Psychosocial and Clinical Predictors of Attempted Suicide, Hopelessness and Non-Suicidal Self-Injury in Adolescents on Venlafaxine

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saad Salman ◽  
Fahad Hassan Shah ◽  
Jawaria Idrees ◽  
Ameerzada Khan ◽  
Muniba Tariq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Predictors ◽  
Family Responsibilities ◽  
Self Injury ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
History Of ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Parental Marriage ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts And Behaviors

Suicide and self-harm are very common among adolescents, especially females in western and Asian countries. The Psychosocial predictors, along with hopelessness and non-suicidal harm, have not been studied properly before. Therefore, there is a need to address these issues. The objective of the study was to ascertain the psychosocial and clinical features predicting suicide attempts and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) in adolescents with major depression in Pakistan. The Methodology comprised of Adolescent patients (n = 121) with major depressive disorder who were hospitalized in the LRH (Lady Reading Hospital), Peshawar. The patient’s clinical symptoms, family role (family responsibilities), quality of life, physical health and relationship with friends and family members were evaluated. Participants’ suicidal thoughts and behaviors and NSSI (self-inflicted, deliberate self-harm with no intent of suicide) were analyzed and assessed during hospitalization and followed up for 28 weeks. Poor family functions, as well as family problems and social problems, were the causative agents for adolescent’s high suicidality and non-suicidal self-harm. A history of Non-suicidal self-harm treatment is a clinical marker for suicidality. The previous suicidal attempts should be evaluated in depressed juvenile patients as indicators of future suicidal intent and behavior. Both suicidal and NSSI during the therapy and after treatment persisted in depressed adolescents who participated in the study. Major causes of suicide among our study participants were lost friend(s), drug abuse, living alone or not living with the family, disturbed parental marriage, sexual abuse, and other domestic problems.

Non-suicidal self-injury prevalence, course, and association with suicidal thoughts and behaviors in two large, representative samples of US Army soldiers

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (09) ◽  
pp. 1470-1480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brianna J. Turner ◽  
Evan M. Kleiman ◽  
Matthew K. Nock
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Externalizing Disorders ◽  
Active Duty ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts ◽  
Us Army ◽  
Self Injury ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
Army Soldiers ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts And Behaviors

AbstractBackgroundNon-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) prospectively predicts suicidal thoughts and behaviors in civilian populations. Despite high rates of suicide among US military members, little is known about the prevalence and course of NSSI, or how NSSI relates to suicidal thoughts and behaviors, in military personnel.MethodsWe conducted secondary analyses of two representative surveys of active-duty soldiers (N = 21 449) and newly enlisted soldiers (N = 38 507) from the Army Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Servicemembers (Army STARRS).ResultsThe lifetime prevalence of NSSI is 6.3% (1.2% 12-month prevalence) in active-duty soldiers and 7.9% (1.3% 12-month prevalence) in new soldiers. Demographic risk factors for lifetime NSSI include female sex, younger age, non-Hispanic white ethnicity, never having married, and lower educational attainment. The association of NSSI with temporally primary internalizing and externalizing disorders varies by service history (new v. active-duty soldiers) and gender (men v. women). In both active-duty and new soldiers, NSSI is associated with increased odds of subsequent onset of suicidal ideation [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.66–1.81] and suicide attempts (adjusted OR = 2.02–2.43), although not with the transition from ideation to attempt (adjusted OR = 0.92–1.36). Soldiers with a history of NSSI are more likely to have made multiple suicide attempts, compared with soldiers without NSSI.ConclusionsNSSI is prevalent among US Army soldiers and is associated with significantly increased odds of later suicidal thoughts and behaviors, even after NSSI has resolved. Suicide risk assessments in military populations should screen for history of NSSI.

scholarly journals Neuropsychological Functioning in Prisoners with and Without Self-Injurious Behaviors

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (11) ◽  
pp. 1103-1114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret S. Andover ◽  
Heather T. Schatten ◽  
Donna M. Crossman ◽  
Peter J. Donovick
Keyword(s):  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Neuropsychological Functioning ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Motor Functioning ◽  
Self Injury ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
History Of ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Male Prisoners

Neuropsychological functioning has not yet been investigated among prisoners who engage in self-injurious behaviors, specifically attempted suicide and nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI). The purpose of this study was to investigate neuropsychological functioning in prisoners with and without histories of NSSI and attempted suicide. The sample consisted of 173 male prisoners referred for neuropsychological evaluation. Of participants, 56% reported a history of self-injury. Performance on the neuropsychological domains of intelligence, memory, attention, motor functioning, and executive functioning was assessed. No group differences were found among those with NSSI, with NSSI and suicide attempts, and with no history of deliberate self-harm, although functioning was poor in all domains. Implications of the high prevalence of self-injury in this prison sample, as well as implications of impaired functioning on the treatment of self-injurious behaviors, are discussed.

