scholarly journals ORCHIDS GENETIC DIVERSITY FOR BLOOMING FLORICULTURE INDUSTRY

2017 ◽  
pp. 07-10
Author(s):  
P. KARUPPAIAH
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Foreign Exchange ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Potted Plants ◽  
The North ◽  
Rich Diversity ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Micro Propagation ◽  
Planting Materials

India is bestowed with different agro-climatic conditions and soil. This makes the country particularly suitable for growing a wide variety of horticulture crops especially flowers. Among the flowers, the orchids represent a fairly young, highly diverse, and successful family of flowering plants, the Orchidaceae. It is still in an active state of speciation. Some of their botanically significant features are presence of intricately fabricated and long-lasting flowers. The numerical strength of orchids, in terms of species have been variously assessed between 17,000 and 35,000. The orchids are in cosmopolitan in distribution. Rhizanthella gardneri and R. slateri are subterranean in habit and Corallorrhiza innata a rootless parasite. The orchids are essentially out breeders, having adapted to insect pollinations. India with a vast geographic expanse and climatic ones ranging from tropical to temperate, supports a rich diversity of flora. The orchids have naturalized here in great profusion; the North Eastern, the Himalayan, and the Peninsular regions (on the main land) and the Andaman and Nicobar region (off shores) are the major orchid habitats in the country, while the occurrence of nearly 1100 species in 157 genera are representing all the major orchid tribes. Efforts have been made to evolve strategies for ensuring the survival and maintenance of genetic diversity that still exists in these plants. In this connection, one need not overstress the importance of orchid breeding. Unfortunately, orchid breeding is still in infancy in the country. Now, there is a need to improve floriculture breeding to reduce the foreign exchange for good quality planting materials. Hence, it is important to explore the orchid wealth of the country. Important floriculture traits, geographical distribution and utility of orchids will also be discussed at length. Further, there is a need to create suitable varieties to different agro-climatic horti-silvi system and socio-economic condition. Since floriculture trade and consumption are increasing rapidly worldwide, there is a blooming opportunity for India to achieve better growth in its production and export due to presence of high amount of diversity in indigenous orchids flora, thus earning valuable foreign exchange through florist trade, nursery of plant saplings, potted plants, bulb and seed production, micro-propagation and other value added products of orchids.

scholarly journals OPTIMIZATION OF STANDING DENSITY OF SOY PLANTS DEPENDING ON THE SORT’S MATURITY GROUP OF THE VARIETY FOR THE CONDITIONS OF THE NORTH-EASTERN PART OF THE FORESTSTEPPE OF UKRAINE

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 23-25
Author(s):  
Z. I. Hlupak
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Maturity Group ◽  
Early Variety ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
The North ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Early Ripening ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
North Eastern Part

The aim of the article is to establish the optimal sowing density of soybean plants depending on the maturity group of the variety to obtain consistently high yields. For this purpose, new varieties of soybeans Siverka, Medison and Sihaliia were taken for research, which differ not only in the duration of vegetation, but also in morphological characteristics. The object of the research is the process of forming soybean yield depending on the variety and standing density. The subject of the research is the varieties: early-ripening Siverka from the Institure of Agriculture of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine (NAAS), year of registration - 2013, plant growth type - intermediate; middle-early Medison from Hyland seeds: it has been in the Register of the varieties of Ukraine from 2008; type of growth - indeterminate; middle-ripening Sihaliia fro Dunai Agro, which was brought in the Register of the varieties of Ukraine in 2014, type of growth - indeterminate; seeding rates of 600, 700 and 800 thousand per ha; soybean grain yield. The forerunner in the experiments was winter wheat. Soil preparation consisted of stubble peeling and fallow plowing. Before sowing cultivation with harrowing was conducted. Sowing was carried out at a time when the soil at thr depth of 10 cm warms up to 100C in the usual row manner with a row spacing of 15 cm to the depth of 4-5 cm. Crops care laid in carring out preemergence and two post-emergence harrowings. Studies have shown that soybean yields depended on the variety and density of plants. Thus, on average over the years of research, the yield in the variety Siverka varied from 2.01 t per ha at a density of 800 thousand pieces per ha and decreased as it thickened to 2.26 t per ha at a density of 600 thousand pieces per ha. In the Medison variety, the yield ranged from 2.18 t per ha at a density of 600 thousand units per ha to 2.41 t per ha at a density of 700 thousand units per ha. In the Sihaliia variety, the yield varied from 2.28 t per ha at a density of 600 thousand pieces per ha to 2.50 t per ha at a density of 800 thousand pieces per ha. The maximum yield for the years of research (2.09-2.39 t per ha) the variety of Siverka formed at a density of 600 thousand pieces per ha. In the Medison variety the highest yield (2.31-2.52 t per ha) was obtained at a standing density of 700 thousand pieces per ha. The yield of the Sihaliia variety depended to a greater extent on the weather and climatic conditions of the year. Thus, under drier conditions in 2017, the highest yield of the variety (2.44 t per ha) was formed at a density of 700 thousand pieces per ha. Under more favorable conditions, the highest yield was obtained at a density of 800 thousand pieces per ha - 2.51-2.69 t per ha. Depending on the weather and climatic conditions of the years of research, the highest yields of all varieties were obtained under favorable conditions in 2019 - 2.27-2.56 t per ha. Under drier and cooler conditions in 2017, the yield of all varieties was lower by 0.13-0.41 t per ha. Thus, in the conditions of the north-eastern part of the forest-steppe of Ukraine, in order to obtain a high soybean yield, it is necessary to take a differentiated approach to the choice of the optimal standing density depending on the maturity group of the variety. Optimal conditions for the formation of maximum productivity of early-ripening soybean variety Siverka were created in the agrophytocenosis at densities of 600 thousand per ha, for medium-early variety Medison - 700 thousand per ha, and for medium-ripening variety Sihaliia - 700-800 thousand pieces per ha.

