local topographic corrections, we demonstrate that wind speeds at a downstream position can be forecast by using measurements from a scanning lidar performed upstream in a very short-term horizon. The study covers ten periods characterized by neutral and stable atmospheric conditions. Our methodology shows smaller forecasting errors than those of the persistence method and the ARIMA model. We discuss the applicability of this forecasting technique with regards to the characteristics of the lidar trajectories, the site-specific conditions and the atmospheric stability.

scholarly journals Combined wind measurements by two different lidar instruments in the Arctic middle atmosphere

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 4123-4156 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Hildebrand ◽  
G. Baumgarten ◽  
J. Fiedler ◽  
U.-P. Hoppe ◽  
B. Kaifler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Atmosphere ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Horizontal Wind ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Wind Component ◽  
Lower Altitude ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Lidar Measurements ◽  
Wind Measurements ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract. During a joint campaign in January 2009 the Rayleigh/Mie/Raman (RMR) lidar and the sodium lidar at the ALOMAR Observatory (69° N, 16° E) in Northern Norway were operated simultaneously for more than 40 h, collecting data for wind measurements in the middle atmosphere from 30 up to 110 km altitude. At the upper (lower) altitude range where the RMR (sodium) lidar can operate, both lidars probe the same sounding volume, allowing to compare the derived wind speeds. We present the first simultaneous common volume wind measurements in the middle atmosphere using two different lidar instruments. The comparison of winds derived by RMR and sodium lidar is excellent for long integration times of 10 h as well as shorter ones of 1 h. Combination of data from both lidars allows identifying wavy structures between 30 and 110 km altitude, whose amplitudes increase with height. We have also performed lidar measurements of the same wind component using two independent branches of the RMR lidar and found a good agreement of the results but also identified inhomogeneities in the horizontal wind at about 55 km altitude of up to 20 ms−1. Such small scale inhomogeneities in the horizontal wind field are an essential challenge when comparing data from different instruments.

scholarly journals Multi-lidar wind resource mapping in complex terrain

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 1059-1073 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Menke ◽  
Nikola Vasiljević ◽  
Johannes Wagner ◽  
Steven P. Oncley ◽  
Jakob Mann
Keyword(s):  
Complex Terrain ◽  
Forest Canopy ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Surface Drag ◽  
Flow Models ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Eddy Simulation ◽  
Lidar Measurements ◽  
Wind Resource ◽  
Wind Resources

Abstract. Scanning Doppler lidars have great potential for reducing uncertainty of wind resource estimation in complex terrain. Due to their scanning capabilities, they can measure at multiple locations over large areas. We demonstrate this ability with dual-Doppler lidar measurements of flow over two parallel ridges. The data have been collected using two pairs of scanning lidars operated in a dual-Doppler mode during the Perdigão 2017 measurement campaign. There the scanning lidars mapped the flow 80 m above ground level along two ridges, which are considered favorable for wind turbine siting. The measurements are validated with sonic wind measurements at each ridge. By analyzing the collected data, we found that wind speeds are on average 10 % higher over the southwest ridge compared to the northeast ridge. At the southwest ridge, the data show, for approach flow normal to the ridge, a change of 20 % in wind speed along the ridge. Fine differences like these are difficult to reproduce with computational flow models, as we demonstrate by comparing the lidar measurements with Weather Research and Forecasting large-eddy simulation (WRF-LES) results. For the measurement period, we have simulated the flow over the site using WRF-LES to compare how well the model can capture wind resources along the ridges. We used two model configurations. In the first configuration, surface drag is based purely on aerodynamic roughness, whereas in the second configuration forest canopy drag is also considered. We found that simulated winds are underestimated in WRF-LES runs with forest drag due to an unrealistic forest distribution on the ridge tops. The correlation of simulated and observed winds is, however, improved when the forest parameterization is applied. WRF-LES results without forest drag overestimated the wind resources over the southwest and northeast ridges by 6.5 % and 4.5 %, respectively. Overall, this study demonstrates the ability of scanning lidars to map wind resources in complex terrain.

scholarly journals Advancing Wind Resource Assessment in Complex Terrain with Scanning Lidar Measurements

