scholarly journals Economic Analysis of P.monodon Post Larvae by-catch in Indian Sundarbans: An Impasse between Livelihood and Conservation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anjana Ekka ◽  
Arun Pandit ◽  
Sandhya K.M. ◽  
Sajina A.M. ◽  
Suman Kumari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Government Policy ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Penaeus Monodon ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Resource Exploitation ◽  
Indian Sundarbans ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Natural Resource Exploitation ◽  
By Catch

The livelihood of most of the fishers in Indian Sundarbans is dependent on Penaeus monodon post larvae fishing. These post larvae collectors are socially backward lacking economic security. The activity of collecting Penaeus monodon post larvae for rearing in aquaculture, destroy other aquatic species. Many other juveniles of shellfish and fin fish were destroyed in the process of collection of Penaeus monodon post larvae. The removal of juveniles before they reach maturity disturbs the ecological chain by hampering breeding processes and may cause extinction of some fish species in the long run. The present study is an attempt to estimate the economic value of juveniles destroyed in the collection of (Penaeus monodon) post larvae. In total 32 species were identified in P.monodon the post larval by-catch. The economic loss is assessed based on estimating biomass by taking a length-weight relationship from published literature. Further, the paper illustrates how does a profit enterprise is linked with natural resource exploitation. The paper explores government policy and nature conservation issues for social justice and effective conservation.In conclusion, suggestions are given to reduce the burden of livelihood on natural resources to the extent of exploitation and to strengthen institution and policy-making considering socio-ecological vulnerabilities of the area.

The valuation of ecosystem services of the Khangain nuruu national park

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (03) ◽  
pp. 123-131
Author(s):  
Ganzorig G ◽  
Enkh-Amgalan G ◽  
Аmartuvshin O ◽  
Densmaa Sh ◽  
Gantulga Ts
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
National Park ◽  
Natural Capital ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Business As Usual ◽  
Livestock Husbandry

The state protected areas (PAs) lack with financial resource, which weakens the PA management including lack of human resource and their skill development, transparent cooperations, and of equipments and vehicles for ecosystem conservation and rehabilitation activities of the PAs. Thus, research on analysing the economic value of the PAs is vital important for the decision makers and policy planners, because they have lack of understanding of benefits of investing to the PAs. In 2013, United Nations Development Programme published a book that reflects the approach of “Targeted Scenario Analysis”, which is used in our study. The Khangain Nuruu National Park (KNPA) locates in 11 soums of three provinces, namely Arkhangai, Bayankhongor and Uvurkhangai, and we analyzed economic value of the KNPA for six economic sectors (livestock husbandry, crop farming, forestry, tourism, mining and industry), and two non-economic but consumption based sectors (carbon sequestration from larch trees, and drinkable water). The economic value or the contribution to the economy of Mongolia from KNPA was about MNT 165.4 billion in 2014, and it summed up to MNT 1 trillion between 2002 and 2014. Livestock husbandry, mining and tourism sectors benefitted about two third of this value. In case of “Business As Usual-BAU” scenario takes, continuesly, in place the total economic loss would reach to MNT 1.4 trillion between 2015 and 2040, compared to “Investing in Natural Capital-INC” scenario. Hence, implementing INC in the KNPA management would save this loss. We recommend to increase the financial resources for the KNPA management, therefore the economic sectors will not diminish due to lack of ecosystem services of the PA, which would then develop the sectors in the long run sustainably.

scholarly journals Assessment of Postharvest Losses Due to Catching Undersized Fishery Commodities and Size-Dependent Pricing in the Philippines

2021 ◽  
pp. 150-167
Author(s):  
Riza Jane Banicod ◽  
Ulysses Montojo ◽  
Gezelle Tadifa ◽  
Deserie Peralta ◽  
Charlotte Ann Ramos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Value ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Ecological Impacts ◽  
Financial Loss ◽  
Postharvest Losses ◽  
Resource Sustainability ◽  
Regulatory Frameworks ◽  
Long Run ◽  
By Catch ◽  
Catch Rates

