scholarly journals Evaluation of the Novel Culture-Based AtbFinder Test-System for the Selection of Optimal Antibiotics for Critically Ill Patients With Polymicrobial Infections Within 4 H

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Tetz ◽  
Victor Tetz
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Therapy ◽  
Test System ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Population Response ◽  
Antibiotic Selection ◽  
Mixed Microbial Community ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
Polymicrobial Infections ◽  
Selection Of

For polymicrobial infections, AtbFinder utilizes a novel paradigm of the population response to antibiotics, enabling bacterial growth in the form of a mixed microbial community and selecting the antibiotics targeting not only the principal pathogen, but also those bacteria that support their growth. TGV medium allowed culturing a more diverse set of bacteria from polymicrobial biospecimens, compared with that achieved with the standard media and enabled, already within 4h, accurate selection of the antibiotics that completely eliminated all cultivatable bacteria from clinical samples. In conclusion, AtbFinder system may be a valuable tool in improving antibiotic selection, enabling targeted empirical therapy and accurate antibiotic replacement, which is especially important in high-risk patients.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the novel culture-based FAST-T system allowing selection of optimal antibiotics for critically ill patients within 4 h (for other than bloodstream infectious).

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Tetz ◽  
Victor Tetz
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Value ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Empirical Therapy ◽  
Improve Patient Care ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Pure Bacterial Cultures ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
T System

Rapid diagnostic tests are needed to improve patient care, particularly in immunocompromised hosts. Here, we describe the validation of a new phenotypic culture-based FAST-T method for rapid selection of antibiotics in vitro using specimens with mono- and polybacterial infections. FAST-T approach, which can be applied to any type of non-blood tissue, does not require isolation of pure bacterial cultures. FAST-T-selected antibiotics are those that can completely eliminate mixed bacterial infections in specimens. The method uses a novel FASM-T medium that allows more rapid bacterial growth of gram-positive and gram-negative monoisolates compared with that achieved with conventional laboratory media. The application of the FAST-T method in 122 bacterial species demonstrated overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of 99.6%, 98.1%, 98.5%, and 99.4%, respectively, already after 4 h. The overall category agreement with the outcome of standard testing was 98.9% with very major errors and major errors being detected in 1.2% and 0.6% of cases. The use of FASM-T medium in 20 clinical polymicrobial samples allowed culturing a more diverse set of bacteria, including fastidious species, compared with that achieved with the standard laboratory diagnostic and enabled, already within 4 h, accurate selection of the antibiotics that completely eliminated all cultivatable bacteria from clinical samples. In conclusion, FAST-T system may be a valuable tool in improving phenotypic-based antibiotic selection, enabling targeted empirical therapy and accurate antibiotic replacement, which is especially important in high-risk patients.

scholarly journals Detection of Human Polyomaviruses in Urine from Bone Marrow Transplant Patients: Comparison of Electron Microscopy with PCR

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 306-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan S Biel ◽  
Andreas Nitsche ◽  
Andreas Kurth ◽  
Wolfgang Siegert ◽  
Muhsin Özel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Bone Marrow Transplant ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Marrow Transplant ◽  
Test System ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Transplant Patients

Abstract Background: We studied electron microscopy (EM) as an appropriate test system for the detection of polyomavirus in urine samples from bone marrow transplant patients. Methods: We evaluated direct EM, ultracentrifugation (UC) before EM, and solid-phase immuno-EM (SPIEM). The diagnostic accuracy of EM was studied by comparison with a real-time PCR assay on 531 clinical samples. Results: The detection rate of EM was increased by UC and SPIEM. On 531 clinical urine samples, the diagnostic sensitivity of EM was 47% (70 of 149) with a specificity of 100%. We observed a linear relationship between viral genome concentration and the proportion of urine samples positive by EM, with a 50% probability for a positive EM result for urine samples with a polyomavirus concentration of 106 genome-equivalents (GE)/mL; the probability of a positive EM result was 0% for urine samples with <103 GE/mL and 100% for urine samples containing 109 GE/mL. Conclusions: UC/EM is rapid and highly specific for polyomavirus in urine. Unlike real-time PCR, EM has low sensitivity and cannot quantify the viral load.

scholarly journals Indestructible Pasts and Paranoid Presents: John Franzen against Active Forgetting in Purity

2019 ◽  
pp. 21-34
Author(s):  
Cristina Garrigós
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Event ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Contemporary Society ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
Personal Archives ◽  
Conscious Process ◽  
Unconscious Desire ◽  
Selection Of