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3280
Author(s):  
Julia Gottschall ◽  
Alkistis Papetta ◽  
Hassan Kassem ◽  
Paul Julian Meyer ◽  
Linda Schrempf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Complex Terrain ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Numerical Data ◽  
Resource Assessment ◽  
Flow Models ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Scanning Lidar ◽  
Wind Lidar ◽  
Wind Resource

The planning and realization of wind energy projects requires an as accurate and precise wind resource estimation as possible. Standard procedures combine shorter on-site measurements with the application of numerical models. The uncertainties of the numerical data generated from these models are, particularly in complex onshore terrain, not just rather high but typically not well quantified. In this article we propose a methodology for using a single scanning Doppler wind lidar device to calibrate the output data of a numerical flow model and with this not just quantify but potentially also reduce the uncertainties of the final wind resource estimate. The scanning lidar is configured to perform Plan Position Indicator (PPI) scans and the numerical flow data are projected onto this geometry. Deviations of the derived from the recorded line-of-sight wind speeds are used to identify deficiencies of the model and as starting point for an improvement and tuning. The developed methodology is demonstrated based on a study for a site in moderately complex terrain in central Germany and using two rather different types of numerical flow models. The findings suggest that the use of the methodology and the introduced scanning wind lidar technology offers a promising opportunity to control the uncertainty of the applied flow models, which can otherwise only be estimated very roughly.

scholarly journals Characterization of flow recirculation zones at the Perdigão site using multi-lidar measurements

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 2713-2723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Menke ◽  
Nikola Vasiljević ◽  
Jakob Mann ◽  
Julie K. Lundquist
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Flow ◽  
Atmospheric Stability ◽  
Resource Assessment ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Recirculation Flow ◽  
Flow Recirculation ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Lidar Measurements ◽  
Recirculation Zones ◽  
Wind Resource

Abstract. Because flow recirculation can generate significant amounts of turbulence, it can impact the success of wind energy projects. This study uses unique Doppler lidar observations to quantify occurrences of flow recirculation on lee sides of ridges. An extensive dataset of observations of flow over complex terrain is available from the Perdigão 2017 field campaign over a period of 3 months. The campaign site was selected because of the unique terrain feature of two nearly parallel ridges with a valley-to-ridge-top height difference of about 200 m and a ridge-to-ridge distance of 1.4 km. Six scanning Doppler lidars probed the flow field in several vertical planes orthogonal to the ridges using range–height indicator scans. With this lidar setup, we achieved vertical scans of the recirculation zone at three positions along two parallel ridges. We construct a method to identify flow recirculation zones in the scans, as well as define characteristics of these zones. According to our data analysis, flow recirculation, with reverse flow wind speeds greater than 0.5 m s−1, occurs over 50 % of the time when the wind direction is perpendicular to the direction of the ridges. Atmospheric conditions, such as atmospheric stability and wind speed, affect the occurrence of flow recirculation. Flow recirculation occurs more frequently during periods with wind speeds above 8 m s−1. Recirculation within the valley affects the mean wind and turbulence fields at turbine heights on the downwind ridge in magnitudes significant for wind resource assessment.

scholarly journals Analysis of control-oriented wake modeling tools using lidar field results

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 819-831 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Annoni ◽  
Paul Fleming ◽  
Andrew Scholbrock ◽  
Jason Roadman ◽  
Scott Dana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lidar Data ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Modeling Tools ◽  
Technology Center ◽  
Lidar Measurements ◽  
Scanning Lidar ◽  
Utility Scale ◽  
Turbine Wake ◽  
Good Agreement ◽  
Plant Control

Abstract. The objective of this paper is to compare field data from a scanning lidar mounted on a turbine to control-oriented wind turbine wake models. The measurements were taken from the turbine nacelle looking downstream at the turbine wake. This field campaign was used to validate control-oriented tools used for wind plant control and optimization. The National Wind Technology Center in Golden, CO, conducted a demonstration of wake steering on a utility-scale turbine. In this campaign, the turbine was operated at various yaw misalignment set points, while a lidar mounted on the nacelle scanned five downstream distances. Primarily, this paper examines measurements taken at 2.35 diameters downstream of the turbine. The lidar measurements were combined with turbine data and measurements of the inflow made by a highly instrumented meteorological mast on-site. This paper presents a quantitative analysis of the lidar data compared to the control-oriented wake models used under different atmospheric conditions and turbine operation. These results show that good agreement is obtained between the lidar data and the models under these different conditions.