PCR identification of five species from the Anopheles maculipennis complex (Diptera: Culicidae) in North-Eastern Romania

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria-Larisa Ivanescu ◽  
Dumitru Acatrinei ◽  
Ionuţ Pavel ◽  
Tatiana Sulesco ◽  
Liviu Miron
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Its2 Sequence ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Eastern Area ◽  
The North ◽  
Anopheles Maculipennis Complex ◽  
Anopheles Maculipennis ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Maculipennis Complex

AbstractThe members of the Anopheles maculipennis complex have been incriminated for the transmission of the malaria in Europe, which was endemic until the middle of the century. The global warming and the intensification of the intercontinental travel constitute a risk of the re-emergence of the malaria in Europe, given the presence of the Anopheles vectors. The study has attempted the identification by using the PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) of the members of the Anopheles maculipennis complex from the North-eastern area of Romania from the city of Iaşi. In total there have been identified by using the PCR amplifying the ITS2 sequence of the ribosomal DNA, 217 specimens belonging to the complex of A. maculipennis among which: 58 A. atroparvus, 18 A. melanoon, 2 A. labranchiae, 52 A. maculipennis and 87 A. messeae. The ITS2 sequences of the ribosomal DNA have been compared to those of the species belonging to the A. maculipennis available in GenBank. The Species A. labranchiae is reported for the first time in Romania, being identified in the larval stage IV. The adaptation of a new species to the climatic conditions present in the North-eastern Romania, confirms the phenomenon of global warming and also the intensification of the travelling. As a result of the analysis of the A. labranchiae sequence, this one corresponds to the extent of 96% to the species from Italy, registered in GenBank, given the fact that a high number of the inhabitants of the municipality of Iaşi are working in this country.

Sequence typing reveals extensive strain diversity of the Lyme borreliosis agents Borrelia burgdorferi in North America and Borrelia afzelii in Europe

Microbiology ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 150 (6) ◽  
pp. 1741-1755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Bunikis ◽  
Ulf Garpmo ◽  
Jean Tsao ◽  
Johan Berglund ◽  
Durland Fish ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Membrane Protein ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽  
Outer Membrane ◽  
Lyme Borreliosis ◽  
Outer Membrane Protein ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
The North ◽  
North Eastern

