A Green Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Optimization of the Natural Antioxidant and Anti-aging Flavonolignans from Milk Thistle Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. Fruits for Cosmetic Applications

Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. (aka milk thistle) constitute the almost exclusive source of silymarin, a mixture of different flavonolignans, and is thus considered as a unique model for their extraction. The present research deals with ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of S. marianum flavonolignans and their quantification using LC system. The optimal conditions for UAE were: aqueous EtOH 54.5% (v/v) as solvent, applying an ultrasound frequency of 36.6 kHz during an extraction time of 60 min at 45°C with a liquid to solid ratio of 25:1 ml/g DW. Following optimization, the extraction method was validated according to international standards of the association of analytical communities (AOAC) in order to ensure its precision and accuracy for the quantitation of the individual silymarin components. The efficiency of UAE was compared with maceration protocol of the same duration. The optimized and validated conditions allowed highest extraction yields of flavonolignans in comparison to maceration. The antioxidant capacity of the extracts was confirmed by the CUPRAC assays and inhibition of advanced glycation end products. The skin anti-aging action was also confirmed toward the strong in vitro inhibition capacity of the obtained extract against collagenase and elastase enzymes. The procedure presented here allows a green efficient extraction and quantification of the main flavonolignans from the fruits of S. marianum with attractive antioxidant and anti-aging activities for future cosmetic applications.

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A Green Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Optimization of the Natural Antioxidant and Anti-Aging Flavonolignans from Milk Thistle Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. Fruits for Cosmetic Applications

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox8080304 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (8) ◽

pp. 304 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Samantha Drouet ◽

Emilie A. Leclerc ◽

Laurine Garros ◽

Duangjai Tungmunnithum ◽

Atul Kabra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Dry Weight ◽

International Standards ◽

In Vitro Assays ◽

Milk Thistle ◽

Silybum Marianum ◽

Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Ultrasound Assisted

Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. (aka milk thistle) constitutes the source of silymarin (SILM), a mixture of different flavonolignans and represents a unique model for their extraction. Here we report on the development and validation of an ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) method of S. marianum flavonolignans follow by their quantification using LC system. The optimal conditions of this UAE method were: aqueous EtOH 54.5% (v/v) as extraction solvent, with application of an ultrasound (US) frequency of 36.6 kHz during 60 min at 45 °C with a liquid to solid ratio of 25:1 mL/g dry weight (DW). Following its optimization using a full factorial design, the extraction method was validated according to international standards of the association of analytical communities (AOAC) to ensure precision and accuracy in the quantitation of each component of the SILM mixture. The efficiency of this UAE was compared with maceration protocol. Here, the optimized and validated conditions of the UAE allowed the highest extraction yields of SILM and its constituents in comparison to maceration. During UAE, the antioxidant capacity of the extracts was retained, as confirmed by the in vitro assays CUPRAC (cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity) and inhibition of AGEs (advanced glycation end products). The skin anti-aging potential of the extract obtained by UAE was also confirmed by the strong in vitro cell-free inhibition capacity of both collagenase and elastase. To summarize, the UAE procedure presented here is a green and efficient method for the extraction and quantification of SILM and its constituents from the fruits of S. marianum, making it possible to generate extracts with attractive antioxidant and anti-aging activities for future cosmetic applications.

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Green Ultrasound Assisted Extraction of trans Rosmarinic Acid from Plectranthus scutellarioides (L.) R.Br. Leaves

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants8030050 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 50 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Duangjai Tungmunnithum ◽

Laurine Garros ◽

Samantha Drouet ◽

Sullivan Renouard ◽

Eric Lainé ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rosmarinic Acid ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽

Pure Ethanol ◽

Ultrasound Frequency ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Ultrasound Assisted

Painted nettle (Plectranthus scutellarioides (L.) R.Br.) is an ornamental plant belonging to Lamiaceae family, native of Asia. Its leaves constitute one of the richest sources of trans-rosmarinic acid, a well-known antioxidant and antimicrobial phenolic compound. These biological activities attract interest from the cosmetic industry and the demand for the development of green sustainable extraction processes. Here, we report on the optimization and validation of an ultrasound-assisted extraction (USAE) method using ethanol as solvent. Following preliminary single factor experiments, the identified limiting extraction parameters (i.e., ultrasound frequency, extraction duration, and ethanol concentration) were further optimized using a full factorial design approach. The method was then validated following the recommendations of the association of analytical communities (AOAC) to ensure the precision and accuracy of the method used to quantify trans-rosmarinic acid. Highest trans-rosmarinic acid content was obtained using pure ethanol as extraction solvent following a 45-minute extraction in an ultrasound bath operating at an ultrasound frequency of 30 kHz. The antioxidant (in vitro radical scavenging activity) and antimicrobial (directed toward Staphylococcus aureus ACTT6538) activities were significantly correlated with the trans-rosmarinic acid concentration of the extract evidencing that these key biological activities were retained following the extraction using this validated method. Under these conditions, 110.8 mg/g DW of trans-rosmarinic acid were extracted from lyophilized P. scutellarioides leaves as starting material evidencing the great potential of this renewable material for cosmetic applications. Comparison to other classical extraction methods evidenced a clear benefit of the present USAE method both in terms of yield and extraction duration.

