Seascape Genomics of the Sugar Kelp Saccharina latissima Along the North Eastern Atlantic Latitudinal Gradient

Temperature is one of the most important range-limiting factors for many seaweeds. Driven by the recent climatic changes, rapid northward shifts of species’ distribution ranges can potentially modify the phylogeographic signature of Last Glacial Maximum such as increased genetic diversity at lower latitudes. To explore this question in detail in the kelp Saccharina latissima, we used microsatellites and double digest RAD-sequencing derived SNPs on S. latissima sporophytes sampled within 11 sites spanning the entire European Atlantic latitudinal range of this species. In addition, we checked for statistical correlation between genetic marker allele frequencies and three environmental proxies (sea surface temperature, salinity, and water turbidity). Our findings revealed that genetic diversity was significantly higher for the northern localities compared to the southern ones in contrast to the expected phylogeographic pattern. This suggests that the southernmost S. latissima populations are negatively affected by the recent climatic changes but also that the recolonization of S. latissima range following the LGM may have occurred from northerly refugia. Seven SNPs and 12 microsatellite alleles were found to be significantly associated with at least one of the three environmental variables. We discuss the potential adaptive functions of the genes associated with the outlier markers and the importance of these markers for successful conservation and aquaculture strategies for S. latissima in this age of rapid global change.

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Seascape Genomics of the Sugar Kelp Saccharina latissima along the North Eastern Atlantic Latitudinal Gradient

Genes ◽

10.3390/genes11121503 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 1503

Author(s):

Jaromir Guzinski ◽

Paolo Ruggeri ◽

Marion Ballenghien ◽

Stephane Mauger ◽

Bertrand Jacquemin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Climatic Changes ◽

Statistical Correlation ◽

Limiting Factors ◽

Saccharina Latissima ◽

Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽

Marker Allele ◽

The North ◽

Distribution Ranges ◽

Genetic Diversity And Structure

Temperature is one of the most important range-limiting factors for many seaweeds. Driven by the recent climatic changes, rapid northward shifts of species’ distribution ranges can potentially modify the phylogeographic signature of Last Glacial Maximum. We explored this question in detail in the cold-tolerant kelp species Saccharina latissima, using microsatellites and double digest restriction site-associated DNA sequencing ( ddRAD-seq) derived single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to analyze the genetic diversity and structure in 11 sites spanning the entire European Atlantic latitudinal range of this species. In addition, we checked for statistical correlation between genetic marker allele frequencies and three environmental proxies (sea surface temperature, salinity, and water turbidity). Our findings revealed that genetic diversity was significantly higher for the northernmost locality (Spitsbergen) compared to the southern ones (Northern Iberia), which we discuss in light of the current state of knowledge on phylogeography of S. latissima and the potential influence of the recent climatic changes on the population structure of this species. Seven SNPs and 12 microsatellite alleles were found to be significantly associated with at least one of the three environmental variables. We speculate on the putative adaptive functions of the genes associated with the outlier markers and the importance of these markers for successful conservation and aquaculture strategies for S. latissima in this age of rapid global change.

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Genetic diversity of Saccharina latissima (Phaeophyceae) along a salinity gradient in the North Sea-Baltic Sea transition zone

Journal of Phycology ◽

10.1111/jpy.12428 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 52 (4) ◽

pp. 523-531 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Mette Møller Nielsen ◽

Cristina Paulino ◽

João Neiva ◽

Dorte Krause-Jensen ◽

Annette Bruhn ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Baltic Sea ◽

Transition Zone ◽

North Sea ◽

Salinity Gradient ◽

Saccharina Latissima ◽

The North ◽

The North Sea

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Genetic diversity in natural and introduced island populations of koalas in Queensland

Australian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1071/zo12075 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 60 (5) ◽

pp. 303 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Kristen E. Lee ◽

Jennifer M. Seddon ◽

Stephen Johnston ◽

Sean I. FitzGibbon ◽

Frank Carrick ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Allelic Richness ◽