The genetic polymorphism of Borrelia burgdorferi and Borrelia afzelii, two species that cause Lyme borreliosis, was estimated by sequence typing of four loci: the rrs–rrlA intergenic spacer (IGS) and the outer-membrane-protein gene p66 on the chromosome, and the outer-membrane-protein genes ospA and ospC on plasmids. The major sources of DNA for PCR amplification and sequencing were samples of the B. burgdorferi tick vector Ixodes scapularis, collected at a field site in an endemic region of the north-eastern United States, and the B. afzelii vector Ixodes ricinus, collected at a similar site in southern Sweden. The sequences were compared with those of reference strains and skin biopsy isolates, as well as database sequences. For B. burgdorferi, 10–13 alleles for each of the 4 loci, and a total of 9 distinct clonal lineages with linkage of all 4 loci, were found. For B. afzelii, 2 loci, ospC and IGS, were examined, and 11 IGS genotypes, 12 ospC alleles, and a total of 9 linkage groups were identified. The genetic variants of B. burgdorferi and B. afzelii among samples from the field sites accounted for the greater part of the genetic diversity previously reported from larger areas of the north-eastern United States and central and northern Europe. Although ospC alleles of both species had higher nucleotide diversity than other loci, the ospC locus showed evidence of intragenic recombination and was unsuitable for phylogenetic inference. In contrast, there was no detectable recombination at the IGS locus of B. burgdorferi. Moreover, beyond the signature nucleotides that specified 10 IGS genotypes, there were additional nucleotide polymorphisms that defined a total of 24 subtypes. Maximum-likelihood and parsimony cladograms of B. burgdorferi aligned IGS sequences revealed the subtype sequences to be terminal branches of clades, and the existence of at least three monophyletic lineages within B. burgdorferi. It is concluded that B. burgdorferi and B. afzelii have greater genetic diversity than had previously been estimated, and that the IGS locus alone is sufficient for strain typing and phylogenetic studies.

scholarly journals Spatial variation of epoxyscillirosidine concentrations in Moraea pallida (yellow tulp) in South Africa

2013 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christo J. Botha ◽  
Heleen Coetser ◽  
Rowena A. Schultz ◽  
Leonie Labuschagne ◽  
Deon Van der Merwe
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Sampling Point ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
The North ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Secondary Objective

Moraea pallida (yellow tulp) poisoning is economically the most important intoxication of livestock in South Africa. Poisoning varies according to locality, climatic conditions and growth stage of the plant. The primary objective of this study was to determine the concentration of the toxic principle, epoxyscillirosidine, in yellow tulp leaves and to ascertain the variability of epoxyscillirosidine concentrations within and between different locations. A secondary objective was to utilise Geographic Information Systems in an attempt to explain the variability in toxicity. Flowering yellow tulp plants were collected at 26 sampling points across 20 districts of South Africa. The leaves of five plants per sampling point were extracted and submitted for liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis. A large variation in mean epoxyscillirosidine concentrations, ranging from 3.32 μg/g – 238.27 μg/g, occurred between different geographical regions. The epoxyscillirosidine concentrations also varied tremendously between individual plants (n= 5) collected at the same sampling point, with up to a 24 times difference between the lowest and highest concentration detected. No generalised correlation between epoxyscillirosidine concentrations and soil elemental concentrations could be established. However, samples obtained from the north-eastern part of the sampling region tended to have higher epoxyscillirosidine concentrations compared to samples obtained from the south-western part of the sampling region. Higher toxin concentrations in the northeast were associated with statistically significant higher soil concentrations of iron, bismuth, bromide, cadmium, chromium, rubidium, tellurium, thallium, titanium and zinc, whilst soil concentrations of strontium and soil pH, were significantly lower. This study corroborated the contention that epoxyscillirosidine concentration in yellow tulp fluctuates and may explain the variability in toxicity.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity and Population Structure Analysis of Triticum aestivum L. Landrace Panel from Afghanistan

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 340
Author(s):  
Muhammad Massub Tehseen ◽  
Deniz Istipliler ◽  
Zakaria Kehel ◽  
Carolina P. Sansaloni ◽  
Marta da Silva Lopes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Structure Analysis ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Population Structure Analysis ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Wheat Landraces

Landraces are a potential source of genetic diversity and provide useful genetic resources to cope with the current and future challenges in crop breeding. Afghanistan is located close to the centre of origin of hexaploid wheat. Therefore, understanding the population structure and genetic diversity of Afghan wheat landraces is of enormous importance in breeding programmes for the development of high-yielding cultivars as well as broadening the genetic base of bread wheat. Here, a panel of 363 bread wheat landraces collected from seven north and north-eastern provinces of Afghanistan were evaluated for population structure and genetic diversity using single nucleotide polymorphic markers (SNPs). The genotyping-by-sequencing of studied landraces after quality control provided 4897 high-quality SNPs distributed across the genomes A (33.75%), B (38.73%), and D (27.50%). The population structure analysis was carried out by two methods using model-based STRUCTURE analysis and cluster-based discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC). The analysis of molecular variance showed a higher proportion of variation within the sub-populations compared with the variation observed as a whole between sub-populations. STRUCTURE and DAPC analysis grouped the majority of the landraces from Badakhshan and Takhar together in one cluster and the landraces from Baghlan and Kunduz in a second cluster, which is in accordance with the micro-climatic conditions prevalent within the north-eastern agro-ecological zone. Genetic distance analysis was also studied to identify differences among the Afghan regions; the strongest correlation was observed for the Badakhshan and Takhar (0.003), whereas Samangan and Konarha (0.399) showed the highest genetic distance. The population structure and genetic diversity analysis highlighted the complex genetic variation present in the landraces which were highly correlated to the geographic origin and micro-climatic conditions within the agro-climatic zones of the landraces. The higher proportions of admixture could be attributed to historical unsupervised exchanges of seeds between the farmers of the central and north-eastern provinces of Afghanistan. The results of this study will provide useful information for genetic improvement in wheat and is essential for association mapping and genomic prediction studies to identify novel sources for resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses.

