scholarly journals How to Discourage Adversaries From Affecting Decision Outcomes of a Repeated Patent Application Decision--Making Process

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willem van der Sluis
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Decision Maker ◽  
Patent Application ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Sequential Decision ◽  
Decision Support Model ◽  
Application Process ◽  
Decision Outcomes ◽  
Application Decision

Outcomes of repeated decision--making processes may be affected by adversarial actors, without being noticed. Adversaries may try to gain knowledge about a particular decision--making process, identify its decision--makers, and guess which underlying decision support model is used. Then they can simulate the process, and craft different scenarios to affect its decision outcomes. Therefore, designers of decision support systems need to incorporate this in the decision modeling phase. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate this for the repeated decision--making in a patent application process. In this process, two sequential decision outcomes can be affected by adversarial actors: a company's decision to which type of patent office to send a patent request to, and the decision of a specialized patent officer to grant an application, or not. It is motivated that the company's decision--maker is \emph{bounded} rational. A theory for information--theoretic bounded rational decision--making under uncertainty proposed by Ortega et al.\ is adopted to model this type of decision--maker. A framework is provided to simulate a number of scenarios that adversaries may deploy to affect decision outcomes of a repeated patent application decision--making process. The framework is also utilized for statistically testing the presence of the scenarios, and to demonstrate how to discourage adversaries from deploying them.

scholarly journals Support of decision-making under risk by a risk-averse decision-maker

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Łodziński
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Decision Maker ◽  
The State ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Discrete Problem ◽  
Risk Averse ◽  
Control Parameters ◽  
Decision Making Under Risk ◽  
State Of The Environment

The paper presents the decision support under risk by the risk averse decision maker. Decision making under risk occurs when the result of the decision is not unequivocal and depends on the state of the environment. The decision making process is modeled with the use of multi-criteria optimization. The decision is made by solving the problem with the control parameters that determine the decision maker's aspirations and the evaluation of the solutions received. The decision maker asks the parameter for which the solution is determined. Then, evaluate the solution received accepting or rejecting it. In the second case, the decision maker gives a new parameter value and the problem is solved again for the new parameter. The work includes an simple discrete problem of decision support under risk

scholarly journals Assistance Decision Model for SMEs

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 1248-1255
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Support System ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Decision Model ◽  
Financial Assistance ◽  
System Model ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Decision Support Model ◽  
The Government

SMEs in Indonesia are one of the economic drivers of the nation. Its presence and development shows a sizeable contribution to Gross Domestic Income (GDP) each year. With this background, the Indonesian government provides stimulants in the form of financial assistance for the special SMEs for beginner SMEs. The government is encouraging the growth of SMEs by providing assistance to SMEs. During this time the process of determining the provision of assistance is done manually so that it is less effective and efficient. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to make a decision support model for the Ministry of SMEs to provide financial assistance to SMEs. The research method uses AHP and Promethee. Based on the results and discussion produced a Decision Support System model to help the Ministry of SMEs provide financial assistance to SMEs. The conclusion of this study is the suitability of SME ministry staff with the resulting model in the form of ease in the decision making process of providing assistance to SMEs.

scholarly journals Using Multi-Criteria Optimization in Decision Support under Risk

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Łodziński
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Decision Maker ◽  
Previous Method ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Decision Making Under Risk ◽  
Evaluation Functions ◽  
Interactive Decision Making ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Decision Support Method

The chapter presents an extension of a previous method for decision support under risk. The decision-making process is modeled by a multi-criteria optimization problem, in which the individual evaluation functions represent the results of decisions in several possible scenarios with associated risks. The decision support method is an interactive decision-making process. The choice is made by solving the problem depending on the control parameters that define the aspirations of the decision maker as well as on an evaluation of the obtained solutions. The decision maker selects a set of parameters representing various risks’ impacts that influences a solution, and then he/she evaluates the obtained solution by accepting or rejecting it. In another case, the decision maker selects a new value and the problem is solved again for the new parameter. In this chapter, an example of supporting decision-making under risk is presented.

scholarly journals GIS BASED DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR SEISMIC RISK IN BUCHAREST. CASE STUDY – THE HISTORICAL CENTRE

