scholarly journals Vitamin D Modulates Intestinal Microbiota in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Battistini ◽  
Rafael Ballan ◽  
Marcos Herkenhoff ◽  
Susana Saad ◽  
Jun Sun
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Dihydroxyvitamin D3 ◽  
Host Interactions ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal0 tract (GIT), including Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), which differ in the location and lesion extensions. Both diseases are associated with microbiota dysbiosis, with a reduced population of butyrate-producing species, abnormal inflammatory response, and micronutrient deficiency (e. g. vitamin D hypovitaminosis). Vitamin D (VitD) is involved in immune cell differentiation, gut microbiota modulation, gene transcription, and barrier integrity. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) regulates the biological actions of the active VitD (1α, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3), and is involved in the genetic, environmental, immune, and microbial aspects of IBD. VitD deficiency is correlated with disease activity and its administration targeting a concentration of 30 ng/mL may have the potential to reduce disease activity. Moreover, VDR regulates functions of T cells and Paneth cells and modulates release of antimicrobial peptides in gut microbiota-host interactions. Meanwhile, beneficial microbial metabolites, e.g. butyrate, upregulate the VDR signaling. In this review, we summarize the clinical progress and mechanism studies on VitD /VDR related to gut microbiota modulation in IBD. We also discuss epigenetics in IBD and the probiotic regulation of VDR. Furthermore, we discuss the existing challenges and future directions. There is a lack of well-designed clinical trials exploring the appropriate dose and the influence of gender, age, ethnicity, genetics, microbiome, and metabolic disorders in IBD subtypes. To move forward, we need well-designed therapeutic studies to examine whether enhanced vitamin D will restore functions of VDR and microbiome in inhibiting chronic inflammation.

scholarly journals Vitamin D Modulates Intestinal Microbiota in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 362
Author(s):  
Carolina Battistini ◽  
Rafael Ballan ◽  
Marcos Edgar Herkenhoff ◽  
Susana Marta Isay Saad ◽  
Jun Sun
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Dihydroxyvitamin D3 ◽  
Host Interactions ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), including Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), which differ in the location and lesion extensions. Both diseases are associated with microbiota dysbiosis, with a reduced population of butyrate-producing species, abnormal inflammatory response, and micronutrient deficiency (e.g., vitamin D hypovitaminosis). Vitamin D (VitD) is involved in immune cell differentiation, gut microbiota modulation, gene transcription, and barrier integrity. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) regulates the biological actions of the active VitD (1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3), and is involved in the genetic, environmental, immune, and microbial aspects of IBD. VitD deficiency is correlated with disease activity and its administration targeting a concentration of 30 ng/mL may have the potential to reduce disease activity. Moreover, VDR regulates functions of T cells and Paneth cells and modulates release of antimicrobial peptides in gut microbiota-host interactions. Meanwhile, beneficial microbial metabolites, e.g., butyrate, upregulate the VDR signaling. In this review, we summarize the clinical progress and mechanism studies on VitD/VDR related to gut microbiota modulation in IBD. We also discuss epigenetics in IBD and the probiotic regulation of VDR. Furthermore, we discuss the existing challenges and future directions. There is a lack of well-designed clinical trials exploring the appropriate dose and the influence of gender, age, ethnicity, genetics, microbiome, and metabolic disorders in IBD subtypes. To move forward, we need well-designed therapeutic studies to examine whether enhanced vitamin D will restore functions of VDR and microbiome in inhibiting chronic inflammation.