scholarly journals Seascape Genomics of the Sugar Kelp Saccharina latissima Along the North Eastern Atlantic Latitudinal Gradient

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaromir Guzinski ◽  
Paolo Ruggeri ◽  
Marion Ballenghien ◽  
Stephane Mauger ◽  
Bertrand Jacquemin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Climatic Changes ◽  
Statistical Correlation ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Saccharina Latissima ◽  
Marker Allele ◽  
The North ◽  
Distribution Ranges ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Microsatellite Alleles

Temperature is one of the most important range-limiting factors for many seaweeds. Driven by the recent climatic changes, rapid northward shifts of species’ distribution ranges can potentially modify the phylogeographic signature of Last Glacial Maximum such as increased genetic diversity at lower latitudes. To explore this question in detail in the kelp Saccharina latissima, we used microsatellites and double digest RAD-sequencing derived SNPs on S. latissima sporophytes sampled within 11 sites spanning the entire European Atlantic latitudinal range of this species. In addition, we checked for statistical correlation between genetic marker allele frequencies and three environmental proxies (sea surface temperature, salinity, and water turbidity). Our findings revealed that genetic diversity was significantly higher for the northern localities compared to the southern ones in contrast to the expected phylogeographic pattern. This suggests that the southernmost S. latissima populations are negatively affected by the recent climatic changes but also that the recolonization of S. latissima range following the LGM may have occurred from northerly refugia. Seven SNPs and 12 microsatellite alleles were found to be significantly associated with at least one of the three environmental variables. We discuss the potential adaptive functions of the genes associated with the outlier markers and the importance of these markers for successful conservation and aquaculture strategies for S. latissima in this age of rapid global change.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity and structure in hill rice (Oryza sativa L.) landraces from the North-Eastern Himalayas of India

BMC Genetics ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Somnath Roy ◽  
B. C. Marndi ◽  
B. Mawkhlieng ◽  
A. Banerjee ◽  
R. M. Yadav ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Eastern Himalayas ◽  
The North ◽  
Genetic Diversity And Structure ◽  
North Eastern

scholarly journals Small river plumes off the north-eastern coast of the Black Sea under average climatic and flooding discharge conditions

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Osadchiev ◽  
Evgeniya Korshenko
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Line Source ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Small Rivers ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Study Region ◽  
The North ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
North Eastern Part ◽  
Heavy Rains

Abstract. This study is focused on the impact of discharge of small rivers on delivery and fate of fluvial water and suspended matter at the north-eastern part of the Black Sea under different local precipitation conditions. Several dozens of mountainous rivers inflow into the sea at the study region and most of them, except the several largest, have small annual runoff and limitedly affect adjacent coastal waters under average climatic conditions. However, discharges of these small rivers are characterized by quick response to precipitation events and can dramatically increase during and shortly after heavy rains which are frequent in the considered area. Delivery and fate of fluvial water and terrigenous sediments at the study region under average climatic and rain-induced flooding conditions were explored and compared using in situ data, satellite imagery and numerical modelling. It was shown that the point-source spread of continental discharge dominated by several large rivers during average climatic conditions can change to the line-source discharge from numerous small rivers situated along the coast in response to heavy rains. Intense line-source runoff of water and suspended sediments forms a geostrophic alongshore current of turbid and freshened water, which induces intense transport of suspended and dissolved constituents discharged with river waters in a north-western direction. This process significantly influences water quality and causes active sediment load at large segments of narrow shelf at the north-eastern part of the Black Sea as compared to average climatic discharge conditions.

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