scholarly journals Assessment of Postharvest Losses Due to Catching Undersized Fishery Commodities and Size-Dependent Pricing in the Philippines

2021 ◽  
pp. 150-167
Author(s):  
Riza Jane Banicod ◽  
Ulysses Montojo ◽  
Gezelle Tadifa ◽  
Deserie Peralta ◽  
Charlotte Ann Ramos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Value ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Ecological Impacts ◽  
Financial Loss ◽  
Postharvest Losses ◽  
Resource Sustainability ◽  
Regulatory Frameworks ◽  
Long Run ◽  
By Catch ◽  
Catch Rates

The continuing decline in catch rates instigates various fishing adjustments to keep up with the demands of a growing population. Fishery resources are being caught before they can attain their optimum harvestable size. Undersized catch elicits lower economic value; thus, considered as losses in postharvest fisheries. The present study focused on generating actual data on the volume of undersized catches in selected landing sites in the Philippines. It aims to quantify the magnitude of postharvest and financial losses incurred from catching fishery commodities below their marketable sizes. The estimated loss at 0.97% and 4.02% for capture and aquaculture commodities, respectively, was equivalent to PHP 15,235,290 financial loss. Estimation of losses by commodity showed that squid recorded the highest at 20.14%, followed by tilapia (9.61%), blue swimming crab (4.48%), shrimp (2.75%), small pelagics (1.98%), mussel (1.46%), oceanic tuna (0.91%), by-catch (0.79%), milkfish (0.09%), and oyster (0.02%). Excessive catching of undersized BSC and squid in Western Visayas may lead to overexploitation of resources and may adversely affect subsequent recruitment in the long run. The study's results indicate that catching undersized species could lead to substantial postharvest losses and subsequent loss of potential revenue to the industry players. Allowing the stocks to attain their maximum biomass level will minimize postharvest losses; thus, maximizing utilization of resources and benefits derived from the sector. Unrestrained catching of undersized fishery commodities undermines resource sustainability, economic potential, and food security. The strengthening of regulatory frameworks is, therefore, necessary to address both economic and ecological impacts.

Spatial variation in by-catch from a prawn seine-net fishery in a south-east Australian coastal lagoon

2001 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles A. Gray
Keyword(s):  
Economic Value ◽  
Ecological Impacts ◽  
Recreational Fisheries ◽  
Fishing Season ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
By Catch ◽  
Catch Rates ◽  
Catch Composition ◽  
Species Being ◽  
Demersal Species

Observer-based estimates of the catches and by-catches from prawn seining (locally termed ‘snigging’) in Tuggerah Lake (NSW, Australia) during the 1998/99 fishing season are presented. Observed catches included three species of penaeid prawns, while observed by-catches contained a total of 49 finfish and 5 invertebrate taxa. The overall by-catch:prawn catch ratio by weight was 0.9:1, and in catching an estimated 20 ± 4 t of prawns the fleet took an estimated total by-catch of ± 2 t throughout the 6-month fishing season. The by-catch included large numbers of small (<15 cm total length) finfish species important in other commercial and recreational fisheries, including Gerres subfasciatus,Rhabdosargus sarba and Acanthopagrus australis, as well as several small demersal species of little economic value. Multivariate analyses indicated that by-catch composition differed between seines taken over shallow seagrass and bare substrata, with catch rates of several species being greater over seagrass. It is recommended that strategies to reduce potential ecological impacts and by-catch in this fishery be investigated, including fixed spatial closures over seagrasses and the development of alternative fishing gears and practices.

scholarly journals Economic Analysis of P.monodon Post Larvae by-catch in Indian Sundarbans: An Impasse between Livelihood and Conservation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anjana Ekka ◽  
Arun Pandit ◽  
Sandhya K.M. ◽  
Sajina A.M. ◽  
Suman Kumari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Government Policy ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Penaeus Monodon ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Resource Exploitation ◽  
Indian Sundarbans ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Natural Resource Exploitation ◽  
By Catch