Island Population ◽

Founder Effects ◽

Phascolarctos Cinereus ◽

Island Populations ◽

The North ◽

Mitochondrial Haplotypes ◽

Naturally Occurring ◽

Microsatellite Alleles

Island populations of animals are expected to show reduced genetic variation and increased incidence of inbreeding because of founder effects and the susceptibility of small populations to the effects of genetic drift. Koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) occur naturally in a patchy distribution across much of the eastern Australian mainland and on a small number of islands near the Australian coast. We compared the genetic diversity of the naturally occurring population of koalas on North Stradbroke Island in south-east Queensland with other island populations including the introduced group on St Bees Island in central Queensland. The population on St Bees Island shows higher diversity (allelic richness 4.1, He = 0.67) than the North Stradbroke Island population (allelic richness 3.2, He = 0.55). Koalas on Brampton, Newry and Rabbit Islands possessed microsatellite alleles that were not identified from St Bees Island koalas, indicating that it is most unlikely that these populations were established by a sole secondary introduction from St Bees Island. Mitochondrial haplotypes on the central Queensland islands were more similar to a haplotype found at Springsure in central Queensland and the inland clades in south-east Queensland, rather than the coastal clade in south-east Queensland.

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GENETIC DIVERSITY OF FISH (MUGIL CEPHALUS L.) IN VIETNAM USING SSR MARKERS

Vietnam Journal of Biotechnology ◽

10.15625/1811-4989/16/2/13436 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 267-272

Author(s):

Tran Thi Viet Thanh ◽

Phan Ke Long ◽

Jean Dominique Durand ◽

Dinh Thi Phong

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Polymorphic Information Content ◽

Polymorphic Marker ◽

Mugil Cephalus ◽

The South ◽

Average Value ◽

The North ◽

Distribution Ranges ◽

Gulf Of Tonkin ◽

Relationship Of

The flathead grey mullet species (Mugil cephalus L.) Vietnam is an euryhaline fish whose distribution ranges from the North to the South. Currently, M. cephalus is facing the threat of overexploitation, and the number of individuals in most populations is declining fast. In order to conserve the species in Vietnam, it is necessary to evaluate its genetic diversity. Therefore, this study was carried out in Vietnam from August 2012 to June 2015. The results of our study provided the analysis for 12 locus microsatellites (SSR) from 70 mature individuals (standard length > 25 cm). The study also identified a total of 35 alleles for all loci studied, among which 10 loci were polymorphic. Average value of polymorphic information content (PIC) for each polymorphic marker was 0.2889 (0.0289 to 0.5918). Coefficient heterozygous gene Ho = 0.942; He = 0.517; Fst = 0.216; Fis = - 0.8211 (Fis < 0). The genetic relationship of 70 specimens or M. cephalus in Vietnam were divided in three main groups according to three specific geographic distributions in the country, the Gulf of Tonkin, the Central and the South. There were also mixed clusters observed among the three studied regions. Individuals in close geographical distance often clustered together and formed separate groups, in which the level of molecular changes were quite low, 29% among populations, and 71% among individuals within the same population.

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Distribution of genetic diversity in Fagus sylvatica at the north-eastern edge of the natural range

Silva Fennica ◽

10.14214/sf.1663 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 50 (4) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Marta Kempf ◽

Monika Konnert

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Fagus Sylvatica ◽

The North ◽

North Eastern ◽

Natural Range ◽

Eastern Edge

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Sequence typing reveals extensive strain diversity of the Lyme borreliosis agents Borrelia burgdorferi in North America and Borrelia afzelii in Europe

Microbiology ◽

10.1099/mic.0.26944-0 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 150 (6) ◽

pp. 1741-1755 ◽

Cited By ~ 217

Author(s):

Jonas Bunikis ◽

Ulf Garpmo ◽

Jean Tsao ◽

Johan Berglund ◽

Durland Fish ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Genetic Diversity ◽