Forgetting and remembering are as inevitably linked as lifeand death. Sometimes, forgetting is motivated by a biological disorder, brain damage, or it is the product of an unconscious desire derived from a traumatic event (psychological repression). But in some cases, we can motivate forgetting consciously (thought suppression). It is through the conscious repression of memories that we can find self-preservation and move forward, although this means that we create a fable of our lives, as Nietzsche says in his essay “On the Uses and Disadvantages of History for Life” (1997). In Jonathan Franzen’s novel, Purity (2015), forgetting is an active and conscious process by which the characters choose to forget certain episodes of their lives to be able to construct new identities. The erased memories include murder, economical privileges derived from illegal or unethical commercial processes, or dark sexual episodes. The obsession with forgetting the past links the lives of the main characters, and structures the narrative of the novel. The motivated erasure of memories becomes, thus, a way that the characters have to survive and face the present according to a (fake) narrative that they have constructed. But is motivated forgetting possible? Can one completely suppress facts in an active way? This paper analyses the role of forgetting in Franzen’s novel in relation to the need in our contemporary society to deny, hide, or erase uncomfortable data from our historical or personal archives; the need to make disappear stories which we do not want to accept, recognize, and much less make known to the public. This is related to how we manage information in the age of technology, the “selection” of what is to be the official story, and how we rewrite our own history

scholarly journals Hope and equilibrium in the dystopian world of The Hunger Games

2021 ◽  
Vol 85 ◽  
pp. 227-244
Author(s):  
María Sandra Peña-Cervel ◽  
Andreea Rosca
Keyword(s):  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Hunger Games ◽  
Accurate Picture ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Hunger Games ◽  
The Status ◽  
Selection Of

This paper provides evidence of the fruitfulness of combining analytical categories from Cognitive Linguistics and Critical Discourse Analysis for the analysis of complex literary characterizations. It does so through a detailed study of the “tributes”, i.e. the randomly selected children who have to fight to death in a nationally televised show, in The Hunger Games. The study proves the effectiveness of such categories to provide an analytically accurate picture of the dystopian world depicted in the novel, which is revealed to include a paradoxical element of hope. The type of dehumanization that characterizes the dystopian society of Panem is portrayed through an internally consistent set of ontological metaphors which project negative aspects of lower forms of existence onto people. This selection of metaphors promotes a biased perspective on the poor inhabitants of Panem, while legitimizing the social inequalities the wealthy Capitol works hard to immortalize. However, Katniss undergoes a metamorphosis through her discovery of her own identity, which hints at an emerging female empowerment. This transformation, together with her identification with the Mockingjay, a supernatural being that voices her beliefs and emotions, contributes to disrupting the status quo imposed by the almighty Gamemakers and to purveying a message of optimism.

scholarly journals قضايا موضوعية في "أم النذور" للروائي عبد الرحمن منيف: دراسة تحليلية نقدية / Topical issues in the novel “Umm Nuzur” by Abdurrahman Munif: An Analytical and Critical Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nor Safirah Binti Ahmad Sufian ◽  
Mohammed Ahmed Al Qudah
Keyword(s):  
Social Issues ◽  
Arabic Literature ◽  
Critical Study ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Artistic Creativity ◽  
Critical Studies ◽  
Religious Issues ◽  
Critical Methods ◽  
Selection Of