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
GHEORGHE DIANA ◽  
ARMAS IULIANA
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Decision Support Systems ◽  
Decision Maker ◽  
Seismic Risk ◽  
Decision Problem ◽  
Support Systems ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Spatial Decision Support ◽  
Historical Centre

Because of the increasing volume of information, problem decisions tend to be more difficult to deal with. Achieving an objective and making a suitable decision may become a real challenge. In order to better deal with decision making, decision support systems (DSS) have been developed. The decision support systems (DSS) can be used in any kind of a decision-making process and are very suitable in situations that involve a lot of stakeholders and a large number of criteria. DSS offers support in the decision-making process (<em>how</em> a decision should be made), and it does not focus on the result (<em>what</em> decision that should be made). DSS can also involve a large number of stakeholders and criteria, in the same time. A limitation of this method is that, regardless of the mathematical results, the final decision has to be made by the decision maker. Depending on the nature of the decision problem, a decision maker can use decision support systems (DSS), if the decision problem is economic or technical, and spatial decision support systems (SDSS), if the decision maker is faced with a spatial decision problem. The main objective of the present study is to apply a spatial decision support system in order to find a suitable shelter in the historical centre of Bucharest City in the post-disaster phase, in case of an earthquake occurrence. The present work represents a first step in applying SDSS in the context of the seismic risk in Bucharest. For the present paper, the SMCE Module for ILWIS 3.4 was used. The method included the following steps: structuring the problem in a decision tree, applying standardization and weighting methods to the criteria, finding suitable alternatives and choosing one of the alternatives. The results show that several buildings can be used as a shelter and among these are ‘Creditul Roman’ Bank Palace, the National History Museum and the National Bank of Romania.

scholarly journals Framework for Risk-Based Decision Support on Infiltration and Inflow to Wastewater Systems

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 2320
Author(s):  
Anna Ohlin Saletti ◽  
Lars Rosén ◽  
Andreas Lindhe
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
General Level ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Decision Support Model ◽  
Piping Systems ◽  
Wastewater Systems ◽  
The Right

Infiltration and inflow (I/I) to wastewater systems cause e.g., flooding, pollution, and the unnecessary use of the limited resources in society. Due to climate change and an increased need for the renewal of piping systems, making the right decisions on how to handle I/I is more important than ever. This paper presents a novel framework for risk-based decision support on I/I based on established theories on risk assessment and decision-making. The framework is presented on a general level and suggests that uncertainties are included in the decision-making process, together with criteria representing the economic, social, and environmental dimensions of sustainability. Published models on I/I and decision support are evaluated based on criteria from the framework showing that (1) the models rarely include risk-based decision-making or uncertainties in the analyses and that (2) most models only include project-internal financial aspects, excluding social and environmental, as well as project-external aspects, of I/I and I/I measures. A need for further research to develop a more holistic decision support model for I/I is identified, and it is concluded that the application of the proposed framework can contribute to more sustainable decisions on how to handle I/I and provide transparency to the process.

scholarly journals DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS INCREASE RANK USING AHP WEB – BASED ON PT TAMBANG BUKIT ASAM (PERSERO) TBK

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Wahyuni Fithratul Zalmi
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Decision Support System ◽  
Support System ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Decision Making System ◽  
Application Decision ◽  
Hierarchy Process

Decision support system is a system adopted from human knowledge, which can help people in the decision making process. In research conducted at PT Coal Bukit Asam (Persero) authors see most of the systems currently used in the search process of promotion of employees still in manual form, causing the length of the assessment process associated with a promotion for every employee of the company in accordance with any the criteria that have been specified company. Various weighting of criteria and sub criteria established companies are always considered manager to each process of inputting assessment. Therefore, the authors make a decision support system application manager that can facilitate the process of inputting weight rating decision promotion of employees in accordance with the criteria and sub-criteria that have been specified company. Application decision support system of promotion is designed using Analytical Hierarchy Process that the process to obtain the priority weighting is done by comparing each criteria and sub-criteria. Decision to be achieved can help managers to determine who the employees are entitled to a promotion in accordance with keptusan obtained from the application of this decision-making system.

scholarly journals GIS BASED DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR SEISMIC RISK IN BUCHAREST. CASE STUDY – THE HISTORICAL CENTRE