The livelihood of most of the fishers in Indian Sundarbans is dependent on Penaeus monodon post larvae fishing. These post larvae collectors are socially backward lacking economic security. The activity of collecting Penaeus monodon post larvae for rearing in aquaculture, destroy other aquatic species. Many other juveniles of shellfish and fin fish were destroyed in the process of collection of Penaeus monodon post larvae. The removal of juveniles before they reach maturity disturbs the ecological chain by hampering breeding processes and may cause extinction of some fish species in the long run. The present study is an attempt to estimate the economic value of juveniles destroyed in the collection of (Penaeus monodon) post larvae. In total 32 species were identified in P.monodon the post larval by-catch. The economic loss is assessed based on estimating biomass by taking a length-weight relationship from published literature. Further, the paper illustrates how does a profit enterprise is linked with natural resource exploitation. The paper explores government policy and nature conservation issues for social justice and effective conservation.In conclusion, suggestions are given to reduce the burden of livelihood on natural resources to the extent of exploitation and to strengthen institution and policy-making considering socio-ecological vulnerabilities of the area.

Fish and invertebrate by-catch in the crab pot fishery in the Isle of Man, Irish Sea

2017 ◽  
Vol 98 (8) ◽  
pp. 2099-2111
Author(s):  
Fikret Öndes ◽  
Michel J. Kaiser ◽  
Lee G. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Irish Sea ◽  
Target Species ◽  
Catch Per Unit Effort ◽  
Isle Of Man ◽  
Ecosystem Effects ◽  
By Catch ◽  
Catch Rates ◽  
Taxonomic Groups ◽  
Catch Composition ◽  
Autumn And Winter

Baited trap or pot fisheries are considered to have relatively few wider ecosystem effects on the marine environment, particularly when compared with towed mobile fishing gear. However, this assumption is rarely tested in the field. This study aimed to determine the composition of non-target species that occur in crustacean pots and to assess spatial and temporal differences in catches in the waters around the Isle of Man, Irish Sea. The data were collected using fishery independent surveys and a questionnaire study. Based on fishery independent surveys, a total of five taxonomic groups and 43 species occurred as by-catch. The dominant by-catch species was velvet crab Necora puber. The by-catch per unit effort (BPUE) for all of the non-target species was low particularly in comparison to towed bottom gear fisheries around the Isle of Man. BPUE of species composition varied considerably between different locations around the Isle of Man. The results of both the fishery independent and questionnaire data suggested that the by-catch rates varied with season with peak BPUE occurring in spring which then declined into autumn and winter. By-catch composition did not decrease significantly with an increasing target species catch. Overall, by-catch was low relative to target species catch which may be partially attributable to the use of escape panels in pot fisheries in the Isle of Man.

Schooling behaviour of jack mackerel, Trachurus declivis (Jenyns), observed in the Tasmanian purse seine fishery

1993 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 577 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Williams ◽  
G Pullen
Keyword(s):  
School Size ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Diurnal Changes ◽  
Jack Mackerel ◽  
Schooling Behaviour ◽  
Summer Schools ◽  
By Catch ◽  
Catch Rates ◽  
Lunar Effects ◽  
Purse Seine Fishery

The seasonal, lunar and diurnal changes in schooling of jack mackerel were examined using log-book information collected from an industrial fishery off the east coast of Tasmania between 1985 and 1989. School size increased significantly from spring to autumn. The ratio between surface and subsurface schools encountered by the fishery also changed seasonally. Surface schools predominate during summer, whereas subsurface schools become more frequent during autumn. The fishery was predominantly a day fishery and no lunar effects on catch rates or fishing intensity were detected. Catches mainly comprised jack mackerel, although redbait (Emmelichthys nitidus Richardson) and blue mackerel (Scomber australasicus Cuvier) were a significant by-catch. In summer, schools were almost exclusively composed of jack mackerel, but in other seasons mixed schools were found. Data presented, together with evidence from other sources, suggest that the availability of schools to the fishery may be closely related to the availability of feed.

scholarly journals Biological and economic values of Dipterocarpaceae, the main timber forest product of Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-112
Author(s):  
Wahyu Widiyono
Keyword(s):  
Economic Value ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Forest Product ◽  
Seedling Ecology ◽  
Seed Physiology ◽  
Conservation Of Genetic Resources ◽  
Domestic Use ◽  
Root Symbiosis ◽  
Seed Handling

