scholarly journals Potential Drugs for COVID -19 Treatment Management With Their Contraindications and Drug- Drug Interaction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debjyoti Talukdar ◽  
Vivek Jain ◽  
Vishal Balaramnavar ◽  
Swayam Prakash Srivastava ◽  
Palanisamy Sivanandy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Drug Evaluation ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Action Current ◽  
Inhibit Action ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Pharmaceutical Properties ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCOV) causes inflammatory response with worsening symptoms. Classification of potential anti-viral and anti-inflammatory drugs in managing the symptoms of the COVID-19 and reducing morbidity is important. The objective of this study is to identify a group of drugs, best suited for COVID-19 treatment based on recent developments in clinical trials, FDA drug evaluation, directions and developments and from drug therapies globally. Online literature search was done on Medline, PubMed and google scholar databases for studies on various treatments and drug therapies for COVID-19 and relevant studies were identified and the identified drugs are described in detail as per their Pharmacological, pharmaceutical properties of the drugs, mechanism of action, current COVID-19 drug therapy, contraindications and drug-drug interactions Certain drugs can inhibit action against viral infection and protect lungs from severe inflammatory response. This article summarizes several drugs like Hydroxychloroquine, Chloroquine, Remdesivir, Favipiravir, Lopinavir, Ritonavir, Dexamethasone, Ivermectin, Baricitinib, Casirivimab / imdevimab, Bamlanivimab along with auxiliary treatment like convalescent plasma transfusion. Remdesivir is first drug approved by FDA. Hydroxychloroquine, dexamethasone and remdesivir are showing results against COVID-19 but it is important to test the efficacy and safety of such drugs though some drugs have shown remarkable results.

Ibuprofen safety at the golden anniversary. A commentary and recent developments

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The World ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Interesting Story ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Short Comment ◽  
Published Paper

Ibuprofen is a long lasting non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and still represents one of the most diffused analgesics around the world. It has an interesting story started over 50 years ago. In this short comment to an already published paper, the authors try to focus some specific important point. On top, they illustrate the recent, confusing and fake assertion on the potentially dangerous influence that ibuprofen could have, increasing the risk of Coronavirus infection. This is also better illustrated in a previously published paper, where the readers could find more clear responses to eventual doubts.

Progress in analgesic development: How to assess its real merits?

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Kissin
Keyword(s):  
Drug Evaluation ◽  
Previous Treatment ◽  
Widespread Application ◽  
Drug Candidates ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Pain Analgesics ◽  
Approved Drugs ◽  
Multifactorial Approach ◽  
Opioid Receptor Agonists

Background: Assessing analgesic drugs developed over preceding 50 years demonstrated that very intensive efforts directed at diverse molecular pain targets produced thousands of PubMed articles and the introduction of more than 50 new analgesics. Nevertheless, these analgesics did not have a sufficiently broad spectrum of action and level of effectiveness to demonstrably affect the use of opioids or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for the treatment of pain. Analgesics in current are only modestly effective in chronic pain (at least with respect to neuropathic pain), and the widespread application of mu opioid receptor agonists for this purpose culminated in the global "opioid crisis”. The introduction of every new drug is regarded as an important success, at least initially. Assessing the merit of a new analgesic is extremely complicated. Objective: The aim of this article is to describe an approach that combines very different categories of drug evaluation – multifactorial approach to assessment of new analgesics. It is based on conclusiveness of clinical trials, novelty of a drug’s molecular target, a drug’s commercial appeal, and the interest in a drug reflected by scientometric indices. Results: This approach was applied to analgesics developed in 1982-2016. It shows that although several new agents have completely novel mechanisms of action, all newly approved drugs, and drug candidates, demonstrated the same persistent problems: relatively low therapeutic advantage over previous treatment and narrow spectrum of use in different types of pain, compared to opioids or NSAIDs. Conclusion: The use of the suggested multifactorial approach to drug assessment may provide a better view of the whole spectrum of analgesics advantages and disadvantages.

Long-term Safety and Efficacy of Mexiletine in Myotonic Dystrophy Types 1 and 2

2021 ◽  
pp. 10.1212/CPJ.0000000000001073
Author(s):  
Christina Mousele ◽  
Emma Matthews ◽  
Robert Pitceathly ◽  
Michael Hanna ◽  
Susan McDonald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myotonic Dystrophy ◽  
Sodium Channels ◽  
Genetic Disorders ◽  
Clinical Feature ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Voltage Gated Sodium Channels ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Mean Time

AbstractBackground:Myotonic dystrophy types 1 and 2 are progressive multisystem genetic disorders, whose core clinical feature is myotonia. Mexiletine, an antagonist of voltage-gated sodium channels, is a recommended anti-myotonic agent in the non-dystrophic myotonias, but its use in myotonic dystrophy is limited due to lack of data regarding its long-term efficacy and safety profile.Methods:To address this issue, this study retrospectively evaluated patients with myotonic dystrophy receiving mexiletine over a mean time-period of 32.9 months (range 0.1 to 216 months).Results:This study demonstrated that 96% of patients reported some improvement in myotonia symptoms with mexiletine treatment. No clinically relevant cardiac adverse events were associated with the long-term use of mexiletine.Conclusions:These findings support that mexiletine is both safe and effective when used long-term in myotonic dystrophy.Classification of Evidence:This study provides class IV evidence that mexiletine is a well-tolerated and effective treatment for myotonic dystrophy types 1 and 2.