Identifying Suicide Typologies Among Trauma-Exposed Veterans

Crisis ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 288-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Bounoua ◽  
Jasmeet P. Hayes ◽  
Naomi Sadeh
Keyword(s):  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Risky Behaviors ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Research Priority ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
And Behaviors

Abstract. Background: Suicide among veterans has increased in recent years, making the identification of those at greatest risk for self-injurious behavior a high research priority. Aims: We investigated whether affective impulsivity and risky behaviors distinguished typologies of self-injurious thoughts and behaviors in a sample of trauma-exposed veterans. Method: A total of 95 trauma-exposed veterans (ages 21–55; 87% men) completed self-report measures of self-injurious thoughts and behaviors, impulsivity, and clinical symptoms. Results: A latent profile analysis produced three classes that differed in suicidal ideation, suicide attempts and nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI): A low class that reported little to no self-injurious thoughts or behaviors; a self-injurious thoughts (ST) class that endorsed high levels of ideation but no self-harm behaviors; and a self-injurious thoughts and behaviors (STaB) class that reported ideation, suicide attempts and NSSI. Membership in the STaB class was associated with greater affective impulsivity, disinhibition, and distress/arousal than the other two classes. Limitations: Limitations include an overrepresentation of males in our sample, the cross-sectional nature of the data, and reliance on self-report measures. Conclusion: Findings point to affective impulsivity and risky behaviors as important characteristics of veterans who engage in self-injurious behaviors.

scholarly journals Lifetime prevalence of non-suicidal self-injury in patients with eating disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (7) ◽  
pp. 1345-1358 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Cucchi ◽  
D. Ryan ◽  
G. Konstantakopoulos ◽  
S. Stroumpa ◽  
A. Ş. Kaçar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Lifetime History ◽  
Self Injury ◽  
History Of ◽  
Meta Analyses

BackgroundAgainst a backdrop of increasing research, clinical and taxonomic attention in non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), evidence suggests a link between NSSI and eating disorders (ED). The frequency estimates of NSSI in ED vary widely. Little is known about the sources of this variation, and no meta-analysis has quantified the association between ED and NSSI.MethodUsing random-effects meta-analyses, meta-regression analyses, and 1816–6466 unique participants with various ED, we estimated the weighted average percentage of individuals with ED, those with anorexia nervosa (AN) and those with bulimia nervosa (BN) who are reported to have a lifetime history of NSSI across studies. We further examined predictors of NSSI in ED.ResultsThe weighted average percentage of patients with a lifetime history of NSSI was 27.3% [95% confidence interval (CI) 23.8–31.0%] for ED, 21.8% (95% CI 18.5–25.6%) for AN, and 32.7% (95% CI 26.9–39.1%) for BN. The difference between BN and AN was statistically significant [odds ratio (OR) 1.77, 95% CI 1.14–2.77, p = 0.013]. The odds of NSSI increased by 24% for every 10% increase in the percentage of participants with histories of suicide attempts (OR 1.24, 95% CI 1.04–1.48, p = 0.020) and decreased by 26% for every 10% increase in the percentage of participants with histories of substance abuse (OR 0.74, 95% CI 0.58–0.95, p = 0.023).ConclusionsIn the specific context of ED, NSSI is highly prevalent and correlates positively with attempted suicide, urging for NSSI-focused treatments. A novel finding is that NSSI is potentially antagonized by substance abuse.

Suicide in prisons and remand centres

2021 ◽  
pp. 227-232
Author(s):  
Marco Sarchiapone ◽  
Miriam Iosue
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Individual Vulnerability ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Prevention Programmes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
High Level

Suicide is one of the most common causes of death in custodial settings worldwide, accounting for around 10% of prisoners’ deaths. Suicide attempts and suicidal ideation are also more common among prisoners compared to the general population. The high prevalence of suicidal behaviours among prisoners is likely the result of a complex interaction between individual vulnerability and the high level of stress and deprivation caused by the condition of confinement. Among prisoners and inmates, the prevalence of well-established suicide risk factors, such as a history of self-harm, psychopathological conditions, aggressive personality traits, and childhood trauma, is higher than in the general population. Moreover, the loss of freedom and autonomy, social isolation, lack of purposeful activity, and victimization are prison-specific stressors that showed to increase the suicide risk among inmates. Given this complexity, comprehensive multifactored prevention programmes involving the administrative, custodial, and clinical staff are the most effective in preventing suicide.

