Meeting SDG6 in the Kingdom of Tonga: The Mismatch between National and Local Sustainable Development Planning for Water Supply

UN 2030 Sustainable Development Goal 6 presents difficulties for small island developing states such as the Kingdom of Tonga, which relies on rainwater and groundwater lenses for freshwater supply. Planning and managing water resources to supply demands in dispersed small islands under variable climate and frequent extreme events is challenging. Tensions between water planning using top-down versus bottom-up processes have long been recognized. Tonga’s overarching national planning instrument is the Tonga Strategic Development Framework, 2015-2025 (TSDFII). This identifies desired national outcomes and is used to direct and resource Ministries and address international and regional commitments. Water supply was a low priority in the three-month consultations that led to TSDFII. Community Development Plans (CDPs), developed by rural villages throughout Tonga’s five Island Groups over nine years, involved participation from 80% of each village population who ranked local priorities. Analysis of priorities in 117 available village CDPs reveals improvements to village water supply was the highest overall priority in all five Island Groups and ranked within the top three priorities by 76% of all villages, with women, youth and men returning figures of 83%, 66% and 80% respectively. The mismatch between top-down and bottom-up priorities appears to result from an urban/rural divide.

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Meeting SDG6 in the Kingdom of Tonga: The Mismatch between National and Local Sustainable Development Planning for Water Supply

Hydrology ◽

10.3390/hydrology7040081 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 81 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ian White ◽

Tony Falkland ◽

Taaniela Kula

Keyword(s):

Sustainable Development ◽

Water Supply ◽

Local Community ◽

Development Planning ◽

Small Island ◽

Rural Villages ◽

Hydrological Data ◽

Development Framework ◽

Development Plans ◽

A Priority

UN Sustainable Development Goal 6 challenges small island developing states such as the Kingdom of Tonga, which relies on variable rainwater and fragile groundwater lenses for freshwater supply. Meeting water needs in dispersed small islands under changeable climate and frequent extreme events is difficult. Improved governance is central to better water management. Integrated national sustainable development plans have been promulgated as a necessary improvement, but their relevance to island countries has been questioned. Tonga’s national planning instrument is the Tonga Strategic Development Framework, 2015–2025 (TSDFII). Local Community Development Plans (CDPs), developed by rural villages throughout Tonga’s five Island Divisions, are also available. Analyses are presented of island water sources from available census and limited hydrological data, and of the water supply priorities in TSDFII and in 117 accessible village CDPs. Census and hydrological data showed large water supply differences between islands. Nationally, TDSFII did not identify water supply as a priority. In CDPs, 84% of villages across all Island Divisions ranked water supply as a priority. Reasons for the mismatch are advanced. It is recommended that improved governance in water in Pacific Island countries should build on available census and hydrological data and increased investment in local island planning processes.

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Sustainable Development of Operations: Actors’ Involvement in the Process of Energy Efficiency Improvements

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13116121 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (11) ◽

pp. 6121

Author(s):

Naghmeh Taghavi

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficiency ◽

Sustainable Development ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Top Down ◽

Bottom Up ◽

Operational Decisions ◽

Integrative Framework ◽

Strategic Goals ◽

Secondary Information ◽

Inside Out

This study empirically investigates the involvement of actors in the process of energy-efficiency improvements in operations to align strategic sustainability goals across and within operations. The study analyzes development efforts stemming from actors’ decisions and actions that contribute to the process of energy efficiency improvements using semi-structured interviews and secondary information. Data is analyzed using thematic coding. The study deepens the understanding of how firms undertake the transition towards integrating strategic goals for energy efficiency into operations by strategizing for energy efficiency improvements through actors’ involvement. By exploring actors at both strategic and operational levels, and their decisions and actions, the study includes examples of different approaches, namely, top-down vs. bottom-up and inside-out vs. outside-in, thereby conceptualizing the process of energy-efficiency improvements in terms of a framework that outlines the entities of this process. The study further provides an integrative framework for the development efforts by different actors and presents propositions for incorporating energy-efficiency improvements in daily strategic and operational decisions and actions instead of regarding it as a separate or an add-on process.