scholarly journals Vitamin D Modulates Intestinal Microbiota in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Battistini ◽  
Rafael Ballan ◽  
Marcos Herkenhoff ◽  
Susana Saad ◽  
Jun Sun
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Dihydroxyvitamin D3 ◽  
Intestinal Dysbiosis ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Intestine Mucosa ◽  
Transmural Inflammation ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic disease in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). IBD include ulcerative colitis (UC), which generally affects only the large intestine mucosa and submucosa, and Crohn’s disease (CD), which may affect any part of the GIT by transmural inflammation. Both UC and CD are associated with an imbalance of the gut microbiota composition and injuries in the intestinal mucosa. The intestinal dysbiosis is related to a reduction in butyrate-producing species, impairing the anti-inflammatory response of the immune system, and is commonly associated with micronutrients deficiency, e.g. vitamin D hypovitaminosis. Vitamin D is involved in several critical functions, including immune cell differentiation, regulation of microbiota, gene transcription, and barrier integrity. Vitamin D supplementation in IBD patients showed promising results in reducing the disease activity and modulating gut microbiota. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) regulates the biological actions of the active vitamin D metabolite, 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Evidence supports that the VDR signaling is involved in the genetic, environmental, immune, and microbial aspects of IBD. Low VDR expression and dysfunction of vitamin D/VDR signaling are reported in IBD patients. Vitamin D/VDR deficiency could be considered as a multifunctional susceptibility factor in IBD. Therefore, in this review, we will discuss the progress in clinical studies, mechanism studies on Vitamin D /VDR, and potential use of vitamin D supplementation as adjuvant therapy to restore gut microbiota balance, promote beneficial metabolites, and inhibit inflammation status in patients with IBD.

Vitamin D Deficiency Associated with Disease Activity in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (10) ◽  
pp. 3085-3091 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Torki ◽  
Ali Gholamrezaei ◽  
Leila Mirbagher ◽  
Manijeh Danesh ◽  
Sara Kheiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

scholarly journals Vitamin D in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Mechanisms of Action and Therapeutic Implications

Nutrients ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 269
Author(s):  
Filippo Vernia ◽  
Marco Valvano ◽  
Salvatore Longo ◽  
Nicola Cesaro ◽  
Angelo Viscido ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

(1) Background: Vitamin D is an immunoregulatory factor influencing intestinal homeostasis. Recent evidence supports a central role of this micronutrient in the course of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD). This narrative review aims to provide a general overview of the possible biological mechanisms of action of vitamin D and its therapeutic implications in IBD. (2) Methods: A systematic electronic search of the English literature up to October 2021 was performed using Medline and the Cochrane Library. Only papers written in English that analyzed the role of vitamin D in IBD were included. (3) Results: In vitro and animal studies reported that vitamin D signaling improves epithelial barrier integrity regulating the expression of several junctional proteins, defensins, and mucins, modulates the inflammatory response, and affects gut microbiome composition. Recent studies also suggest that vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent among IBD patients and that low serum levels correlate with disease activity and, less clearly, with disease course. (4) Conclusions: An increasing body of evidence suggests some role of vitamin D in the pathophysiology of IBD, nonetheless the underlying mechanisms have been so far only partially elucidated. A strong correlation with disease activity has been reported but its implication in the treatment is still undefined. Thus, studies focused on this issue, the definition of vitamin D levels responsible for clinical effects, and the potential role of vitamin D as a therapeutic agent are strongly encouraged.

scholarly journals Targeting Immune Cell Trafficking – Insights From Research Models and Implications for Future IBD Therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maximilian Wiendl ◽  
Emily Becker ◽  
Tanja M. Müller ◽  
Caroline J. Voskens ◽  
Markus F. Neurath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Cell ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Cell Trafficking ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Immune Cell Trafficking ◽  
Multifactorial Diseases ◽  
Medical Need ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), including Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are multifactorial diseases with still unknown aetiology and an increasing prevalence and incidence worldwide. Despite plentiful therapeutic options for IBDs, the lack or loss of response in certain patients demands the development of further treatments to tackle this unmet medical need. In recent years, the success of the anti-α4β7 antibody vedolizumab highlighted the potential of targeting the homing of immune cells, which is now an important pillar of IBD therapy. Due to its complexity, leukocyte trafficking and the involved molecules offer a largely untapped resource for a plethora of potential therapeutic interventions. In this review, we aim to summarise current and future directions of specifically interfering with immune cell trafficking. We will comment on concepts of homing, retention and recirculation and particularly focus on the role of tissue-derived chemokines. Moreover, we will give an overview of the mode of action of drugs currently in use or still in the pipeline, highlighting their mechanisms and potential to reduce disease burden.

