scholarly journals Effect of Media Properties on Performance of Sand Filtration for Drain Water Treatment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled A. I. Ismail ◽  
Sayed I. A. Ismail ◽  
Ahmed S. El-Gendy ◽  
Tarek I. M. Sabry
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Drain Water ◽  
Sand Filter

In an attempt to improve the quality of the agricultural drain in Egypt for its reuse again in the irrigation, low cost solution such as sand filter along with/ without other filtration media have been used in this research, As a result of that, pilot plant of sand filter mixed with other filtration media was tested for its ability to improve the sand performance in removing the suspended solids and organic matters from agricultural drain water of the Belbeis drain (in Sharkia governorate in Egypt). Only sand compared with sand with sponge and sand with Liyan Nanfang activated carbon (L.N.A.C) have been tested to find the optimum mixing sand/ medium ratio &optimum infiltration rate. The work has been done on four runs. It was found that sand mixed with sponge gave the best removal efficiency compared to that of the sand only and the sand mixed with L.N.A.C. The results presented that the concentration of CODt, CODsol and TSS was reduced from 125, 47 and 162 mg/l to 44, 34 and 28 mg/l respectively at optimum infiltration rate of 2 m3/m2/d for sand mixed with sponge.

scholarly journals The efficiency of the sand filtration unit mixed with different packing materials in drain water treatment in Egypt

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled Abd el naser I. Ibrahim ◽  
Tarek Ismail M. Sabry ◽  
Ahmed S. El-Gendy ◽  
Sayed I. A. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Drain Water ◽  
Sand Filter ◽  
Filtration Unit

AbstractIn an attempt to improve the quality of the agricultural drain in Egypt for its reuse again in the irrigation, low-cost solution such as sand filter along with/without other filtration media has been used in this research. As a result of that, pilot plant of sand filter mixed with other filtration media was tested for its ability to improve the sand performance in removing the suspended solids and organic matters from agricultural drain water of the Belbeis drain (in Sharkia governorate in Egypt). Sand only, sand mixed with sponge, sand mixed with activated carbon and sand mixed with ceramic cylinders have been tested to find the best media combination and optimum mixing sand/ medium ratio and optimum infiltration rate. The work has been done on four runs. It was found that sand mixed with ceramic cylinders gave the best removal efficiency with respect to total chemical oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand for solution which were 77, 74%, respectively, whereas sand mixed with sponge had the best removal efficiency with respect to total suspended solids which was 89%. Also, all tested media combination had effluent quality that complied with Egyptian law 48 for the year 1982 regarding the disposal of wastewater into agricultural drains (chemical oxygen demand ≤ 80 mg/l, total suspended solids ≤ 50 mg/l).

Nitrate removal from water supplies using biodenitrification and GAC-sand filter systems

1994 ◽  
Vol 30 (9) ◽  
pp. 133-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. Dahab ◽  
S. Sirigina
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Nitrate Removal ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Water Supplies ◽  
Sand Filter ◽  
Fixed Film ◽  
Supply Systems ◽  
The U.S

In this paper, a study on using fixed-film biological denitrification to remove nitrates from water supplies is reported. Fixed-film biological systems have not been used in water supply systems in the U.S. although they are proven to be efficient and economical for removing nitrates with the reason being the possibility of imparting residual organics, suspended solids and bacteria to the treated water. In this research, fixed-film upflow biodenitrification columns were operated under carbon-starved conditions and the effluent was treated with a granular activated carbon (GAC) and sand filter system (combined in one unit) to remove residual organics and suspended matter. The system resulted in an average effluent turbidity of 0.8 NTU, and COD and total suspended solids (TSS) concentrations of 5.7 and 0.6 mg/L, respectively.

scholarly journals Fate of Benzophenone, Benzophenone-3 and Caffeine in Lab-Scale Direct River Water Treatment by Hybrid Processes

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 8691
Author(s):  
Minja Bogunović ◽  
Tijana Marjanović ◽  
Ivana Ivančev-Tumbas
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
River Water ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Powdered Activated Carbon ◽  
Personal Care ◽  
High Efficacy ◽  
Hybrid Processes ◽  
Neutral Ph ◽  
Anthropogenic Markers

Emerging microcontaminants benzophenone (BP), benzophenone-3 (BP-3) and caffeine (CF) are widely used anthropogenic markers from a group of pharmaceuticals and personal care products. They have different logD values and charges at neutral pH (2.96 neutral for BP; 3.65 negative and neutral for BP-3; 0.28 and neutral for CF). The goal of this study was to assess the efficacy of coagulation/flocculation/sedimentation (C/F/S), adsorption onto two types of powdered activated carbon (PAC)/sedimentation (PAC/S) and the combination of these two processes in different dosing sequences (PAC/C/F/S) and with/without ultrafiltration (powdered activated carbon/ultrafiltration—PAC/UF, coagulation/UF—CoA/UF) for the removal of selected micropollutants from river water. It was shown that the removal efficiency of benzophenones by coagulation depends on the season, while CF was moderately removed (40–70%). The removal of neutral BP by two PACs unexpectedly differed (near 40% and ˃93%), while the removal of BP-3 was excellent (>95%). PACs were not efficient for the removal of hydrophilic CF. Combined PAC/C/F/S yielded excellent removal for BP and BP-3 regardless of PAC type only when the PAC addition was followed by C/F/S, while C/F/S efficiency for CF diminished. The combination of UF with PAC or coagulant showed also high efficacy for benzophenones, but was negligible for CF removal.