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Trade-Offs Between the Top-Down and Bottom-Up School Education Management Models: The Implementation of School Development Planning in Western China

Chinese Education & Society ◽

10.2753/ced1061-1932410503 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 41 (5) ◽

pp. 36-57 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Zhiyong Zhu

Keyword(s):

Development Planning ◽

School Education ◽

School Development ◽

Western China ◽

Top Down ◽

Bottom Up ◽

Education Management ◽

Management Models ◽

Trade Offs

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The promotion of sustainable development in higher education institutions: top-down bottom-up or neither?

International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education ◽

10.1108/ijshe-02-2020-0061 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (7) ◽

pp. 1429-1450

Author(s):

Gisele Mazon ◽

João Marcelo Pereira Ribeiro ◽

Carlos Rogerio Montenegro de Lima ◽

Brenda Caroline Geraldo Castro ◽

José Baltazar Salgueirinho Osório de Andrade Guerra

Keyword(s):

Higher Education ◽

Sustainable Development ◽

Higher Education Institutions ◽

Economic Benefits ◽

Top Down ◽

Bottom Up ◽

Content Type ◽

Hands On ◽

Strategic Role ◽

Exploratory Factorial Analysis

Purpose This paper aims to analyze the sustainability approach within higher education institutions. Universities, as institutions of knowledge, play an important and strategic role in maximizing social and economic benefits in a hands-on way. However, some studies on sustainable development and HEIs reveal a distancing between students and the application of sustainable initiatives in universities. This fact differs from the premises of the Talloires Declaration, which points to students as a community and as global leaders and ambassadors for sustainability. Design/methodology/approach This paper mapped the approaches, present in the literature, used to develop sustainable campuses and in particular the apparent dichotomy between the changes indicated as top-down or bottom-up in HEIs. To that end, scientific articles focused on sustainable actions in HEIs were analyzed to identify implementation approaches for sustainable development and student involvement in the process. Findings Results have shown that sustainability promotion models in universities generally occur in a top-down manner, where students are receptors and not sources of development for sustainable policies in universities. Thus, the authors highlight the importance of students becoming central players in sustainable initiatives. Originality/value The article becomes original when it identifies the dichotomy between top-down and bottom-up approaches. It does so through multidimensional scaling and exploratory factorial analysis in scientific articles on the topic Sustainability Funding in Higher Education. These findings show that, unlike what is discussed in the literature, sustainability promotion in universities generally occurs in a top-down manner, where students are receptors and not active agents in promoting sustainability. In response to this, the authors discussed the importance of the bottom-up approach, where they are key players.

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Sustainable Islands: Defining a Sustainable Development Framework Tailored to the Needs of Islands

10.18235/0002902 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

José Jorge Saavedra ◽

Gerard Alleng

Keyword(s):

Sustainable Development ◽

Economies Of Scale ◽

Small Island ◽

Economic Activities ◽

Current Crisis ◽

Caribbean Islands ◽

Structural Problems ◽

Development Framework ◽

Traditional Approaches ◽

Energy Transportation

Like other Small Island Developing States (SIDS), Caribbean island economies have intrinsic characteristics that make them vulnerable to external shocks. The recent pandemic highlights the structural problems of small island economies. Due to their remote location and small size, islands lack economies of scale and rely on global supply chains, which are currently disrupted. Islands depend either on service-based economic activities like tourism, which are being affected during the current crisis, or on a single commodity, which makes them extremely vulnerable. Islands must rethink their approach to development, adopting one of sustainable development. The Sustainable Islands Platform aims to create a new approach that targets the needs of Caribbean islands and prescribes circular economy-inspired interventions in key areas such as sanitation, waste management, agriculture, fisheries, tourism, energy, transportation, and health. Traditional approaches have not proven successful in solving developing problems on SIDS. Therefore, a new concept that considers islands in a new way should be considered.

