scholarly journals The Detection of Pre-Diabetic Patients in the Dental Office

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamda AlMesmar ◽  
Shiamaa AlMashhadani ◽  
Nadia Saleh ◽  
Khaled Farghali
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dental Office ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Sugar Levels

Pre-diabetes is a serious health condition where blood sugar levels are higher than normal, but not high enough yet to be diagnosed as type 2 diabetes. Pre-diabetes puts one at an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes and heart disease Methodology: A cross-sectional study was carried out on 384 patients aged 20-70 years old, attending the dental clinics to assess the risk for diabetes, using the FINDRISC questionnaire, HbA1c blood test and a periodontal examination. Results: The mean age of participants was 38.90±10.74. 32.3% were categorized as no risk, 46.6% low risk, while 19% and 2.1% moderate and high risk of developing diabetes respectively. Tests for serum HbA1c Level showed 46.1 % had normal HbA1c followed by 18.0% and 3.6 % were pre-diabetic and diabetic respectively. 19.3% of participants had periodontal pockets measuring more than 4mm and 15.9% measuring more than 6mm. Conclusion: The study has proven to be useful in identifying patients at high-risk of developing diabetes. Controlling and managing periodontal disease could be a new aspect to include in the standards for diabetes care. Dental settings could be a successful platform to carry out the screening and risk stratification of pre-diabetic patients.

scholarly journals The Detection of Pre-Diabetic Patients in the Dental Setting

2019 ◽  
pp. 56-63
Author(s):  
Hamda AlMesmar ◽  
Nadia Saleh ◽  
Shiamaa AlMashhadani ◽  
Khaled Farghali
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dental Clinics ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Sugar Levels

Pre-diabetes is a serious health condition where blood sugar levels are higher than normal, but not high enough yet to be diagnosed as type 2 diabetes. Pre-diabetes puts one at an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes and heart disease. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was carried out on 384 patients aged 20-70 years old, attending the dental clinics to assess the risk for diabetes, using the FINDRISC (Finnish Diabetes Risk Score) questionnaire, HbA1c blood test and a periodontal examination. Results: The mean age of participants was 38.90 ± 10.74. 32.3% were categorized as no risk, 46.6% low risk, while 19% and 2.1% moderate and high risk of developing diabetes respectively. Tests for serum HbA1c Level showed 46.1% had normal HbA1c followed by 18.0% and 3.6% were pre-diabetic and diabetic respectively. 19.3% of participants had periodontal pockets measuring more than 4mm and 15.9% measuring more than 6mm. Conclusion: The study has proven to be useful in identifying patients at high-risk of developing diabetes. Controlling and managing periodontal disease could be a new aspect to include in the standards for diabetes care. Dental settings could be a successful platform to carry out the screening and risk stratification of pre-diabetic patients.

scholarly journals Apolipoprotein E gene polymorphism and the risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudong Liu ◽  
Jing Liu ◽  
Ruiqiang Weng ◽  
Xiaodong Gu ◽  
Zhixiong Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Apolipoprotein E ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
E Gene ◽  
Apolipoprotein E Gene ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Ε4 Allele

Abstract Background The role of apolipoprotein E gene (APOE) in lipid metabolism has been well established, and APOE is associated with the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes mellitus (DM). However, the relationship between APOE polymorphisms and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) with or without CVD remains unclear. Methods In this cross-sectional study, a total of 924 participants including 211 controls (CVD-T2DM-), 247 T2DM patients with CVD (CVD-T2DM+), 232 CVD patients without T2DM (CVD + T2DM-) and 234 T2DM patients with CVD (CVD + T2DM+), were genotyped using chip platform. The association between APOE polymorphisms and T2DM patients with or without CVD was analyzed by univariable and multivariable logistic analysis. Results The present study showed that the frequency of E3/E4 increased in T2DM patients with CVD (p < 0.01). The ε4 allele was higher in CVD patients without T2DM (p < 0.01) and T2DM patients with CVD (p < 0.01) as compared with the controls. Conclusions The subjects carrying ε4 allele have increased risk of CVD and T2DM, and exhibit higher level of lipid profiles.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2017 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Cláudio Garcia Lira Neto ◽  
Mayra de Almeida Xavier ◽  
José Wicto Pereira Borges ◽  
Márcio Flávio Moura de Araújo ◽  
Marta Maria Coelho Damasceno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional

ABSTRACT Objective: to identify the prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and its components in a population of patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Method: a cross-sectional study was conducted with 201 diabetic patients. A descriptive analysis and Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests ( p <0.05) were performed. Results: the majority of participants were females and overweight, with a mean age of 63.1 years and a low level of education, and categorized as physically inactive. Of all individuals investigated, 50.7% were diagnosed with Metabolic Syndrome and 92% had at least one of the syndrome components with values beyond those recommended. Conclusion: it is essential to take preventive actions and develop studies that help to identify the factors associated with this syndrome.

scholarly journals Rate of glycemic control and associated factors among type two diabetes mellitus patients in Ethiopia: A cross sectional study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. e0251506
Author(s):  
Shambel Nigussie ◽  
Nigussie Birhan ◽  
Firehiwot Amare ◽  
Getnet Mengistu ◽  
Fuad Adem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Poor Glycemic Control ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Objective To assess the rate of glycemic control and associated factors among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients at Dilchora Referral Hospital, Dire Dawa, Eastern Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from 13 May to 16 August 2019. Type 2 diabetic patients on follow up at Dilchora Referral Hospital who fulfilled the inclusion criteria of the study were included. Systematic random sampling was used to select study participants. Data was collected by a face-to-face interview and review of medical records. The primary outcome was the level of blood glucose during three consecutive visits. Poor glycemic control was defined as a blood sugar level of more than 154 mg/dL based on the average of measurements from three consecutive visits. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify determinants of glycemic control. Result A total of 394 participants responded to the interview and were included in the final analysis. The overall prevalence of poor glycemic control was 45.2% (95%CI: 40.6%-50.0%). Patients who were on oral anti-diabetic drug plus insulin had more than two times greater chance of poor glycemic control than patients on oral anti-diabetic drug alone: 2.177(95%CI:1.10–4.29). The odds of poor glycemic control in patients who did not understand the pharmacist’s instructions was two times higher than patients with good understanding of instructions 1.86(95%CI: 1.10–3.13). Patients who had poor level of practice were found to have poor glycemic control: 1.69(95% CI: 1.13–2.55). Conclusion The overall prevalence of poor glycemic control was high among type 2 diabetes patients. Oral anti-diabetic drugs in combination with insulin, lack of understanding of pharmacist’s advice, and poor practice of diabetic patients were significant factors of poor glycemic control. Pharmacists should reassure the understanding of patients before discharge during counseling. Optimization of the dose of antidiabetic medications and combination of oral hypoglycemic agents should be considered.

scholarly journals A cross-sectional study to assess diabetic risk using Indian diabetic risk score among the urban population of Perambalur, South India

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 2923
Author(s):  
Tamilarasan M. ◽  
Maniprabhu Selvaraju ◽  
Karthikeyan Kulothungan ◽  
Srirangathan T.
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College

Background: Various studies from the urban population shows people are more susceptible to develop type 2 diabetes mellitus. Since the cause of diabetes is multifactorial it is necessary to screen the population to identify high-risk individuals. The objective of the study was to estimate the risk of developing type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) using the Indian diabetes risk score (IDRS) and its determinants in the urban field practicing area of the medical college in Perambalur district.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in an urban field practicing area of Dhanalakshmi Srinivasan Medical College and Hospital in Perambalur district. 400 participants of age more than 20 years enrolled in this study. IDRS risk score and data on other risk factors were obtained for every individual. Data entry was done in Excel and statistical analysis was done with SPSS version 16.Results: In our study, the proportion of male and female were almost equal. One-third of the participants 124 (31%) had a high risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus. Similarly, half of them 188 (47%) were at moderate risk and 88 (22%) had a low risk for diabetes. Statistically, a significant association was seen between high risk for T2DM and increased age, positive family history, Low socioeconomic status, living as a nuclear family, habits of smoking/Alcohol, and sedentary lifestyle.Conclusions: The risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus among the urban population is rising trends. For effective screening of the general population, IDRS can be used.

scholarly journals Association of Myopia With Microvascular Alterations in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: An Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Wen ◽  
Zijing Li ◽  
Jianhui Xiao ◽  
Xuane Liu ◽  
Yichi Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Vessel Density ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Fiber Layer ◽  
Cross Sectional