Membrane Protein ◽

Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽

Outer Membrane ◽

Lyme Borreliosis ◽

Outer Membrane Protein ◽

Eastern United States ◽

The North ◽

North Eastern

The genetic polymorphism of Borrelia burgdorferi and Borrelia afzelii, two species that cause Lyme borreliosis, was estimated by sequence typing of four loci: the rrs–rrlA intergenic spacer (IGS) and the outer-membrane-protein gene p66 on the chromosome, and the outer-membrane-protein genes ospA and ospC on plasmids. The major sources of DNA for PCR amplification and sequencing were samples of the B. burgdorferi tick vector Ixodes scapularis, collected at a field site in an endemic region of the north-eastern United States, and the B. afzelii vector Ixodes ricinus, collected at a similar site in southern Sweden. The sequences were compared with those of reference strains and skin biopsy isolates, as well as database sequences. For B. burgdorferi, 10–13 alleles for each of the 4 loci, and a total of 9 distinct clonal lineages with linkage of all 4 loci, were found. For B. afzelii, 2 loci, ospC and IGS, were examined, and 11 IGS genotypes, 12 ospC alleles, and a total of 9 linkage groups were identified. The genetic variants of B. burgdorferi and B. afzelii among samples from the field sites accounted for the greater part of the genetic diversity previously reported from larger areas of the north-eastern United States and central and northern Europe. Although ospC alleles of both species had higher nucleotide diversity than other loci, the ospC locus showed evidence of intragenic recombination and was unsuitable for phylogenetic inference. In contrast, there was no detectable recombination at the IGS locus of B. burgdorferi. Moreover, beyond the signature nucleotides that specified 10 IGS genotypes, there were additional nucleotide polymorphisms that defined a total of 24 subtypes. Maximum-likelihood and parsimony cladograms of B. burgdorferi aligned IGS sequences revealed the subtype sequences to be terminal branches of clades, and the existence of at least three monophyletic lineages within B. burgdorferi. It is concluded that B. burgdorferi and B. afzelii have greater genetic diversity than had previously been estimated, and that the IGS locus alone is sufficient for strain typing and phylogenetic studies.

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ORCHIDS GENETIC DIVERSITY FOR BLOOMING FLORICULTURE INDUSTRY

Journal of Floriculture and Landscaping ◽

10.25081/jfcls.2017.v3.3569 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 07-10

Author(s):

P. KARUPPAIAH

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Foreign Exchange ◽

Value Added ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Potted Plants ◽

The North ◽

Rich Diversity ◽

North Eastern ◽

Micro Propagation ◽

Planting Materials

India is bestowed with different agro-climatic conditions and soil. This makes the country particularly suitable for growing a wide variety of horticulture crops especially flowers. Among the flowers, the orchids represent a fairly young, highly diverse, and successful family of flowering plants, the Orchidaceae. It is still in an active state of speciation. Some of their botanically significant features are presence of intricately fabricated and long-lasting flowers. The numerical strength of orchids, in terms of species have been variously assessed between 17,000 and 35,000. The orchids are in cosmopolitan in distribution. Rhizanthella gardneri and R. slateri are subterranean in habit and Corallorrhiza innata a rootless parasite. The orchids are essentially out breeders, having adapted to insect pollinations. India with a vast geographic expanse and climatic ones ranging from tropical to temperate, supports a rich diversity of flora. The orchids have naturalized here in great profusion; the North Eastern, the Himalayan, and the Peninsular regions (on the main land) and the Andaman and Nicobar region (off shores) are the major orchid habitats in the country, while the occurrence of nearly 1100 species in 157 genera are representing all the major orchid tribes. Efforts have been made to evolve strategies for ensuring the survival and maintenance of genetic diversity that still exists in these plants. In this connection, one need not overstress the importance of orchid breeding. Unfortunately, orchid breeding is still in infancy in the country. Now, there is a need to improve floriculture breeding to reduce the foreign exchange for good quality planting materials. Hence, it is important to explore the orchid wealth of the country. Important floriculture traits, geographical distribution and utility of orchids will also be discussed at length. Further, there is a need to create suitable varieties to different agro-climatic horti-silvi system and socio-economic condition. Since floriculture trade and consumption are increasing rapidly worldwide, there is a blooming opportunity for India to achieve better growth in its production and export due to presence of high amount of diversity in indigenous orchids flora, thus earning valuable foreign exchange through florist trade, nursery of plant saplings, potted plants, bulb and seed production, micro-propagation and other value added products of orchids.

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