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Efektivitas E-Musrenbang di Kota Surabaya dalam Sistem Perencanaan Pembangunan Berparadigma Masyarakat

Otoritas Jurnal Ilmu Pemerintahan ◽

10.26618/ojip.v7i1.387 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 19

Author(s):

Novy Setia Yunas

Keyword(s):

Regional Development ◽

Development Planning ◽

Planning System ◽

Top Down ◽

Important Lesson ◽

Social Contacts ◽

Bottom Up ◽

The Subject ◽

The Government

The success of the development in a region will be greatly determined by the quality of development planning. As planning became the sign posts are clear about what the needs of the citizens with has clear and measurable targets. Development Planning System emphasizes a combination of approaches between top-down and bottom up, which emphasizes the ways aspirational and participatory, so it is realized through the process of development planning or deliberation Musrenbang neighborhood start at various levels up to nationwide. This paper is the result of research that are descriptive studies library which describes the process of implementing E-Musrenbang in Surabaya with a variety of problems. E-Musrenbang successfully applied in Surabaya at least be innovations in development planning system in which during this society wants a forum or social contacts among citizens with the Government in regional development planning. The application of the system of E-Musrenbang in Surabaya became an important lesson for the construction paradigm of society, where society is not only made of the objects but rather the subject of development. Keberhasilan pembangunan di suatu wilayah ditentukan oleh kualitas perencanaan pembangunannya. Sebagaimana perencanaan menjadi penunjuk arah yang jelas tentang apa yang menjadi kebutuhan warga dengan target yang jelas dan terukur. Sistem perencanaan menekankan kombinasi pendekatan antara top-down dan bottom-up, yang lebih menekankan cara-cara aspiratif dan partisipatif, sehingga hal tersebut diwujudkan melalui proses musyawarah perencanaan pembangunan atau Musrenbang di berbagai tingkatan mulai kelurahan hingga Nasional. Tulisan ini merupakan hasil penelitian yang bersifat deskriptif dengan studi kepustakaan yang menjelaskan proses pelaksanaan E- Musrenbang di Surabaya dengan berbagai permasalahannya. Sistem E- Musrenbang yang berhasil diterapkan di Kota Surabaya setidaknya menjadi inovasi dalam sistem perencanaan pembangunan dimana selama ini masyarakat menginginkan sebuah forum atau kontak sosial antara warga dengan pemerintah dalam perencanaan pembangunan daerah. Penerapan sistem E- Musrenbang di Kota Surabaya menjadi sebuah pelajaran penting bagi perencanaan pembangunan berparadigma masyarakat, dimana masyarakat tidak hanya dijadikan objek melainkan subjek pembangunan.

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Transformational Communities: A Programmatic Ambivalence as a Learning Path for the Cognitive Planet

Journal of Sustainable Development ◽

10.5539/jsd.v11n6p152 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 152

Author(s):

Paulo Castro Seixas ◽

Nadine Lobner

Keyword(s):

Sustainable Development ◽

Sustainable Development Goals ◽

Learning Experiences ◽

Top Down ◽

Bottom Up ◽

The Sustainable Development ◽

2030 Agenda ◽

Learning Path ◽

Development Goals

The following article outlines a proposal of a Programmatic Ambivalence as learning path, built from bottom-up and top-down Agendas (Minimalist/Maximalist) of the Sustainable Development Goals. This discussion is placed in the framework of the 2030 Agenda, as well as in the challenge of the Anthropocene. The idea of a Lobby of People is referred for the replication of learning experiences as transformational plans everywhere. To contribute to the importance of a circulation between bottom-up and top-down construction, challenging exploratory models through transformed Communities of Practices are presented.