scholarly journals 109 Near-fatal suicide attempts among Canadian Youth: A CPSP Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. e45-e45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Mitchell ◽  
Cornelius Ani ◽  
James Irvine ◽  
Claude Cyr ◽  
Ari Joffe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Mental Health Care ◽  
Family Conflict ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Suicide Mortality ◽  
Prevention Interventions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Self Harm

Abstract Background Suicide is the second leading cause of death among Canadian adolescents. Youth who make near fatal suicide attempts, such as those requiring intensive care unit (ICU) level care, are the closest proxy to those that die by suicide; however, there is limited data on this group. Objectives To evaluate the minimum incidence rate and patterns of presentation of youth (under 18 years of age) admitted to the ICU for medically serious self-inflicted injury. Design/Methods From January 2017 to December 2018, over 2,700 paediatricians/subspecialist members of the Canadian Paediatric Surveillance Program were electronically surveyed on a monthly basis regarding cases of medically serious self-harm. Participants completed a detailed questionnaire about the reported case and descriptive statistics were used for analyses. Results Ninety-four cases (71 female; mean age 15.2 years) of confirmed (n=87) and suspected/probable (n=7) medically serious self-harm were reported. The majority (87%) of cases were reported from 4 out of 13 provinces and territories in Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Ontario, Quebec). There were 11 deaths by suicide (M>F; p<.05). Medication ingestion was the most common method of self-harm among females (76% F vs. 52% M; p=.03) compared with hanging among males (14% F vs. 39% M; p=.009). More females than males had a prior suicide attempt (62% F vs. 32% M; p=.07) and a history of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) (65% F vs. 14% M; p<.05), although only history of NSSI reached significance. More females than males had a past psychiatric diagnosis (77% F vs. 55% M; p=.05), and past use of mental health services (69% F vs. 30% M; p<.001), although only service use reached significance. Half of the youth left evidence of intent (54%) and 33% of parents of included youth were aware that their child was considering suicide. Family conflict was the most common precipitating factor for suicide attempt in both females and males (46%). Conclusion These Canadian findings are consistent with international epidemiologic data that observe a gender paradox of higher rates of suicide attempts in females and greater mental health care engagement but increased suicide mortality in males with decreased involvement with mental health care. This study suggests that family conflict is a potential target for suicide prevention interventions among youth. Future research focusing on gender-specificity in risk factor identification and effectiveness of primary prevention interventions among youth is warranted.

scholarly journals Influencing Factors of Multiple Adverse Outcomes Among Schizophrenia Patients Using Count Regression Models: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lichang Chen ◽  
Wenyan Tan ◽  
Xiao Lin ◽  
Haicheng Lin ◽  
Junyan Xi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Violent Crime ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Different Types ◽  
History Of ◽  
Self Harm

Abstract Background: Schizophrenia patients have increased risks of several adverse outcomes, including violent crime, aggressiveness and suicide. However, studies of different adverse outcomes in the same population are rare and the influencing factors for these outcomes need clarification by appropriate models. This study aimed to identify influencing factors of these adverse outcomes by examining and comparing different count regression models.Methods: This study included schizophrenia patients who had at least once follow-up record in the Guangdong Mental Health Center Network Medical System during 2020. Three types of adverse outcomes including a) aggressiveness with police dispatch or violence crime, b) aggressiveness without police dispatch, and c) self-harm or suicide attempts. First, we investigated the incidence of these adverse outcomes in each type. Second, the Poisson, negative binomial (NB), zero-inflated Poisson (ZIP), and zero-inflated negative binomial (ZINB) regression models were fitted and compared for their intensity. Finally, We analysed associations between these adverse outcomes intensity and sociodemographic, clinical factors with the best model. Results: A total of 130474 schizophrenia patients were selected. Each type of adverse outcomes was reported by less than 1% of schizophrenia patients in 2020. NB regression model is the best model for fitting the number of aggressiveness without police dispatch because of the best goodness of fit and relatively simple interpretation, whereas ZINB models for the other two outcomes. Age, sex, and history of adverse outcomes were influencing factors shared across these adverse outcomes. Higher educational level, employment were protective factors shared between aggressiveness with police dispatch or violent crime , and aggressiveness without police dispatch. Aggressiveness without police dispatch , and self-harm or suicide attempts shared older onset age (≥18 years) as a risk factor. Family history of mental disease was a risk factor of self-harm or suicide attempts individually.Conclusions: NB and ZINB models were selected for fitting the number of adverse outcomes in our studies. Influencing factors for adverse outcomes intensity included both those shared across different types and those individual to specific types. Therefore, combined and customized tools in risk assessment and intervention for different types of these outcomes might be necessary.