Dipterocarpaceae is known as a very important tree family both biologically and economically.  Its distribution around the world covers the areas of Peninsular Malaysia, the Philippines, Sumatra, Kalimantan, Java, Sulawesi, Maluku to Papua.  Dipterocarpaceae family has a high economic value, such as producing wood, balsam, resin, charcoal, fat, fruit, bark, essential oil, and camphor. Its products have very important roles for domestic use and export needs. As  representatives of Dipterocarpaceae, the economic value of Shorea Roxb. ex Gaertner f, Dipterocarpus Gaertner f, and Dryobalanops Gaertner f will be discussed. Considering the very important role of Dipterocarpaceae, both biologically and economically, it is necessary to handle it sustainably, through the following actions such as conservation of genetic resources, seed physiology, seed handling, seedling ecology, root symbiosis and nutrition, pest and disease, management of natural forest, and plantation, and also non-timber forest product from Dipterocarpaceae. Dipterocarpaceae dikenal sebagai famili pohon yang sangat penting baik secara biologis maupun ekonomis. Penyebarannya di seluruh dunia meliputi wilayah Semenanjung Malaysia, Filipina, Sumatera, Kalimantan, Jawa, Sulawesi, Maluku hingga Papua. Famili Dipterocarpaceae memiliki nilai ekonomi yang tinggi, seperti menghasilkan kayu, balsam, damar, arang, lemak, buah, kulit kayu, minyak atsiri, dan kapur barus. Produk-produknya memiliki peran yang sangat penting untuk kebutuhan domestik dan ekspor. Sebagai perwakilan Dipterocarpace, nilai ekonomi Shorea Roxb. ex Gaertner f, Dipterocarpus Gaertner f, dan Dryobalanops Gaertner f akan dibahas. Mengingat peranan Dipterocarpaceae yang sangat penting, baik secara biologis maupun ekonomis, maka perlu dilakukan penanganan secara berkelanjutan, melalui tindakan-tindakan seperti konservasi sumber daya genetik, fisiologi benih, penanganan benih, ekologi semai, simbiosis dan nutrisi akar, hama dan penyakit, pengelolaan hutan alam, dan perkebunan, serta hasil hutan bukan kayu dari Dipterocarpaceae.  

scholarly journals Penerapan Daily Physical Activity di Sekolah Malacampa Elementary School-Main, Tarlac City, Philippines

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-58
Author(s):  
Nissa Aulia Belistiana Utami ◽  
Andi Suntoda Situmorang ◽  
Suherman Slamet
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Elementary School ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Daily Physical Activity ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Ex Post Facto ◽  
Development Goals

The education system in the Philippines has changed because it refers to the United Nations program, the Sustainable Development Goals. One of the changes is that each student is required to attend the Daily Physical Activity program before starting learning. This research is conducted at Malacampa Elementary School-Main, Tarlac City, Philippines. The purpose of this study is to determine what impacts occur after the implementation of the Daily Physical Activity which is carried out every morning in the long run. Daily Physical Activity is done by dancing 10 to 15 minutes. This type of research is an ex-post-facto study in which the researcher examines a program that is happening in the Philippines. Researchers take samples of one class, named class 6 SSES, amounting to 27 students. Based on the results of this study, there are positive impacts in the form of children being more enthusiastic in doing daily tasks and negative in the form of students feeling bored with less varied songs and movements.AbstrakSistem Pendidikan di Filipina berubah karena merujuk program PBB yaitu Sustainable Development Goals. Salah satu perubahannya yaitu setiap siswa wajib mengikuti program Daily Physical Activity sebelum memulai pembelajaran. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yang dilakukan di Malacampa Elementary School-Main, Tarlac City, Philippines. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui dampak apa saja yang terjadi setelah diterapkannya Daily Physical Activity yang dilakukan setiap pagi hari dalam jangka waktu yang panjang. Daily Physical Activity yang dilakukan adalah menari 10 sampai 15 menit. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian ex-post facto di mana peneliti meneliti program yang sedang terjadi di Filipina. Peneliti mengambil sampel satu kelas, yaitu kelas 6 SSES yang berjumlah 27 siswa. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini yaitu adanya dampak positif berupa anak lebih antusias dalam melakukan tugas gerak di kesehariannya dan negatif berupa siswa merasa bosan dengan lagu dan gerakan yang kurang bervariatif.