Localization and Activity of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Using 111ln Leukocyte Imaging

1988 ◽  
Vol 27 (03) ◽  
pp. 83-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Briele ◽  
F. Wolf ◽  
H. J. Biersack ◽  
F. F. Knapp ◽  
A. Hotze
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Cell Uptake ◽  
Disease Extent ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Leukocyte Imaging

A prospective study was initiated to compare the clinically proven results concerning localization/extent and activity of inflammatory bowel diseases with those of 111ln-oxine leukocyte imaging. All patients studied were completely examined with barium enema x-ray, clinical and laboratory investigations, and endoscopy with histopathology. A total of 31 leukocyte scans were performed in 15 patients (12 with Crohn’s disease, 3 with ulcerative colitis). The scans were graded by comparing the cell uptake of a lesion (when present) and a bone marrow area providing a count ratio (CR). The inflammatory lesions were correctly localized on 26 leukocyte scans, and in 21 scans the scintigraphically estimated extent of disease was identical to endoscopy. In 5 cases the disease extent was underestimated, 4 scans in patients with relapse of Crohn’s disease were falsely negative, and in one patient with remission truly negative. The scintigraphically assessed disease activity was also in a good agreement with clinical disease activity based on histopathology in all cases. We conclude that leukocyte imaging provides valuable information about localization and activity of inflammatory bowel disease.

scholarly journals AB0689 THE IMPORTANCE OF THE SUN. VITAMIN D AND SPONDYLOARTHRITIS: OUR EXPERIENCE IN A THIRD LEVEL HOSPITAL.

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1640.2-1640
Author(s):  
I. González Fernández ◽  
C. Álvarez Castro ◽  
C. Moriano ◽  
A. López Robles ◽  
X. E. Larco Rojas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Hypovitaminosis D ◽  
Lower Severity ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Former Smokers ◽  
Low Levels

Background:Vitamin D plays an important role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, so that it has been shown that an adequate level is associated with a lower risk of developing this group of entities as well as a lower severity of them. Specifically, in spondyloarthritis (SpA) the deficiency has been associated with greater aggressiveness and greater radiological progression.Objectives:Assess levels of vitamin D in patients diagnosed with SpA in the León University Assistance Complex and study its possible relationship with different clinical-epidemiological variables.Methods:Prospective observational study between January 1, 2019 and December 31, 2019 with consecutive sampling of patients diagnosed with SpA (New York criteria, ASAS) in our hospital between 1973 and 2018. It was taken as a cut-off point for vitamin normality D those values ≥ 30 ng / ml. The disease activity was assessed based on BASDAI and CRP level (taking as a cut-off point 5 mg/l, reference value of our hospital and ruling out elevation due to intercurrent processes) in the last consultation. Positive values above 130 mlg/dL were considered for the orosomucoid and for calprotectin as undetermined values between 50-100 mg/kg feces and suspected IBD greater than 100 mg/kg feces. An attempt was made to link the value of vitamin D with disease activity, tobacco, the development of uveitis and the presence of subclinical intestinal inflammation.Results:132 patients were included, of which 60.6% were men with a mean age of 49.35 ± 12.95 years. 84.8% were B27 positive. 88.6% met New York criteria. 35.6% suffered uveitis at some time during their evolution. As for tobacco, 68.2% were non-smokers, 12.9% were former smokers and 18.9% were active smokers. 6.8% of the sample presented positivity for the orosomucoid and 37.8% alterations in calprotectin (of which 24.2% were undetermined and 13.6% suspected of inflammatory bowel disease). Only 25% of patients had elevated CRP levels and 11.4% of patients had BASDAI> 4. 50.8% of our sample had optimal levels of Vitamin D while 49.2% were at low values.A statistically significant association was observed between hypovitaminosis D and elevated CRP levels (p 0.038). In our sample we found no statistical association with uveitis or with markers of subclinical inflammatory activity.Conclusion:-Almost half of the patients in our sample have hypovitaminosis D which is probably attributable to the meteorological characteristics of León region.-Low levels of vitamin D are statistically significantly related to higher levels of CRP and, therefore, with greater disease activity.-No significant relationship was found with uveitis or with a higher risk of subclinical intestinal inflammation in our simple.References:[1]Castro Domínguez F, Salman Monte TC, Blanch Rubió J. Vitamin D in rheumatic diseases.Rev Osteoporos Metab Miner. 2017; 9 (1) supplement: 31-39.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