scholarly journals Within-Person Fluctuations of Non-Suicidal Self-Injury and Implicit Associations: An Ecological Momentary Assessment of Suicide and Self-Harm Risk.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Models ◽  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Implicit Associations ◽  
Self Injury ◽  
Subject Variables ◽  
History Of ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
Momentary Assessment

While a number of studies have demonstrated that those with a history of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) hold greater implicit associations toward self-harm, no study has examined how these associations change daily. The proposed study was threefold: (1) replicate prior findings that those with a history of NSSI score higher on the implicit association test (IAT), (2) explore whether NSSI-IAT scores change daily, and (3) examine how these changes in NSSI-IAT scores relate to thoughts of NSSI and suicide. A sample of eligible participants completed a series of baseline measures assessing NSSI, depression, and completed the NSSI-IAT. Participants then responded to daily prompts on their mobile device about their thoughts of NSSI and suicide and completed the NSSI-IAT daily in a laboratory. Generalized linear mixed models were conducted to assess within-person variability, as well as between-subject variables in the proposed study. Future research using the NSSI-IAT daily and assessing emotional consequences of participation in studies that use daily-prompting are discussed.

scholarly journals Suicide Ideation and Attempts among First Nations Peoples Living On-Reserve in Canada: The Intergenerational and Cumulative Effects of Indian Residential Schools

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 422-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robyn Jane McQuaid ◽  
Amy Bombay ◽  
Opal Arilla McInnis ◽  
Courtney Humeny ◽  
Kimberly Matheson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
First Nations ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Cumulative Risk ◽  
Residential Schools ◽  
Regional Health ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts And Behaviors

Objective: Suicide rates among Indigenous peoples in Canada are at least twice that of their non-Indigenous counterparts. Although contemporary stressors contribute to this increased risk, historical experiences such as the Indian Residential School (IRS) system may also have continuing links with the risk for suicidal thoughts and behaviors. The current investigation examined the intergenerational and cumulative links between familial IRS attendance in relation to lifetime suicide ideation and attempts among First Nations adults living on-reserve. Method: Data from the 2008-2010 First Nations Regional Health Survey were analyzed, and participants comprised a representative sample of First Nations adults older than 18 years (weighted N = 127,338; IRS attendees were excluded). Of those who knew their familial IRS history, 38.0% had no history of attendance, 19.3% had a grandparent who attended, 16.2% had a parent who attended, and 26.5% had a parent and grandparent who attended. Results: Exposure of one previous familial generation to the IRS experience was associated with increased risk for lifetime suicide ideation (odds ratio [OR], 1.46; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.16 to 1.84; P = 0.001) and attempts (OR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.94; P < 0.016) compared with those with no IRS history. Having 2 generations of IRS familial history was associated with greater odds of reporting a suicide attempt compared with having one generation (OR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.05 to 1.75; P = 0.022), which was reduced when current levels of distress and ideation were accounted for. Conclusion: Findings support the existence of linkages between intergenerational exposure to IRS and risk for suicidal ideation and attempts and for a potential cumulative risk in relation to suicide attempts across generations.

scholarly journals The psychometric properties and clinical utility of the Norwegian versions of the deliberate self-harm inventory and the inventory of statements about self-injury

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Vigfusdottir ◽  
Karl Yngvar Dale ◽  
Kim L. Gratz ◽  
E. David Klonsky ◽  
Egil Jonsbu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Deliberate Self Harm ◽  
Self Injury ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽  
History Of ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
High Internal Consistency

AbstractDeliberate self-harm (DSH) is a widespread transdiagnostic health problem with increasing prevalence among adolescences, and young adults. It is therefore essential to effectively chart the epidemiology of DSH, as well as to assess the efficacy of interventions designed to modify this behavior. The aim was to translate and analyze the psychometric properties of the Norwegian versions of two instruments designed to assess DSH: the Deliberate Self-harm Inventory (DSHI) and the Inventory of Statements About Self-Injury (ISAS), as well as to assess the prevalence of DSH within a nonclinical Norwegian adult population. Of the 402 participants who completed a questionnaire packet comprising the DSHI, ISAS, general questions about DSH, and other related measures, 30.6% reported some form of DSH. Those with a history of DSH reported greater difficulties with emotion regulation than those without. Participants with and without a history of DSH did not differ in unrelated constructs, including social desirability. The frequency of specific DSH behaviors was in accordance with previous research, with cutting being the most frequent. The factor structure of DSH functions in the Norwegian ISAS was generally comparable to the factor structure of the English version. Overall, results indicate that: a) the Norwegian versions of the DSHI and ISAS behave as expected and in accordance with prior research in other languages and other populations, and b) both the DSHI and ISAS have high internal consistency and adequate construct, convergent, and discriminant validity, and may be applied to evaluate DSH in adult Norwegian populations.

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