scholarly journals Classification of Grass and Forb Species on Riverdike Using UAV LiDAR-Based Structural Indices

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 268-273
Author(s):  
Naoko Miura ◽  
Tomoyo F. Koyanagi ◽  
Susumu Yamada ◽  
Shigehiro Yokota ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Imperata Cylindrica ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Herbaceous Vegetation ◽  
Small Complex ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Conventional Systems ◽  
Structural Indices

Herbaceous vegetation on riverdikes plays an important role in preventing soil erosion, which, otherwise, may lead to the collapse of riverdikes and consequently, severe flooding. It is crucial for managers to keep suitable vegetation conditions, which include native grass species such as Imperata cylindrica, and to secure visibility of riverdikes for inspection. If managers can efficiently find where suitable grass and unsuitable forb species grow on vast riverdikes, it would help in vegetation management on riverdikes. Classification and quantification of herbaceous vegetation is a challenging task. It requires spatial resolution and accuracy high enough to recognize small, complex-shaped vegetation on riverdikes. Recent developments in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology combined with light detection and ranging (LiDAR) may offer the solution, since it can provide highly accurate, high-spatial resolution, and denser data than conventional systems. This paper aims to develop a model to classify grass and forb species using UAV LiDAR data alone. A combination of UAV LiDAR-based structural indices, V-bottom (presence of vegetation up to 50 cm from the ground) and V-middle (presence of vegetation 50–100 cm from the ground), was tested and validated in 94 plots owing to its ability to classify grass and forb species on riverdikes. The proposed method successfully classified the “upright” grass species and “falling” grass species / forb species with an accuracy of approximately 83%. Managers can efficiently prioritize the inspection areas on the riverdikes by using this method. The method is versatile and adjustable in other grassland environments.

scholarly journals Performance of scores in the prediction of clinical outcomes in patients admitted from the emergency service

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luana Matuella Figueira da Silva ◽  
Luciano Passamini Diogo ◽  
Letícia Becker Vieira ◽  
Fabiano Da Costa Michielin ◽  
Michelle Dornelles Santarem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Septic Shock ◽  
Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Emergency Service ◽  
Emergency Services ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Systemic Inflammatory Response ◽  
The Relationship

Objective: to evaluate the performance of the quickSOFA scores and Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome as predictors of clinical outcomes in patients admitted to an emergency service. Method: a retrospective cohort study, involving adult clinical patients admitted to the emergency service. Analysis of the ROC curve was performed to assess the prognostic indexes between scores and outcomes of interest. Multivariate analysis used Poisson regression with robust variance, evaluating the relationship between variables with biological plausibility and outcomes. Results: 122 patients were selected, 58.2% developed sepsis. Of these, 44.3% had quickSOFA ≥2 points, 87% developed sepsis, 55.6% septic shock and 38.9% died. In the evaluation of Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome, 78.5% obtained results >2 points; of these, 66.3% developed sepsis, 40% septic shock and 29.5% died. quickSOFA ≥2 showed greater specificity for diagnosis of sepsis in 86% of the cases, for septic shock 70% and for mortality 64%, whereas the second score showed better results for sensitivity with diagnosis of sepsis in 87.5%, septic shock in 92.7% and death in 90.3%. Conclusion: quickSOFA showed by its practicality that it can be used clinically within the emergency services, bringing clinical applicability from the risk classification of patients for the early recognition of unfavorable outcomes.

scholarly journals Application of the Machine Vision Technology and Infrared Thermography to the Detection of Hoof Diseases in Dairy Cows: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 11045
Author(s):  
Pavel Kříž ◽  
Michaela Horčičková ◽  
Roman Bumbálek ◽  
Petr Bartoš ◽  
Luboš Smutný ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Infrared Thermography ◽  
Bibliometric Method ◽  
Technical Aspects ◽  
Safe Method ◽  
Scientific Databases ◽  
Financial Costs ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Dairy Science

Infrared thermography (IRT) is a noninvasive and safe method of displaying the temperature map of objects that can be used to detect hoof diseases and lameness to reduce significant financial costs and physically stress animals. A qualitative bibliometric method based on the analysis of publications by the authors themselves using sophisticated tools of scientific databases was applied in this work. This review presents the fundamentals of IRT as well as recent developments in IRT detection in dairy science, including preprocessing, segmentation, and classification of objects in IRT images. In addition, recent studies dealing with the detection of hoof diseases and lameness using IRT are reviewed. As a result of this study, select previous studies are confronted in terms of technical aspects of IRT measurements such as emissivity, distance, temperature range, and reflected air temperature. Subsequently, recommendations for future IRT measurements are discussed.

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