scholarly journals Rediscovering histology: what is new in endoscopy for inflammatory bowel disease?

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 175628482110056
Author(s):  
Virginia Solitano ◽  
Ferdinando D’Amico ◽  
Mariangela Allocca ◽  
Gionata Fiorino ◽  
Alessandra Zilli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Activity ◽  
Narrow Band Imaging ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
Cancer Surveillance ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
High Expectations ◽  
Endoscopic Techniques ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

The potential of endoscopic evaluation in the management of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) has undoubtedly grown over the last few years. When dealing with IBD patients, histological remission (HR) is now considered a desirable target along with symptomatic and endoscopic remission, due to its association with better long-term outcomes. Consequently, the ability of endoscopic techniques to reflect microscopic findings in vivo without having to collect biopsies has become of upmost importance. In this context, a more accurate evaluation of inflammatory disease activity and the detection of dysplasia represent two mainstay targets for IBD endoscopists. New diagnostic technologies have been developed, such as dye-less chromoendoscopy, endomicroscopy, and molecular imaging, but their real incorporation in daily practice is not yet well defined. Although dye-chromoendoscopy is still recommended as the gold standard approach in dysplasia surveillance, recent research questioned the superiority of this technique over new advanced dye-less modalities [narrow band imaging (NBI), Fuji intelligent color enhancement (FICE), i-scan, blue light imaging (BLI) and linked color imaging (LCI)]. The endoscopic armamentarium might also be enriched by new video capsule endoscopy for monitoring disease activity, and high expectations are placed on the application of artificial intelligence (AI) systems to reduce operator-subjectivity and inter-observer variability. The goal of this review is to provide an updated insight on contemporary knowledge regarding new endoscopic techniques and devices, with special focus on their role in the assessment of disease activity and colorectal cancer surveillance.

scholarly journals Mediterranean Diet to Prevent the Development of Colon Diseases: A Meta-Analysis of Gut Microbiota Studies

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2234
Author(s):  
Oscar Illescas ◽  
Miriam Rodríguez-Sosa ◽  
Manuela Gariboldi
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Preventive Measure ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Preventive Method ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Colon Diseases ◽  
Cancer And Inflammation

Gut microbiota dysbiosis is a common feature in colorectal cancer (CRC) and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Adoption of the Mediterranean diet (MD) has been proposed as a therapeutic approach for the prevention of multiple diseases, and one of its mechanisms of action is the modulation of the microbiota. We aimed to determine whether MD can be used as a preventive measure against cancer and inflammation-related diseases of the gut, based on its capacity to modulate the local microbiota. A joint meta-analysis of publicly available 16S data derived from subjects following MD or other diets and from patients with CRC, IBD, or other gut-related diseases was conducted. We observed that the microbiota associated with MD was enriched in bacteria that promote an anti-inflammatory environment but low in taxa with pro-inflammatory properties capable of altering intestinal barrier functions. We found an opposite trend in patients with intestinal diseases, including cancer. Some of these differences were maintained even when MD was compared to healthy controls without a defined diet. Our findings highlight the unique effects of MD on the gut microbiota and suggest that integrating MD principles into a person’s lifestyle may serve as a preventive method against cancer and other gut-related diseases.

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