ملخص البحث: تتطرّق هذه الدراسة إلى قضايا شتى في رواية "أم النذور" للكاتب عبد الرحمن منيف، وتهدف إلى إظهار إبداعية الكاتب في صياغتها في روايته. يعتمد الباحثان في هذه الدراسة على المناهج الآتية: الوصف والتحليل والنقد؛ إذ يقومان بعرض نبذة عن حياة الروائي في بداية الدراسة، ثم يقومان بالتحليل والنقد للقضايا المتوافرة في الرواية مع التنويه بمظاهر الإبداع الفني فيها. تحاول هذه الدراسة الإسهام في إثراء الدراسات النقدية في الأدبي العربي فضلاً عن توسيع المراجع المتعلقة بفن السيرة والتراجم. ومما توصّل إليه الباحثان من خلال هذه الدراسة أن رواية "أم النذور" تحمل في طياتها قضايا عديدة، وهي تنقسم إلى ثلاثة أقسام، أولها القضايا الاجتماعية، ومن أهمها الشعوذة وغيرها من أمور الغيبيات والمعتقدات الخرافية. وثانيها القضايا الإنسانية التي لها علاقة بشعور الإنسان وعاطفته، وثالثها القضايا الدينية التي ترتبط بالأبعاد الإسلامية، وفضلاً عن ذلك، وجدت الدراسة أن الكاتب وفّق في رسم الشخصيات، وانتقاء أسمائها، وبناء الأحداث في روايته، كما تبدو كذلك محاولته في تشويه سمعة الرجال المتديّنين.   الكلمات المفتاحية: رواية "أم النذور" – عبد الرحمن منيف – القضايا – الشعوذة – الجوانب الإسلامية.    Abstract: This study discusses various issues in the novel “Umm al-Nudhur” written by Abd al-Rahman Munif. It aims to highlight his creativy as formulated in his novel. The writers make use in the study descriptive, analytical and critical methods. The researchers present briefly an overview of the writer’s background at the beginning of the study and then analyze critically the various issues in the novel keeping in mind the artistic creativity of the novel. This study is expected to contribute to the existing critical studies of Arabic literature as well as to enrich the biographical references related to the art of biography wrting. In conclusion, the novel "Umm al-Nudzūr" is found to accommodate diverse issues which can be divided into three sections. First: social issues that encompass mystical belief such as witchcraft, sorcery and superstition. Second: human issues which are related to emotion and feeling of mankind. Third: religious issues that reflect the dimensions of Islam. This study also found the ability of Abd al-Rahman Munif to depict the characters through the selection of their name and building a successful plot. Apart from that, it could be seen indirectly that the writer attempts to defame the reputation of religious men in his novel.   Keywords: Novel “Umm al-Nudhur” – Abd al-Rahman Munif – Issues – Mystic Belief – Islamic Teaching.   Abstrak: Kajian ini membincangkan isu-isu yang dalam novel "Umm al-Nudhur" karya Abd al-Rahman Munif. Tujuan kajian ini dijalankan adalah untuk meninjau pemikiran Abd al-Rahman Munif, sekaligus menonjolkan cara penampilan kreativiti beliau dalam karya tersebut. Reka bentuk kajian ini adalah berdasarkan kepada metod deskriptif, analitikal dan kritis. Pengkaji mengemukakan biografi penulis secara ringkas pada permulaan kajian, disusuli dengan analisis dan kritikan terhadap isu-isu yang dipaparkan dalam novel yang dikaji di samping menekankan aspek kreativiti penulis dalam mengolah isu-isu berkenaan. Kajian ini diharap dapat memberi sumbangan terhadap bidang kritikan dalam kesusasteraan Arab selain dapat menambah rujukan tentang seni penulisan biografi. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa novel “Umm al-Nudhur” mengandungi pelbagai isu dan persoalan yang boleh dikategorikan kepada tiga bahagian. Pertama: isu-isu kemasyarakatan melibatkan kepercayaan mistik seperti ilmu sihir, khurafat dan kepercayaan karut. Kedua: isu-isu kemanusiaan berkaitan emosi dan perasaan seseorang insan. Ketiga: isu-isu keagamaan yang memaparkan dimensi-dimensi ajaran Islam. Kajian ini juga dapat melihat kemampuan penulis dalam mempersembahkan jalan cerita secara baik, keupayaan beliau dalam menggambarkan setiap watak melalui pemilihan nama-nama sebilangan watak dan kejayaan beliau dalam menyusun plot yang berkesan. Selain itu, kajian juga mendapati bahawa Abd al-Rahman Munif cuba secara tidak langsung merendahkan reputasi golongan agamawan melalui novel tersebut.   Kata kunci: Novel “Umm al-Nudhur” – Abd al-Rahman Munif – Isu dan persoalan – Kepercayaan karut – Ajaran Islam.

scholarly journals Giono, Translator or Reader of Moby-Dick?