The continuing decline in catch rates instigates various fishing adjustments to keep up with the demands of a growing population. Fishery resources are being caught before they can attain their optimum harvestable size. Undersized catch elicits lower economic value; thus, considered as losses in postharvest fisheries. The present study focused on generating actual data on the volume of undersized catches in selected landing sites in the Philippines. It aims to quantify the magnitude of postharvest and financial losses incurred from catching fishery commodities below their marketable sizes. The estimated loss at 0.97% and 4.02% for capture and aquaculture commodities, respectively, was equivalent to PHP 15,235,290 financial loss. Estimation of losses by commodity showed that squid recorded the highest at 20.14%, followed by tilapia (9.61%), blue swimming crab (4.48%), shrimp (2.75%), small pelagics (1.98%), mussel (1.46%), oceanic tuna (0.91%), by-catch (0.79%), milkfish (0.09%), and oyster (0.02%). Excessive catching of undersized BSC and squid in Western Visayas may lead to overexploitation of resources and may adversely affect subsequent recruitment in the long run. The study's results indicate that catching undersized species could lead to substantial postharvest losses and subsequent loss of potential revenue to the industry players. Allowing the stocks to attain their maximum biomass level will minimize postharvest losses; thus, maximizing utilization of resources and benefits derived from the sector. Unrestrained catching of undersized fishery commodities undermines resource sustainability, economic potential, and food security. The strengthening of regulatory frameworks is, therefore, necessary to address both economic and ecological impacts.

PRESERVING AND PROMOTING LOCAL KNOWLEDGE IN ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND NATURAL RESOURCE EXPLOITATION AND USE OF ETHNIC MINORITIES IN THE NORTHERN MOUNTAINOUS REGION

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vu Thi Thanh Minh
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Local Knowledge ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Customary Law ◽  
Mountainous Region ◽  
Resource Exploitation ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Natural Resource Exploitation

Ethnic minorities in the Northern Mountainous Region not only use the application of scientific-technological advances but also experiences of the community to enhance production efficiency and environmental protection. Local knowledge (TTDP) of ethnic minorities is useful for environmental protection and natural resource exploitation & use. These are environmental & weather knowledge; farming experiences on sloping and forestry land; knowledge about environmental protection and natural resource exploitation & use especially how to protect precious resources by specific rules/regulations of customary law. In the context of declining natural resources, TTDP is eroded, captured, or illegally exploited. There should be measures in order to preserve and promote TTDP as well as raise the awareness of the community about its important role.

Fish as Property on the Small Aral Sea, Kazakhstan

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Wheeler
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Common Pool Resources ◽  
Aral Sea ◽  
Resource Exploitation ◽  
Irrigation Projects ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Property Regime ◽  
Formal Rules

This chapter looks at a postsocialist fishery in Kazakhstan to explore the relationship between property rules designed to manage natural resources, and practices of resource exploitation. The Aral Sea is famous for its desiccation over the second half of the twentieth century, which stemmed from Soviet irrigation projects; in 2006 a World Bank/Republic of Kazakhstan project restored a small part of the sea, and fish catches have recently recovered somewhat. In this chapter, based on ethnographic and archival research, I explore the disjuncture between formal rules and practice to address debates about the management of common-pool resources. Within the nomadic economy, in contrast to livestock, fish were not property objects; over the colonial, Soviet and post-Soviet periods, they became objects of economic value in different ways, mediating different sorts of social relations. Turning to the contemporary property regime, I suggest that formal rules matter, but in unintended ways.

scholarly journals Еffect of insect infestation on the economic value of smoked fish sold in selected markets in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-86
Author(s):  
A.A. Ayeloja ◽  
F.O.A. George ◽  
W.A. Jimoh ◽  
G.L. Adebisi
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Insect Infestation ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Smoked Fish ◽  
Pest Infestation ◽  
Multistage Sampling