Hub height optimisation of commercial WTGs based on accurate wind resource analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 0309524X2110227
Author(s):  
Kyle O Roberts ◽  
Nawaz Mahomed
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Capacity Factor ◽  
Resource Analysis ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Unique Maximum ◽  
Wind Measurements ◽  
Generation Capacity ◽  
Wind Resource

Wind turbine selection and optimal hub height positioning are crucial elements of wind power projects. However, in higher class wind speeds especially, over-exposure of wind turbines can lead to a reduction in power generation capacity. In this study, wind measurements from a met mast were validated according to specifications issued by IRENA and NREL. As a first step, it is shown that commercial WTGs from a database may be matched to the wind class and turbulence intensity. Secondly, a wind turbine selection algorithm, based on maximisation of capacity factor, was implemented across the range of WTGs. The selected WTGs were further exposed to an iterative algorithm using pointwise air density and wind shear coefficients. It is shown that a unique maximum capacity factor, and hence wind power generation, exists for a wind turbine, premised on its eventual over-exposure to the wind resource above a certain hub height.

Preliminary results from scanning lidar measurements of stack plumes during winter/summer

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin B. Strawbridge ◽  
Michael Travis ◽  
Michael G. Harwood
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Lidar Measurements ◽  
Scanning Lidar

scholarly journals Assessment of Resource and Forecast Modeling of Wind Speed through An Evolutionary Programming Approach for the North of Tehuantepec Isthmus (Cuauhtemotzin, Mexico)

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis López-Manrique ◽  
E. Macias-Melo ◽  
O. May Tzuc ◽  
A. Bassam ◽  
K. Aguilar-Castro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Computation Time ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Bimodal Distribution ◽  
Programming Approach ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Availability Analysis ◽  
The North ◽  
Wind Resource

This work studies the characteristics of the wind resource for a location in the north zone of Tehuantepec isthmus. The study was conducted using climatic data from Cuauhtemotzin, Mexico, measured at different altitudes above the ground level. The measured data allowed establishing the profile of wind speeds as well as the analysis of its availability. Analysis results conclude that the behavior of the wind speed presents a bimodal distribution with dominant northeast wind direction (wind flow of sea–land). In addition, the area was identified as feasible for the use of low speed power wind turbines. On the other hand, the application of a new approach for very short-term wind speed forecast (10 min) applying multi-gene genetic programming and global sensitivity analysis is also presented. Using a computational methodology, an exogenous time series with fast computation time and good accuracy was developed for the forecast of the wind speed. The results presented in this work complement the panorama for the evaluation of the resource in an area recognized worldwide for its vast potential for wind power.

scholarly journals Wind Estimation in the Lower Atmosphere Using Multirotor Aircraft

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 1183-1191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross T. Palomaki ◽  
Nathan T. Rose ◽  
Michael van den Bossche ◽  
Thomas J. Sherman ◽  
Stephan F. J. De Wekker
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Sonic Anemometer ◽  
Unmanned Aircraft ◽  
Lower Atmosphere ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Atmospheric Structure ◽  
Structure And Dynamics ◽  
Sonic Anemometers ◽  
Vertical Profiling ◽  
Good Agreement

AbstractUnmanned aerial vehicles are increasingly used to study atmospheric structure and dynamics. While much emphasis has been on the development of fixed-wing unmanned aircraft for atmospheric investigations, the use of multirotor aircraft is relatively unexplored, especially for capturing atmospheric winds. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate the efficacy of estimating wind speed and direction with 1) a direct approach using a sonic anemometer mounted on top of a hexacopter and 2) an indirect approach using attitude data from a quadcopter. The data are collected by the multirotor aircraft hovering 10 m above ground adjacent to one or more sonic anemometers. Wind speed and direction show good agreement with sonic anemometer measurements in the initial experiments. Typical errors in wind speed and direction are smaller than 0.5 and 30°, respectively. Multirotor aircraft provide a promising alternative to traditional platforms for vertical profiling in the atmospheric boundary layer, especially in conditions where a tethered balloon system is typically deployed.

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