Purpose: To determine the association of myopia with peripapillary and macular microvasculature in eyes with type 2 diabetes using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).Methods: Diabetic patients with and without diabetic retinopathy (DR) were recruited and grouped according to myopic status in this cross-sectional study. Axial length, refractive error, and OCTA parameters were measured. OCTA parameters were analyzed with adjustment of confounding factors and further Bonferroni analysis was performed to determine the differences in multiple group comparisons.Results: Compared with the diabetic eyes without myopia, those with myopia had lower rate of DR (21.82 vs. 35.90%, χ2 = 6.190, P = 0.013), longer axial lengths (24.94 ± 0.75 vs. 23.16 ± 0.64, F = 311.055, P &lt; 0.001) and reduced whole vessel density (VD) of optic nerve head (ONH) (45.89 ± 5.76 vs. 49.14 ± 4.33, F = 19.052, P &lt; 0.001), peripapillary VD (48.75 ± 6.56 vs. 50.76 ± 4.51, F = 7.600, P = 0.006), and reduced thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) (95.50 ± 12.35 vs. 100.67 ± 13.68, F = 5.020, P = 0.026). In eyes without myopia, the superficial vessel density (SVD) (46.58 ± 4.90 vs. 43.01 ± 4.25; 95% CI, 1.80–4.61; P &lt; 0.001), deep vessel density (DVD) (45.64 ± 6.34 vs. 42.15 ± 6.31; 95% CI, 1.07–5.00; P &lt; 0.001), and FD300 area density (50.31 ± 5.74 vs. 44.95 ± 6.96; 95% CI, 2.88–7.27; P &lt; 0.001) were significant reduced in eyes with DR(DR eyes) comparing to those without DR (NoDR eyes). In eyes with myopia, only SVD were significantly reduced in DR eyes comparing to NoDR eyes (41.68 ± 3.34 vs. 45.99 ± 4.17; 95% CI, 1.10–7.22; P = 0.002). In NoDR eyes, both whole VD of ONH and Peripapillary VD demonstrated a significant decrease in eyes with myopia comparing to those without myopia (49.91 ± 4.36 vs. 45.61 ± 6.32; 95% CI, 1.95–6.27; P &lt; 0.001 and 51.36 ± 4.24 vs. 48.52 ± 6.99; 95% CI, 0.56–5.11; P = 0.006, respectively).Conclusions: In diabetic patients, myopic eyes exhibited lower prevalence of DR and thinner thickness of RNFL. The refractive status could possibly impact the retinal microvascular changes from NoDR to DR stage.

scholarly journals DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS AND RISK FACTORS OF DYSLIPIDEMIA IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY IN BOGOR, INDONESIA

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-8
Author(s):  
SARASWATI PRADIPTA ◽  
HERI WIBOWO ◽  
DANTE SAKSONO HARBUWONO ◽  
EKOWATI RAHAJENG ◽  
RAHMA AYU LARASATI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Objective: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients tend to have abnormal lipid profiles, explaining the association between elevated cholesterol andtriglyceride levels in diabetic patients and coronary heart disease. This study aims to evaluate how the common risk factors for dyslipidemia affectthe lipid profile of diabetic patients and to determine which factors can be used as predictors for the occurrence of dyslipidemia in T2DM patients.Methods: A total of 238 diabetic patients (63 male and 175 female; age: 31–70 years) were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. All of them hadundergone regular examinations in cohort studies on risk factors for non-communicable diseases conducted by the Ministry of Health in Bogorbetween December 2017 and January 2018.Results: The result found that age differences did not affect lipid profile levels, and the females had higher mean values of body mass index (p<0.001),total cholesterol (TC) (p<0.05), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (p<0.001) than the males. The most common occurrences of dyslipidemia werehigh TC level (57.1%), followed by high low-density lipoprotein (LDL) level (47.1%), high triglyceride level (37.4%), and low HDL level (16.4%). Beingoverweight was found to be the best predictor of dyslipidemia.Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that in T2DM patients, sex affects TC and HDL levels, whereas age does not exert a significant effect onthe lipid profiles. In addition, poor glycemic control, hypertension, and obesity may serve as predictors of dyslipidemia in T2DM patients.

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