scholarly journals A Pandemic since When?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gal Almogy
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Sharp Increase ◽  
Excess Mortality ◽  
State Level ◽  
Severe Respiratory Distress ◽  
The Us ◽  
Community Transmission ◽  
Sustained Increase

late in December 2019 2019-nCoV was identified as the pathogen responsible for an outbreak of severe respiratory distress in Wuhan, China. The virus was detected in multiple countries during January, but it is believed widespread community transmission began late in February or early March. Since March the virus has caused over 100k confirmed deaths in the US, with some states more severely impacted, notably NY and NJ. Here I examine excess mortality at the national and state level from January through July 2020. I find that the increase in excess mortality began in late February, suggesting the pathogen was circulating undetected earlier than assumed. The timing and intensity of the increase in excess mortality varied across states, with two patterns emerging: an early, sharp increase reaching a peak during April-May, best exemplified by NY and NJ, and a shallower, sustained increase, reaching a peak in late July, observed mostly in the southern regions of the US.

scholarly journals Regional Variations in the Dynamics of the COVID-19 Pandemic in the US

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gal Almogy
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Severe Respiratory Distress ◽  
The Us ◽  
Northern Regions ◽  
Community Transmission ◽  
Sporadic Cases ◽  
Second Wave ◽  
Pandemic Wave ◽  
Overall Mortality

Since identified as the pathogen responsible for an outbreak of severe respiratory distress in Wuhan, China, the 2019-nCoV coronavirus has caused over 30M cases and 1M deaths globally. Sporadic cases were identified in several states in the US from early January, and large-scale community transmission is believed to have started in late February, leading to a first spike in COVID-19 deaths and overall mortality in late April, and a second spike later in the summer. I show here that the dynamics of the pandemic were different in different regions of the US, showing a north-south pattern, with a first pandemic wave mainly in northern regions, followed by a second wave mainly in southern regions. Analysis of overall mortality data shows that the increase in mortality correlates well with COVID-19 incidence in most regions, and that from April through August COVID-19 deaths accounted for a substantial proportion of all deaths in all parts of the US.

DOZ047.33: Neonatal airway emergency: report of two cases

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
P Grazioli ◽  
R Bosio ◽  
C Baronchelli ◽  
A Santoro ◽  
G Chirico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Main Bronchus ◽  
Vocal Folds ◽  
Renal Dysplasia ◽  
Severe Respiratory Distress ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Emergency Tracheostomy ◽  
The Us ◽  
Multicystic Renal Dysplasia

Abstract Objective This paper discusses two cases of congenital airway malformations that presented in NICU in a four-month period. The aim is to present extremely rare evidences that inevitably lead to the death of the patient if not correctly identified during pregnancy. Case 1: male twin born at 34 weeks by emergency caesarean section to a 37-year-old mother. Antenatal history was notable for in vitro fertilization and renal dysplasia. Immediately after delivery, there was respiratory distress, cyanosis, with a 1- and 5-min Apgar score of 0 and 1, respectively. He required ventilation and was supposed intubated orally with significant difficulty with a 2.0 mm ETT. For persistent ventilation problems and severe combined acidosis, the neonatologists tried without success to reintubate the patient. Some hours later, the otolaryngologist was called and was again unable to intubate with flexible laryngoscopy due to an obstruction that prevented advancement of the endotracheal tube past the vocal folds, but since the baby general conditions had been already deteriorated a decision to withdraw the treatment was made. He died after few hours. Postmortem revealed a polymalformative syndrome with subglottic complete diaphragm, a tracheoesophageal fistula 1 cm caudally to the diaphragm and unilateral multicystic renal dysplasia. Case 2: male vaginally delivery at 35 weeks to a 43-year-old mother with gestational diabetes. Antenatally, ‘VACTERL’ association was suspected on the basis of the US and a MRI was planned but not performed because of the early delivery. Following the delivery, there was severe respiratory distress, no audible cry, and ventilation was not effective in relieving the respiratory distress. Subsequent intubation was unsuccessful. An emergency tracheostomy was attempted: the larynx was identified, but only a tracheal stump was present on neck exploration. Postmortem confirmed type II (according to Floyd) tracheal agenesis with the esophagus connect to the main bronchus, renal dysplasia, anal atresia, and single umbilical artery. Conclusion Clinicians need to be aware of congenital airway malformation and subsequent difficulties upon endotracheal intubation and they have to be prepared to plan a multidisciplinary management at the delivery including emergency intubation through esophageal fistula.

scholarly journals County-Level Estimates of Excess Mortality associated with COVID-19 in the United States

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Calvin A. Ackley ◽  
Dielle J. Lundberg ◽  
Irma T. Elo ◽  
Samuel H. Preston ◽  
Andrew C. Stokes
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Excess Mortality ◽  
State Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Middle Atlantic ◽  
South Central ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Counties ◽  
Excess Deaths