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Kajian Daerah Resiko Sanitasi Kabupaten Pekalongan (Penerapan Metode EHRA) Sudi Kasus: Kecamatan Kedungwuni

Teknika ◽

10.26623/teknika.v12i1.1190 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 33

Author(s):

Agus Sarwo edi Sudrajat

Keyword(s):

High Risk ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Development Planning ◽

Economic Downturn ◽

Public Attention ◽

Top Down ◽

Bottom Up ◽

Sanitary Condition ◽

Community Behavior ◽

The Village

AbstractSanitation is one of the basic urban infrastructure and requires special attention in its management. The causes of poor sanitation conditions in Indonesia are weak sanitation development planning: not integrated, misdirected, not according to needs, and unsustainable, as well as lack of public attention to clean and healthy living behavior (PHBS). The poor sanitation conditions have a negative impact on many aspects of life, ranging from the decline in quality of life, contamination of drinking water sources, increasing number of diarrhea incidents and the emergence of diseases in infants, decreased competitiveness and image, to the economic downturn. One of the efforts to improve sanitation conditions is by preparing a responsive and sustainable sanitation development plan that has principles based on actual data, at the district / city scale, prepared by the local government: from, by and for districts / cities, and incorporating a bottom-up approach up and top-down. The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of a sanitary condition including the behavior of people who are at risk for environmental health both in the household and its surroundings so that accurate initial information will be obtained according to reality and can be used as a basis for sanitation risk assessment as well as consideration for policy making sanitation sector. One method used is the EHRA is a participatory study to identify the condition of sanitation, hygiene and community behavior on a household scale. The resulting data can be used for the development of sanitation programs including advocacy in the district / city up to the village. Based on the results of the EHRA analysis, it can be concluded that Kedungwuni District has various sanitation risks. The IRS results indicate that the village with a level of risk: is less risk is 6 villages; moderate risk is 5 villages; high risk is 6 villages and very high risk 2 villages.AbstrakSanitasi merupakan salah satu prasarana dasar perkotaan dan memerlukan perhatian yang khusus dalam pengelolaannya. Penyebab buruknya kondisi sanitasi di Indonesia adalah lemahnya perencanaan pembangunan sanitasi: tidak terpadu, salah sasaran, tidak sesuai kebutuhan, dan tidak berkelanjutan, serta kurangnya perhatian masyarakat pada perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat (PHBS). Buruknya kondisi sanitasi ini berdampak negatif di banyak aspek kehidupan, mulai dari turunnya kualitas hidup, tercemarnya sumber air minum, meningkatnya jumlah kejadian diare dan munculnya penyakit pada balita, turunnya daya saing maupun citra, hingga menurunnya perekonomian. Salah satu upaya memperbaiki kondisi sanitasi adalah dengan menyiapkan sebuah perencanaan pembangunan sanitasi yang responsif dan berkelanjutan serta memiliki prinsipberdasarkan data aktual, berskala kabupaten/kota, disusun sendiri oleh pemerintah daerah: dari, oleh, dan untuk kabupaten/kota, serta menggabungkan pendekatan bottom-up dan top-down. Adapun tujuan dalam studi ini adalah memberikan hasil gambaran dari suatu kondisi sanitasi termasuk perilaku masyarakat yang berisiko terhadap kesehatan lingkungan baik dalam rumah tangga maupun sekitarnya sehingga akan diperoleh informasi awal yang akurat sesuai realita dan dapat dipergunakan sebagai dasar dalam penilaian risiko sanitasi sekaligus pertimbangan bagi pengambilan kebijakan bidang sanitasi. Salah satu metode yang digunakan adalah EHRA yaitu sebuah studi partisipatif di untuk mengenai kondisi sanitasi dan higinitas serta perilaku-perilaku masyarakat pada skala rumah tangga.Data yang dihasilkan dapat dimanfaatkan untuk pengembangan program sanitasi termasuk advokasi di kabupaten/kota sampai dengan desa/kelurahan. Berdasarkan hasil analisa EHRA dapat disimpulkan bahwa Kecamatan kedungwuni memiliki resiko sanitasi beragam. Hasil IRS menunjukkan bahwa desa/ kelurahan dengan tingkat resiko: kurang beresiko yaitu 6desa; resiko sedang yaitu 5 desa; resiko tinggi yaitu 6 desa dan resiko sangat tinggi 2 desa.

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