scholarly journals Program Siwab untuk Meningkatkan Populasi Sapi Potong dan Nilai Ekonomi Usaha Ternak

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 125 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Rusdiana ◽  
NFN Soeharsono
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Program Implementation ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Cattle Population ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
The Government

<p>Siwab or its extension Mandatory cattle breeding is a manifestation of government commitment in increasing beef cattle population, and as a target for meat sufficiency in 2026. The program is believed to lead Indonesia to achieve beef self-sufficiency in the next 5-10 years. Beef cattle can be maximized in order to produce calves, and become a government’s focused program on enhancing beef cattle production through artificial insemination (AI). Based on the above problems, the government hopes to develop the program, it should not fail the umpteenth time to fulfil meat needs of the country. The purpose of this review is to describe the SIWAB program and the economic value of female beef cattle produced by AI which produces calf. This study approach is done through literature reviews related to SIWAB program implementation. SIWAB program includes two main programs namely the increase of porong cattle population through artificial insemination of AI and natural mating (Inka). With the AI through prgram, the parent beef cattle can regulate the cow's birth well. The mother cow bunting AI results can increase the selling value higher and can improve the welfare of farmers. The government's policy to pursue targeted beef self-sufficiency by the year 2026 is achieved, but the program must be responded and done well. Government policy to boost short-term beef cattle population can help to meet the needs of beef consumption, and in the long run the economic impact of farmers.</p><p> </p><p>Abstrak</p><p>Program Sapi Induk Wajib Bunting (SIWAB) adalah perwujudan komitmen pemerintah dalam meningkatkan populasi sapi potong dan sebagai target untuk kecukupan daging tahun 2026. Program tersebut diyakini dapat mengantarkan Indonesia mencapai swasembada daging sapi pada 5-10 tahun ke depan. Sapi potong dapat dimaksimalkan potensinya agar dapat menghasilkan pedet, dan menjadi program pemerintah yang difokuskan untuk peningkatan produksi sapi potong melalui inseminasi buatan (IB). Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut di atas, harapan pemerintah dengan mengembangkan program tersebut tidak boleh gagal ke sekian kalinya dalam mencukupi kebutuhan daging di dalam negeri. Tujuan tulisan review ini adalah untuk  mendiskripsikan program SIWAB dan nilai ekonomi pada usaha sapi potong betina hasil IB yang menghasilkan pedet. Kajian ini merupakan studi pustaka melalui review berbagai referensi terkait pelaksanaan program SIWAB. Program SIWAB mencakup dua program utama yaitu peningkatan populasi sapi porong melalui inseminasi buatan IB dan kawin alam (Inka). Program IB memungkinkan mengatur kelahiran anak sapi dengan baik. Sapi induk bunting hasil IB dapat meningkatkan nilai jual lebih tinggi dan dapat meningkatkan kesejahteraan peternak. Kebijakan pemerintah adalah untuk mengejar swasembada daging sapi yang ditargetkan sampai tahun 2026 bisa tercapai, namun program tersebut harus direspon dan dikerjakan dengan baik. Kebijakan pemerintah untuk menigkatkan populasi sapi potong dalam jangka pendek bisa membantu memenuhi kebutuhan konsumsi daging sapi dan dalam jangka panjang berdampak peningkatan ekonomi peternak.</p>

scholarly journals Air Asia: From Regional to Global

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Dr. Khaliq Ahmad Mohammad
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Economic Downturn ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Low Cost Carrier ◽  
Strategic Options ◽  
Tourism And Hospitality Industry ◽  
Tourism And Hospitality