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in the US has been largely monitored on the basis of death certificates containing reference to COVID-19. However, prior analyses reveal that a significant fraction of excess deaths associated with the pandemic were not directly assigned to COVID-19 on the death certificate. The percent of excess deaths not assigned to COVID-19 is also known to vary across US states. However, few studies to date provide information on patterns of excess mortality and excess deaths not assigned to COVID-19 for US counties, despite the importance of this information for health policy and planning. In the present study, we develop and validate a generalized linear model of expected mortality in 2020 based on historical trends in deaths by county of residence between 2011 and 2019. We use the results of the model to generate county estimates of excess mortality and excess deaths not assigned to COVID-19 for each county in the US along with bootstrapped prediction intervals. Overall, the proportion of excess deaths assigned to COVID-19 was 81%, meaning that 19% of excess deaths were not assigned to COVID-19. The proportion assigned to COVID-19 was lower in the South (76%) and West (75%) as compared to counties in the Midwest (81%) and Northeast (94%). Across US Census Divisions, the proportion was especially low in the East South Central Division (67%). Rural counties across all divisions (67%) reported lower proportions of excess deaths assigned to COVID-19 than urban areas (83%). For instance, in the Middle Atlantic and Pacific Divisions respectively, only 47% and 39% of excess deaths were assigned to COVID-19 in nonmetro areas. In contrast, the New England Census Division stood out as the only division where directly assigned COVID-19 deaths actually exceeded excess deaths, meaning there were 1.23 directly assigned COVID-19 deaths for every 1 excess death. However, this finding did not extend to nonmetro areas within New England where only 64% of excess deaths were assigned to COVID-19. The finding that metro areas in New England reported higher direct COVID-19 mortality than excess mortality suggests that reductions in mortality from other causes of death may have occurred in these areas, at least among some populations. Across individual counties, the percentage of excess deaths not assigned to COVID-19 varied substantially, with some counties’ direct COVID-19 tallies capturing only a small fraction of total excess deaths, whereas in other counties the direct COVID-19 death rate far exceeded the number of estimated excess deaths. Taken together, our results suggest that regional inequalities in the mortality burden associated with COVID-19 are not fully revealed by data at the state level and that consideration of excess deaths across US counties is critical for a full accounting of the disparate regional effects of the pandemic on US mortality.

The 1970s Fiscal Squeeze

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Hood ◽  
Rozana Himaz
Keyword(s):  
Trade Union ◽  
Sharp Increase ◽  
Currency Crisis ◽  
Public Spending ◽  
Oil Prices ◽  
Labour Government ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Government ◽  
Double Digit ◽  
New System

This chapter describes fiscal squeeze in an era of high political volatility and major economic challenges, including mass unemployment, a sharp increase in oil prices, double-digit inflation (i.e. a period of ‘stagflation’), and high levels of trade union militancy. The most dramatic period during the episode occurred in 1976, involving a split Labour Government under two different leaders, with a leadership election following a sudden prime ministerial resignation. That government pursued fiscal squeeze against the background of a deep currency crisis and bailout deals with outside lenders (the US Government and the IMF). The squeeze episode also led to some important institutional developments, producing the first major privatization since the 1950s and a new system of controlling public spending through ‘cash limits’.

scholarly journals Analysis of 220 Years of Floodplain Population Dynamics in the US at Different Spatial Scales

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
Firoza Akhter ◽  
Maurizio Mazzoleni ◽  
Luigia Brandimarte
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
National Level ◽  
State Level ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Management Planning ◽  
The Us ◽  
Over Time

In this study, we explore the long-term trends of floodplain population dynamics at different spatial scales in the contiguous United States (U.S.). We exploit different types of datasets from 1790–2010—i.e., decadal spatial distribution for the population density in the US, global floodplains dataset, large-scale data of flood occurrence and damage, and structural and nonstructural flood protection measures for the US. At the national level, we found that the population initially settled down within the floodplains and then spread across its territory over time. At the state level, we observed that flood damages and national protection measures might have contributed to a learning effect, which in turn, shaped the floodplain population dynamics over time. Finally, at the county level, other socio-economic factors such as local flood insurances, economic activities, and socio-political context may predominantly influence the dynamics. Our study shows that different influencing factors affect floodplain population dynamics at different spatial scales. These facts are crucial for a reliable development and implementation of flood risk management planning.

scholarly journals Associations between Google Search Trends for Symptoms and COVID-19 Confirmed and Death Cases in the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4560
Author(s):  
Mostafa Abbas ◽  
Thomas B. Morland ◽  
Eric S. Hall ◽  
Yasser EL-Manzalawy
Keyword(s):  
Functional Data ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
State Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Functional Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Dynamic Correlation ◽  
The Us ◽  
Google Search

We utilize functional data analysis techniques to investigate patterns of COVID-19 positivity and mortality in the US and their associations with Google search trends for COVID-19-related symptoms. Specifically, we represent state-level time series data for COVID-19 and Google search trends for symptoms as smoothed functional curves. Given these functional data, we explore the modes of variation in the data using functional principal component analysis (FPCA). We also apply functional clustering analysis to identify patterns of COVID-19 confirmed case and death trajectories across the US. Moreover, we quantify the associations between Google COVID-19 search trends for symptoms and COVID-19 confirmed case and death trajectories using dynamic correlation. Finally, we examine the dynamics of correlations for the top nine Google search trends of symptoms commonly associated with COVID-19 confirmed case and death trajectories. Our results reveal and characterize distinct patterns for COVID-19 spread and mortality across the US. The dynamics of these correlations suggest the feasibility of using Google queries to forecast COVID-19 cases and mortality for up to three weeks in advance. Our results and analysis framework set the stage for the development of predictive models for forecasting COVID-19 confirmed cases and deaths using historical data and Google search trends for nine symptoms associated with both outcomes.

A homozygous variant in ABCA3 is associated with severe respiratory distress and early neonatal death

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Montaha Al‐Iede ◽  
Mariam Khanfar ◽  
Luma Srour ◽  
Raja Rabah ◽  
Mousa Al‐Abbadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Neonatal Death ◽  
Early Neonatal Death ◽  
Severe Respiratory Distress ◽  
Homozygous Variant

scholarly journals Intraoral teratoma in a newborn presenting as severe respiratory distress

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 (mar25 1) ◽  
pp. bcr2013008735-bcr2013008735 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. K. Kundal ◽  
M. Gajdhar ◽  
C. Sharma ◽  
R. Kundal
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Severe Respiratory Distress
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