scholarly journals Influence of Incentives Measures for Green Manure Planting Adopted by Local Authorities and Farmers Perceptions of the Use of Rotational Fallow for Agricultural Sustainability in Guangxi, China

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard Ntakirutimana ◽  
Changbin Yin ◽  
Fuduo Li
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Agriculture ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Agricultural Field ◽  
Guangxi Province ◽  
Endogenous Factors ◽  
Simultaneous Equations Models ◽  
Household Members ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Sown Area

The influence of instrumental variables on farmers ‘perceptions using rotation fallow as sustainable agriculture practices had been the aim of our research. By using simultaneous equations models, this study tried to understand the relationship between green manure farmer’s perceptions on using rotation-fallow and planting green manure in Guangxi Province, south of China. The results showed that subsidizing green manure farmers based on standard subsidy by the unit of green manure sown area; the training on the green manure planting technology or the demonstration preaching; the green manure farmers preference for the kinds of subsidy (funds, seeds, and mechanical services) were the mostly great drivers of the program of restoring planting green manure in the study area. These incentives measures must be enhanced as priority to restore definitely green manure planting. However, the findings of the study showed that the total income of the 2017 year, the area of an agricultural field of household and the household members (16–65 years old), providing labor in the agricultural field, have some influences on planting green manure and on  farmer’s perceptions on using rotation-fallow as sustainable agriculture practices. Brief, the unobserved factors which influenced the endogenous factors play an important role to enhance widely the impact of farmers’ perceptions on planting green manure.

scholarly journals Selected benefits and threats arising from internet use by households and enterprises in Poland with respect to the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-28
Author(s):  
Roman Kisiel ◽  
Greta Woźnialis
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Global Network ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Network Resources ◽  
Major Threat ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Household Members ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The internet has revolutionised the world over the past half of a century, and the COVID-19 pandemic has contributed to an increase in its importance. Although the global network brings with it more advantages than disadvantages, its existence also causes certain threats which have an impact on the life of Polish households and operations of Polish enterprises. This paper is theoretical and empirical in nature. Its aim is to explore the relationship between the internet and the COVID-19 pandemic, i.e. the time household members spend online. The impact of the two factors on survival in the market was examined in the case of enterprises. Moreover, the subjectively most important benefits and threats arising from the global network consumption in the opinion of the business entities mentioned above were illustrated. According to the respondents, facilitating communication is the main advantage of the internet (33.33%), whereas the spreading of hate on the internet is the major threat associated with its use (24.17%). The main benefit derived from the global network resources by enterprises is the possibility of obtaining raw materials from the most profitable sources (28.40%), whereas the major threat identified by them is that a negative opinion published on the internet can weaken the financial standing of a company or even make it disappear from the market (55.56%). Nearly 60% of household members found themselves spending more time online during the COVID-19 pandemic. Nearly 94% of the entrepreneurs who use the internet in running their businesses admitted that it helped them to keep their business in the market during the pandemic.

scholarly journals Green Manure Planting Incentive Measures of Local Authorities and Farmers’ Perceptions of the Utilization of Rotation Fallow for Sustainable Agriculture in Guangxi, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard Ntakirutimana ◽  
Fuduo Li ◽  
Xianlei Huang ◽  
Shu Wang ◽  
Changbin Yin
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Agriculture ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Simultaneous Equation ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
Target Region ◽  
Willingness To Adopt ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Simultaneous Equation Models

Planting green manure in fallow croplands in winter can bring various economic and environmental benefits, including increased food production, carbon capture and sequestration, soil retention, sandstorm prevention, water retention, and provision of habitat for biodiversity. However, the increased production cost of planting green manure reduces farmers’ willingness to adopt this approach, which is unfavorable for its sustainability. This research aims to investigate the influence of instrumental variables on farmers’ perceptions of sustainable agriculture practices, especially the use of rotation fallow, and tries to understand the relationship between farmers’ perceptions of using rotation fallow and planting green manure under incentive measures adopted by local authorities in Guangxi Province, China. Using simultaneous equation models, the results show that subsidies and planting training were the most important drivers for restoring green manure planting in the target region. These incentive measures could be further enhanced as a priority to restore green manure planting. The study also finds that socioeconomic factors such as farmer’s income, area of farmland, and labor for agricultural production have a certain influence on planting green manure planting and on farmers’ perceptions of using rotation fallow as a form of sustainable agriculture practice.

The Impact of Institutional Credit on Agricultural Output in India: An Empirical Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 227-231
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Agricultural Credit ◽  
Agricultural Output ◽  
Perfect Correlation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Sown Area

The study attempt to analyse the relationship between gross agricultural production of various states with the institutional ed credit disbursed to these states, their net irrigated land, and net sown area based on panel data covering the period from 2000 to 2017. The study analysed the impact change in institutional credit provision, expansion of irrigational facilities, and the cultivated area on the total agricultural production. The results suggested that irrigational facilities and the expansion of the net sown area significantly impacted the agricultural output than institutional credit. The growth of agricultural credit is essential for supporting production; however, it would be untrue to assume a perfect correlation. Even though the flow of credit had increased exponentially, it had a limited influence on the output production since it also catered to the farmers' non-productive needs.