Abstract. In the present study a multistage sampling technique using semi-structured questionnaire was used to obtain information on socio- economic characteristics of the respondents and on economic loss of smoked fish resulting from insect pest infestation. Smoked fishes were bought from 10 markets in Oyo state, South West of Nigeria and checked in the laboratory for the insect pests. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square. Results indicated that insects at their larvae stage cause more economic loss to smoked fish than adult insects while Necrobia rufipes and Dermestes spp. are the insects found to infest the smoked fishes in this study. The insect infestation of the smoked fish leads to huge economic loss. Of all respondent groups the women dominate smoked fish business.

scholarly journals Technocentrism and Ecocentrism

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-23
Author(s):  
Doaa M Salman
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
The Other ◽  
Emissions Reduction ◽  
Health It ◽  
Resource Exploitation ◽  
Environment And Health ◽  
Carbon Emissions Reduction ◽  
Natural Resource Exploitation ◽  
Development Approach ◽  
Better Than

“Prevention is better than cure” is a proverb commonly used to highlight how it is better to avoid a problem from the start rather than fixing the damage afterwards. When considering this concept to our approach to the environment, we encounter two schools of thought; Ecocentrism and Technocentrism. Ecocentrism places the ecosystem at the center and stress that we need to limit our natural resource exploitation, so that we can conserve the environment and prevent its destruction. Technocentrism, on the other hand, focuses on technology and science as a way to repair any damage done to the environment rather than changing ethical perspectives on environmental issues. This paper seeks to explore the two ideologies by comparing between Finland and Bhutan; two countries that seem to resemble the two approaches. Finland is considered one of the highly technologically advanced countries, in addition to its reputation for environmental protection. Bhutan is a Himalayan Kingdom that is known for its strong environment conservation and their intriguing approach to sustainable development. The paper compares between the two countries sustainable development approach, environment, and health. It was concluded that, in terms of the environment; Bhutan is doing much better than Finland. Finland’s carbon emissions reduction was mainly because they produce goods in other countries which increase the other countries emissions not Finland. Additionally, high consumption levels in Finland are a major threat to the environment. As for health, there is no extreme difference; however, Bhutan’s health care system is still improving. Yet, the two countries are facing serious issues regarding mental health. Ultimately, the ecocentric approach appears to be much better; especially, in this day and age as many downsides of technology keep unfolding.  

scholarly journals Program Siwab untuk Meningkatkan Populasi Sapi Potong dan Nilai Ekonomi Usaha Ternak

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 125 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Rusdiana ◽  
NFN Soeharsono
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Program Implementation ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Cattle Population ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
The Government

<p>Siwab or its extension Mandatory cattle breeding is a manifestation of government commitment in increasing beef cattle population, and as a target for meat sufficiency in 2026. The program is believed to lead Indonesia to achieve beef self-sufficiency in the next 5-10 years. Beef cattle can be maximized in order to produce calves, and become a government’s focused program on enhancing beef cattle production through artificial insemination (AI). Based on the above problems, the government hopes to develop the program, it should not fail the umpteenth time to fulfil meat needs of the country. The purpose of this review is to describe the SIWAB program and the economic value of female beef cattle produced by AI which produces calf. This study approach is done through literature reviews related to SIWAB program implementation. SIWAB program includes two main programs namely the increase of porong cattle population through artificial insemination of AI and natural mating (Inka). With the AI through prgram, the parent beef cattle can regulate the cow's birth well. The mother cow bunting AI results can increase the selling value higher and can improve the welfare of farmers. The government's policy to pursue targeted beef self-sufficiency by the year 2026 is achieved, but the program must be responded and done well. Government policy to boost short-term beef cattle population can help to meet the needs of beef consumption, and in the long run the economic impact of farmers.</p><p> </p><p>Abstrak</p><p>Program Sapi Induk Wajib Bunting (SIWAB) adalah perwujudan komitmen pemerintah dalam meningkatkan populasi sapi potong dan sebagai target untuk kecukupan daging tahun 2026. Program tersebut diyakini dapat mengantarkan Indonesia mencapai swasembada daging sapi pada 5-10 tahun ke depan. Sapi potong dapat dimaksimalkan potensinya agar dapat menghasilkan pedet, dan menjadi program pemerintah yang difokuskan untuk peningkatan produksi sapi potong melalui inseminasi buatan (IB). Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut di atas, harapan pemerintah dengan mengembangkan program tersebut tidak boleh gagal ke sekian kalinya dalam mencukupi kebutuhan daging di dalam negeri. Tujuan tulisan review ini adalah untuk  mendiskripsikan program SIWAB dan nilai ekonomi pada usaha sapi potong betina hasil IB yang menghasilkan pedet. Kajian ini merupakan studi pustaka melalui review berbagai referensi terkait pelaksanaan program SIWAB. Program SIWAB mencakup dua program utama yaitu peningkatan populasi sapi porong melalui inseminasi buatan IB dan kawin alam (Inka). Program IB memungkinkan mengatur kelahiran anak sapi dengan baik. Sapi induk bunting hasil IB dapat meningkatkan nilai jual lebih tinggi dan dapat meningkatkan kesejahteraan peternak. Kebijakan pemerintah adalah untuk mengejar swasembada daging sapi yang ditargetkan sampai tahun 2026 bisa tercapai, namun program tersebut harus direspon dan dikerjakan dengan baik. Kebijakan pemerintah untuk menigkatkan populasi sapi potong dalam jangka pendek bisa membantu memenuhi kebutuhan konsumsi daging sapi dan dalam jangka panjang berdampak peningkatan ekonomi peternak.</p>