scholarly journals Evaluation of removal efficiency of heavy metals by low-cost activated carbon prepared from African palm fruit

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 3151-3155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sani Abdulrazak ◽  
K. Hussaini ◽  
H. M. Sani
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Palm Fruit

Removal of cyanobacterial metabolites through wastewater treatment plant filters

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (7) ◽  
pp. 1244-1251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lionel Ho ◽  
Daniel Hoefel ◽  
Charlotte Grasset ◽  
Sebastien Palazot ◽  
Gayle Newcombe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Filter Medium ◽  
Sand Filtration ◽  
Sand Filter ◽  
High Nutrient

Wastewaters have the potential to proliferate excessive numbers of cyanobacteria due to high nutrient levels. This could translate to the production of metabolites, such as the saxitoxins, geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol (MIB), which can impair the quality of wastewater destined for re-use. Biological sand filtration was assessed for its ability to remove these metabolites from a wastewater. Results indicated that the sand filter was incapable of effectively removing the saxitoxins and in some instances, the effluent of the sand filter displayed greater toxicity than the influent. Conversely, the sand filter was able to effectively remove geosmin and MIB, with removal attributed to biodegradation. Granular activated carbon was employed as an alternative filter medium to remove the saxitoxins. Results showed similar removals to previous drinking water studies, where efficient removals were initially observed, followed by a decrease in the removal; a consequence of the presence of competing organics which reduced adsorption of the saxitoxins.

scholarly journals USE OF MODIFIED REAGENTS SOLUTIONS WHEN PREPARING DRINKING WATER

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (166) ◽  
pp. 141-145
Author(s):  
S. Dushkin ◽  
T. Shevchenko ◽  
O. Galkina
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Aluminum Sulfate ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Aluminum Salts ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Clarified Water

Currently, attention is paid to the intensification of the process of natural and wastewater treatment, improvement of technology, development of new effective methods of intensification of water treatment. This will simplify the existing technology of water treatment, reduce labor-intensive processes of preparation and dosing of reagents, reduce the cost of operating treatment plants, increase their productivity, improve quality and reduce the cost of treated water. Treatment of water with a modified coagulant solution allows to increase the hydraulic size of the coagulated suspension. The strongest effect of the modified coagulant solution has on the hydraulic suspension size of 0.2 mm/s and less, i.e. the smallest and the suspension, which is difficult to remove, which creates conditions for more intensive sedimentation in settling tanks and improve the quality of water clarification and fed to fast filters. It has been experimentally determined that the treatment of water with a modified solution of aluminum sulfate coagulant should be performed when the content of suspended solids in the clarified water is up to 100–150 mg / dm3. The color of the clarified water during treatment with a modified solution of aluminum sulfate coagulant does not depend on the content of suspended solids and is 1.5-1.6 times lower than the color than when using a conventional coagulant solution. It is established that the use of a modified solution of aluminum sulfate coagulant in water purification can reduce the residual aluminum content in clarified water by an average of 50-60%. The results of researches of the modified solutions of reagents which are used at preparation of drinking water are presented. It is established that water treatment with a modified solution of aluminum sulfate coagulant allows to improve the quality of drinking water preparation by suspended solids, color, reduce the content of aluminum salts in the clarified water, thereby increasing the environmental safety of drinking water.

scholarly journals Evaluating Electrocoagulation Process for Water Treatment Efficiency Using Response Surface Methodology

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 11-23
Author(s):  
Rand Shakir Mahmood ◽  
Nawar O.A. Al-Musawi
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Correction Factor ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Operating Time ◽  
Electrode Spacing ◽  
Parallel Plates ◽  
Electrocoagulation Process

The electrocoagulation process became one of the most important technologies used for water treatment processes in the last few years. It’s the preferred method to remove suspended solids and heavy metals from water for treating drinking water and wastewater from textile, diary, and electroplating factories. This research aims to study the effect of using the electrocoagulation process with aluminum electrodes on the removal efficiency of suspended solids and turbidity presented in raw water and optimizing by the response surface methodology (RSM). The most important variables studied in this research included electrode spacing, the applied voltage, and the operating time of the electrocoagulation process. The samples were taken from the Al Qadisiyiah water treatment plant. The treatment set up was in a batch mode; two parallel plates of aluminum were used as electrodes. Experimental results showed that the maximum removal efficiency of 96% for turbidity and 97% for TSS were obtained at operating time 60 minutes, voltage 30 V, and electrode spacing 1.7cm. Two models for predicting removal efficiency obtained, the first model was for turbidity with a correction factor of 94.7%, and the second one was for the TSS with a correction factor of 94.85%.

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