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Optimization of ultrasound‐assisted extraction of polysaccharides from perilla seed meal by response surface methodology: Characterization and in vitro antioxidant activities

Journal of Food Science ◽

10.1111/1750-3841.15597 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 86 (2) ◽

pp. 306-318

Author(s):

Hongjiao Zhang ◽

Huizhen Li ◽

Zhijun Zhang ◽

Tianyu Hou

Keyword(s):

Response Surface Methodology ◽

Response Surface ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Seed Meal ◽

Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Ultrasound Assisted ◽

Perilla Seed

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Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of procyanidins from perilla seed hull and their antioxidant activities in vitro

Food Science and Technology ◽

10.1590/fst.30417 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

pp. 378-387 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hui-Zhen LI ◽

Yong-Lan TAN ◽

Zhi-Jun ZHANG ◽

Yao-Yao XIA ◽

Xiao-Jun LI ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Seed Hull ◽

Ultrasound Assisted ◽

Perilla Seed

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Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of total phenol from betel (Areca catechu L.) nut seed and evaluation of antioxidant activity in vitro

AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY ◽

10.5897/ajb11.703 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 10 (46) ◽

pp. 9289-9296 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Han Lin ◽

Zhang Hai de ◽

Luo Shi shu ◽

Luo Kai

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Total Phenol ◽

Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Areca Catechu ◽

Ultrasound Assisted

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Ultrasound-assisted extraction of Ca, K and Mg from in vitro citrus culture

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society ◽

10.1590/s0103-50532003000300023 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 470-474 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Sandra C. C. Arruda ◽

Adriana P. M. Rodriguez ◽

Marco A. Z. Arruda

Keyword(s):

Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Ultrasound Assisted

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Antioxidant Capacity and Antigenotoxic Effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Extracts Obtained with Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Process

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app10020560 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 560

Author(s):

Gregorio Iván Peredo Pozos ◽

Mario Alberto Ruiz-López ◽

Juan Francisco Zamora Nátera ◽

Carlos Álvarez Moya ◽

Lucia Barrientos Ramírez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Human Lymphocytes ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Extraction Process ◽

Hibiscus Sabdariffa ◽

Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽

Solid Ratio ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Ultrasound Assisted ◽

Antigenotoxic Effect

Hibiscus sabdariffa (Roselle) is in high demand worldwide due to its beneficial health properties owing to the polyphenols content, mainly in the flower calyx. The objective of this study was to find the best conditions (time and liquid: solid ratio) to extract polyphenols from Roselle using Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE) (40 kHz, 180 W), with ethanol how solvent; as well as determine the yield of phenols, anthocyanin, flavonoids, tannins, antioxidant activity (DPPH) and antigenotoxic effect (comet assay). A traditional solid-liquid extraction was applied as a reference. Extraction times of 40 and 60 min resulted in the highest polyphenols (13.019 mg GAE/g dry weight (dw)), flavonoids (4.981 CE/g dw), anthocyanins (1.855 mg Cya3GE/g dw), and tannins (0.745 CE/g dw) recoveries and an antioxidant activity (DPPH) of 74.58%. Extracts from white calyces contained similar amounts of phenols and flavonoids, but very little condensed tannins (0.049 CE/g dw) and practically no anthocyanins. Extracts from red and white calyces, showed antigenotoxic activity and repaired capacity of damage caused by mutagens in human lymphocytes.

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Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Antioxidant Polyphenols from the Seed Coats of Red Sword Bean (Canavalia gladiate (Jacq.) DC.)

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox8070200 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (7) ◽

pp. 200 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Yue Zhou ◽

Xiao-Yu Xu ◽

Ren-You Gan ◽

Jie Zheng ◽

Ya Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Extraction Method ◽

Natural Antioxidants ◽

Extraction Time ◽

Antioxidant Compounds ◽

Extraction Temperature ◽

Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽

Solid Ratio ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Ultrasound Assisted ◽

Seed Coats

The seed coat of red sword bean (Canavalia gladiata (Jacq.) DC.) is rich in antioxidant polyphenols. It is often discarded as a byproduct with the consumption of red sword bean, since it is very thick and not consumed by people. The aim of this study was to develop an ultrasound-assisted extraction method to extract natural antioxidants from the seed coats. The extraction process was optimized by using response surface methodology. After the single-factor experiments, three key factors, including ethanol concentration, liquid/solid ratio, and extraction time, were selected and their interactions were studied using a central composite design. The optimal extraction condition was 60.2% hydroethanol, a liquid/solid ratio of 29.3 mL/g, an extraction time of 18.4 min, an extraction temperature of 50 °C, and ultrasound power of 400 W. Under the optimal conditions, antioxidant activity of the extract was 755.98 ± 10.23 μmol Trolox/g dry weight (DW), much higher than that from maceration (558.77 ± 14.42 μmol Trolox/g DW) or Soxhlet extraction (479.81 ± 12.75 μmol Trolox/g DW). In addition, the main antioxidant compounds in the extract were identified and quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography–diode array detection–tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC–DAD–MS/MS). The concentrations of digalloyl hexoside, methyl gallate, gallic acid, trigalloyl hexoside, and digallic acid were 15.30 ± 0.98, 8.85 ± 0.51, 8.76 ± 0.36, 4.27 ± 0.21, and 2.89 ± 0.13 mg/g DW. This study provides an efficient and green extraction method for the extraction of natural antioxidants from the bean coat of red sword bean. The extract of antioxidants might be added into functional foods or nutraceuticals with potential beneficial functions.

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