Accent Policy and Accent Modification Enterprises as Potential Indicators of Intercultural Power Relations: A Call for an Updated Research Agenda

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brynne D. Ovalle ◽  
Rahul Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Identity Construction ◽  
Social Theory ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
Linguistic Diversity ◽  
Cultural Organization ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This article has two purposes: (a) to examine the relationship between intercultural power relations and the widespread practice of accent discrimination and (b) to underscore the ramifications of accent discrimination both for the individual and for global society as a whole. First, authors review social theory regarding language and group identity construction, and then go on to integrate more current studies linking accent bias to sociocultural variables. Authors discuss three examples of intercultural accent discrimination in order to illustrate how this link manifests itself in the broader context of international relations (i.e., how accent discrimination is generated in situations of unequal power) and, using a review of current research, assess the consequences of accent discrimination for the individual. Finally, the article highlights the impact that linguistic discrimination is having on linguistic diversity globally, partially using data from the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and partially by offering a potential context for interpreting the emergence of practices that seek to reduce or modify speaker accents.

Business: Making Cents of Coding Systems: Billing for Professional Services

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
Dee Adams Nikjeh
Keyword(s):  
Professional Services ◽  
Speech Language Pathology ◽  
Coding Systems ◽  
Language Pathology ◽  
Program Funding ◽  
Fee Schedule ◽  
Procedure Codes ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Administrators and supervisors face daily challenges over issues such as program funding, service fees, correct coding procedures, and the ever-changing healthcare regulations. Receiving equitable reimbursement for speech-language pathology and audiology services necessitates an understanding of federal coding and reimbursement systems. This tutorial provides information pertaining to two major healthcare coding systems and explains the relationship of these systems to clinical documentation, the Medicare Physician Fee Schedule and equitable reimbursement. An explanation of coding edits and coding modifiers is provided for use in those occasional atypical situations when the standard use of procedural coding may not be appropriate. Also included in this tutorial is a brief discussion of the impact that the Medicare Improvements for Patients and Providers Act of 2008 (HR 6331 Medicare Improvements for Patients and Providers Act [MIPPA], 2008) has had on the valuation of speech-language pathology procedure codes.

The Need to Belong and the Relationship Between Loneliness and Health

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 194-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Freda-Marie Hartung ◽  
Britta Renner
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
First Year ◽  
Health State ◽  
Need To Belong ◽  
First Year University ◽  
Perceived Social Isolation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Humans are social animals; consequently, a lack of social ties affects individuals’ health negatively. However, the desire to belong differs between individuals, raising the question of whether individual differences in the need to belong moderate the impact of perceived social isolation on health. In the present study, 77 first-year university students rated their loneliness and health every 6 weeks for 18 weeks. Individual differences in the need to belong were found to moderate the relationship between loneliness and current health state. Specifically, lonely students with a high need to belong reported more days of illness than those with a low need to belong. In contrast, the strength of the need to belong had no effect on students who did not feel lonely. Thus, people who have a strong need to belong appear to suffer from loneliness and become ill more often, whereas people with a weak need to belong appear to stand loneliness better and are comparatively healthy. The study implies that social isolation does not impact all individuals identically; instead, the fit between the social situation and an individual’s need appears to be crucial for an individual’s functioning.

Investigating the Relationship Between Self-Esteem and Stigma Among Young Adults With History of Suicide Attempts

Crisis ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meshan Lehmann ◽  
Matthew R. Hilimire ◽  
Lawrence H. Yang ◽  
Bruce G. Link ◽  
Jordan E. DeVylder
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
High Functioning ◽  
People With Mental Illness ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Background: Self-esteem is a major contributor to risk for repeated suicide attempts. Prior research has shown that awareness of stigma is associated with reduced self-esteem among people with mental illness. No prior studies have examined the association between self-esteem and stereotype awareness among individuals with past suicide attempts. Aims: To understand the relationship between stereotype awareness and self-esteem among young adults who have and have not attempted suicide. Method: Computerized surveys were administered to college students (N = 637). Linear regression analyses were used to test associations between self-esteem and stereotype awareness, attempt history, and their interaction. Results: There was a significant stereotype awareness by attempt interaction (β = –.74, p = .006) in the regression analysis. The interaction was explained by a stronger negative association between stereotype awareness and self-esteem among individuals with past suicide attempts (β = –.50, p = .013) compared with those without attempts (β = –.09, p = .037). Conclusion: Stigma is associated with lower self-esteem within this high-functioning sample of young adults with histories of suicide attempts. Alleviating the impact of stigma at the individual (clinical) or community (public health) levels may improve self-esteem among this high-risk population, which could potentially influence subsequent suicide risk.

Assessing the Impact of Suicide Exclusion Periods on Life Insurance

Crisis ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 217-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Yip ◽  
David Pitt ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
Xueyuan Wu ◽  
Ray Watson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Insurance ◽  
Accidental Death ◽  
Insurance Policy ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Insurance Policies ◽  
Suicidal Death ◽  
Insured Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Insurance Data ◽  
The Relationship

Background: We study the impact of suicide-exclusion periods, common in life insurance policies in Australia, on suicide and accidental death rates for life-insured individuals. If a life-insured individual dies by suicide during the period of suicide exclusion, commonly 13 months, the sum insured is not paid. Aims: We examine whether a suicide-exclusion period affects the timing of suicides. We also analyze whether accidental deaths are more prevalent during the suicide-exclusion period as life-insured individuals disguise their death by suicide. We assess the relationship between the insured sum and suicidal death rates. Methods: Crude and age-standardized rates of suicide, accidental death, and overall death, split by duration since the insured first bought their insurance policy, were computed. Results: There were significantly fewer suicides and no significant spike in the number of accidental deaths in the exclusion period for Australian life insurance data. More suicides, however, were detected for the first 2 years after the exclusion period. Higher insured sums are associated with higher rates of suicide. Conclusions: Adverse selection in Australian life insurance is exacerbated by including a suicide-exclusion period. Extension of the suicide-exclusion period to 3 years may prevent some “insurance-induced” suicides – a rationale for this conclusion is given.

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