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-42
Author(s):  
Isabelle Génin
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Moby Dick ◽  
Reading Experience ◽  
Paradoxical Situation ◽  
The Status ◽  
Word Translation ◽  
Jean Giono ◽  
The One ◽  
Selection Of

The article discusses the interaction between reading and translating, in the case of the first unabridged translation of Moby-Dick into French by Jean Giono, Lucien Jacques and Joan Smith, published by Gallimard in 1941. After a brief survey of the status of that translation—an important cultural landmark in France—the paper examines what the paratext (Giono’s diary, notes and letters) and the typescripts reveal about a seemingly paradoxical situation: Giono’s keen reading of Moby-Dick on the one hand and the simplification and clarification strategies adopted in the translation on the other hand. A selection of stylistic analyses illustrates both the choices made by the translators and the part played by each participant in the project. It appears that Giono did not necessarily misread Moby-Dick, underestimating its scope and significance. Instead, after reading the novel, he grew indifferent to its translation and concentrated his energy on his own writing in which he re-invested his reading experience. As to the other co-translators, Joan Smith provided a word-for-word translation of the text that made no attempt at interpreting the text, while Lucien Jacques strove to re-write Smith’s literal first draft, in spite of his difficult position as a non-reader (albeit an enthusiastic one) of Moby-Dick.

scholarly journals Dialectal words in the ballad novel “Blakytna Sarna” (“The Blue Chamois”) by M. Nesterchuk. ІІІ

Linguistics ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 71-78
Author(s):  
Hryhorii Arkushyn ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Careful Selection ◽  
Selection Of

In this article, the usage of dialectal words in the ballad novel „Blakytna Sarna” („The Blue Chamois”) by M. Nesterchuk, a native of Volyn oblast, has been analyzed. The detailed analysis of the microtoponyms and anthroponyms proves that fictional tumultuous Zatyshshia village is modern Sylno village (Kivertsi raion, Volyn oblast). In the novel, the vocabulary of the local patois is characterized according to the following plan: dialecticisms that have become the passive vocabulary of the speakers; widely used dialectal words; dialectal synonymy. By comparison with the local patois, it has been identified which dialectal features the writer preferred. It has also been emphasized that the writer accurately explains the meaning of dialecticisms. It has been demonstrated that the writer does not blindly copy the patois, but makes a careful selection of the most common dialectal words.

scholarly journals “A distortive glass of our distorted glebe”: mistranslation in Nabokov’s Ada

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliette Taylor
Keyword(s):  
The Novel ◽  
Free Translation ◽  
Family Chronicle ◽  
Selection Of

This article examines the theme of mistranslation in Nabokov ’s Ada or Ardor: A Family Chronicle in the context of the novel’s multilingual style. Focusing on a selection of deliberate mistranslations carried out by the cen-tral protagonists, Van and Ada Veen, the article demonstrates that such playful mistranslation serves a function that is much more significant than mere parody. Though, on the surface, the mistranslations parody those forms of ‘paraphrastic’ or ‘free’ translation that Nabokov and his cha racters consistently critique throughout Ada, each instance of deliberately ‘bad’ translation also contains extremely inventive forms of interlingual mutation and play which have aesthetically-productive defamiliarising effects. The article relates those instances of explicit mistranslation to the overall style of the novel, arguing that problems of interlingual transfer and communication are intrinsic to the multilingual aesthetic of the novel as a whole.

scholarly journals A Novel Test System for Genotyping rs43703016 Single-nucleotide Substitutions in the Bovine CSN3 Gene

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Svetlana Kovalchuk ◽  
Arina Tagmazyan ◽  
Eugene Klimov
Keyword(s):  
Nucleotide Substitution ◽  
Milk Proteins ◽  
Test System ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Dna Testing ◽  
Nucleotide Substitutions ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Allele Specific ◽  
Selection Of

Aims: Caseins are among the main milk proteins that determine many of its properties. Bovine kappa-casein (CSN3) is associated with the qualitative composition of milk, as well as with the quality of cheese obtained from this milk. The rs43703016 single-nucleotide substitution (g.88532332A>C; Asp148Ala) in exon 4 of the bovine CSN3 gene plays an important role in the production of quality hard cheeses. Various methods for the DNA testing of this substitution have been developed in the last three decades. Emergent DNA technologies provide an opportunity to modernize methods of genotyping single-nucleotide polymorphisms. Results: We have developed and verified a method to differentiate A/C alleles of the rs43703016 substitution in the bovine CSN3 gene by real-time PCR using allele-specific fluorescent probes. Conclusion: Our new method allows fast genotyping of animals, and may be used for selection of cows carrying the CC genotype, which determines good cheese-making properties of milk.

scholarly journals Our experience of the novel “flexible stylet method” for insertion of PD catheter in eight high-risk patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Terawaki ◽  
Naotaro Fukushima ◽  
Keiko Aoyagi ◽  
Aya Nakajima ◽  
Masaaki Nakayama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
The Novel ◽  
High Risk Patients ◽  
Risk Patients
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document