In February 2009, Tony Fernandez, the founder of AirAsia was not bothered by the company’s mass order of 175 new aircraft for its AirAsia-X long-haul services. He could not resist the concern over the aircraft deferment to Thailand and Indonesia in 2011 because of the relocation of the low-cost carrier terminal in Sepang before AirAsia was forced to move to KLIA2. Such a situation would surely increase its operating costs exponentially. He also knew he was facing an economic downturn and the high competition, particularly for his AirAsia-X business. Major rivals of AirAsia-X in the region were Singapore Tiger Airways, Cebu Pacific Air of the Philippines and a global competitor was EasyJet in Europe had just launched aggressive campaigns and promotions which would affect its long-haul business. He was certain that the company would achieve his dream to spread its wings all over the world. However, he realized that the company’s operating costs and competition with other airliners that joined the club of no-frills airlines based on a national and international level presently had escalated. He knew he had to act now. If you were Tony Fernandez, what would you do in this scenario was a question that needs an answer? This is an issue of strategic choice of divesting or integration as the strategic options are limited in the short as well as long run. The AirAsia case study has the main objective of sharing impact of the covid-19 pandemic devastating impact on the airliners. It is a significant study in terms of impact on economy, tourism and hospitality industry in general and Malaysia in particular.

scholarly journals CO2 Emissions, Energy Consumption, and Economic Growth: New Evidence in the ASEAN Countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vo ◽  
Vo ◽  
Le
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Granger Causality ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Renewable Energy Consumption ◽  
Long Run

The members of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) have made several attempts to adopt renewable energy targets given the economic, energy-related, environmental challenges faced by the governments, policy makers, and stakeholders. However, previous studies have focused limited attention on the role of renewable energy when testing the dynamic link between CO2 emissions, energy consumption and renewable energy consumption. As such, this study is conducted to test a common hypothesis regarding a long-run environmental Kuznets curve (EKC). The paper also investigates the causal link between carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, energy consumption, renewable energy, population growth, and economic growth for countries in the region. Using various time-series econometrics approaches, our analysis covers five ASEAN members (including Indonesia, Myanmar, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Thailand) for the 1971–2014 period where required data are available. Our results reveal no long-run relationship among the variables of interest in the Philippines and Thailand, but a relationship does exist in Indonesia, Myanmar, and Malaysia. The EKC hypothesis is observed in Myanmar but not in Indonesia and Malaysia. Also, Granger causality among these important variables varies considerably across the selected countries. No Granger causality among carbon emissions, energy consumption, and renewable energy consumption is reported in Malaysia, the Philippines, and Thailand. Indonesia experiences a unidirectional causal effect from economic growth to renewable energy consumption in both short and long run and from economic growth to CO2 emissions and energy consumption. Interestingly, only Myanmar has a unidirectional effect from GDP growth, energy consumption, and population to the adoption of renewable energy. Policy implications have emerged based on the findings achieved from this study for each country in the ASEAN region.

Shark control: experimental fishing with baited drumlines

1998 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
pp. 653 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. F. J. Dudley ◽  
R. C. Haestier ◽  
K. R. Cox ◽  
M. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
Shark Species ◽  
Gill Nets ◽  
Carcharhinus Leucas ◽  
Local Reduction ◽  
Shark Attacks ◽  
By Catch ◽  
Catch Rates ◽  
Physical Environmental Factors

Protective gill-nets (shark nets) have been successful in reducing the frequency of shark attacks on the coast of KwaZulu-Natal (KZN), South Africa, since 1952. This is achieved primarily through a local reduction in numbers of large sharks. Yet the nets are non-selective in terms of shark species caught and take a by-catch of dolphins, sea turtles, batoids and teleosts. Baited lines, or drumlines, as used in the Queensland shark control programme, were tested as possible alternatives to gill-nets. They demonstrated greater species selectivity for sharks and also a reduced by-catch of non-shark animals. The shark catch included the three species responsible for most shark attacks on the KZN coast, Carcharhinus leucas, Galeocerdo cuvier and Carcharodon carcharias. The probability of the bait being scavenged, or a shark being caught, was modelled in relation to a number of physical environmental factors. Although there was insufficient variability in the effort data for a quantitative comparison of catch rates between nets and drumlines, the results suggested that an optimal solution may be to deploy a combination of nets and drumlines.

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