Livestock depredation by large carnivores in the Indian trans-Himalaya: conflict perceptions and conservation prospects

1997 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 338-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHARUDUTT MISHRA
Keyword(s):  
Canis Lupus ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Snow Leopard ◽  
Wildlife Sanctuary ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Livestock Depredation ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Government ◽  
Wild Predators ◽  
Human Wildlife Conflict

Livestock depredation by the snow leopard, Uncia uncia, and the wolf, Canis lupus, has resulted in a human-wildlife conflict that hinders the conservation of these globally-threatened species throughout their range. This paper analyses the alleged economic loss due to livestock depredation by these carnivores, and the retaliatory responses of an agro-pastoral community around Kibber Wildlife Sanctuary in the Indian trans-Himalaya. The three villages studied (80 households) attributed a total of 189 livestock deaths (18% of the livestock holding) over a period of 18 months to wild predators, and this would amount to a loss per household equivalent to half the average annual per capita income. The financial compensation received by the villagers from the Government amounted to 3% of the perceived annual loss. Recent intensification of the conflict seems related to a 37.7% increase in livestock holding in the last decade. Villagers have been killing the wolf, though apparently not the snow leopard. A self-financed compensation scheme, and modification of existing livestock pens are suggested as area-specific short-term measures to reduce the conflict. The need to address the problem of increasing livestock holding in the long run is emphasized.

BAIKAL REGION IN THE UNESCO “MAN AND BIOCPHERE” PROGRAMME

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.M. PLYUSNIN ◽  
◽  
I.N. VLADIMIROV ◽  
A.A. SOROKOVOI
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Baikal Region ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Resource Exploitation ◽  
Biosphere Reserves ◽  
Climate Change Research ◽  
Territorial Planning ◽  
Heritage Site ◽  
Natural Resource Exploitation

The main objective of the UNESCO Man and the Biosphere (MAB) Program is to ensure a balance between the responsibility of humankind to preserve nature and its biological diversity and the need of natural resource exploitation by human being to improve the social and economic well-being of people. Biosphere reserves are recommended as representative objects for the conservation of biological diversity and, in general, ecological systems. The world network of Biosphere reserves in 2020 included 714 Biosphere reserves in 129 countries, in Russia there are 46 of them. They also act as models for achieving the goals and objectives of sustainable development of territories. The tasks include research related to climate change and the response of natural processes to these changes, implementation of space and cartographic monitoring of nature, educational activities and activities aimed at mitigating the effects of climate change. Research on the relationship between man and the biosphere in the Baikal region was carried out with an integrated environmentally oriented planning and use of lands, water and biological resources. For the Lake Baikal World Natural Heritage Site, we have carried out territorial planning and zoning, as well as determined the ecological potential of the landscapes of the Baikal natural territory.

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