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 35-42
Author(s):  
DIANA GHEORGHE ◽  
IULIANA ARMAS
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Decision Support Systems ◽  
Decision Maker ◽  
Seismic Risk ◽  
Decision Problem ◽  
Support Systems ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Spatial Decision Support ◽  
Historical Centre

Because of the increasing volume of information, problem decisions tend to be more difficult to deal with. Achieving an objective and making a suitable decision may become a real challenge. In order to better deal with decision making, decision support systems (DSS) have been developed. The decision support systems (DSS) can be used in any kind of a decision-making process and are very suitable in situations that involve a lot of stakeholders and a large number of criteria. DSS offers support in the decision-making process (how a decision should be made), and it does not focus on the result (what decision that should be made). DSS can also involve a large number of stakeholders and criteria, in the same time. A limitation of this method is that, regardless of the mathematical results, the final decision has to be made by the decision maker. Depending on the nature of the decision problem, a decision maker can use decision support systems (DSS), if the decision problem is economic or technical, and spatial decision support systems (SDSS), if the decision maker is faced with a spatial decision problem. The main objective of the present study is to apply a spatial decision support system in order to find a suitable shelter in the historical centre of Bucharest City in the post-disaster phase, in case of an earthquake occurrence. The present work represents a first step in applying SDSS in the context of the seismic risk in Bucharest. For the present paper, the SMCE Module for ILWIS 3.4 was used. The method included the following steps: structuring the problem in a decision tree, applying standardization and weighting methods to the criteria, finding suitable alternatives and choosing one of the alternatives. The results show that several buildings can be used as a shelter and among these are ‘Creditul Roman’ Bank Palace, the National History Museum and the National Bank of Romania.

scholarly journals Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Pengalokasian Spare Part

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Wiryasaputra ◽  
Sri Hartati
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Decision Maker ◽  
Goal Programming ◽  
Spare Part ◽  
Entropy Method ◽  
Ideal Solution ◽  
Decision Support Model ◽  
Main Concept ◽  
Conflicting Objectives

AbstrakEra informasi yang semakin berkembang mempengaruhi lingkungan bisnis. Pengaruhnya dapat dilihat pada proses pengambilan keputusan. Proses pengambilan keputusan terhadap sejumlah alternatif dan sejumlah tujuan diselesaikan dengan sebuah sistem. Sistem  yang bermodelkan Multi Attribute Decision Making (MADM) dan Multi Objective Decision Making (MODM). Model MODM digunakan untuk menyelesaikan perancangan alternatif terbaik dan model MADM digunakan untuk menyelesaikan penyeleksian terhadap beberapa alternatif dalam jumlah yang terbatas. Salah satu pendekatan model MADM adalah TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution). Konsep utama TOPSIS adalah alternatif preferensi terbaik memiliki jarak terpendek dari solusi ideal positif dan memiliki jarak terjauh dari solusi ideal negatif. Hasil metode TOPSIS adalah perankingan terhadap sejumlah alternatif. Salah satu masukan dari metode TOPSIS adalah nilai pembobotan kriteria. Nilai pembobotan kriteria dapat diberikan secara langsung oleh pengambil keputusan atau dihitung melalui sebuah metode. Penelitian akan menghitung nilai pembobotan kriteria dengan metode Entropy. Tujuannya adalah untuk memberikan objektifitas pembobotan kriteria. Penelitian mengangkat kasus tentang pengalokasian spare part ke sejumlah store. Alternatif terbaik dengan sumber daya yang terbatas, beberapa tujuan yang saling bertentangan didekati dengan metode Goal programming. Pengambilan keputusan akan lebih terarah karena sistem menghasilkan perankingan store spare part, dan menampilkan  informasi alokasi spare part.  Kata kunci— Sistem Pendukung Keputusan, Entropy, TOPSIS, Goal Programming AbstractThe capabilities of computrized systems facilitate decision support in a number of ways, such as speed computations, increased productivity ,improved data management and others. Decisions are often made by individuals. There may be conflicting objectives even for a  decision maker. The conflicting objectives can be solved by goal programming. Research of spare part allocation focuses on an individual decision maker and presents the solving problem with Multiple Criteria Decision Making (MCDM). A lot of MCDM approaches have been developed and applied to diverse fields, like engineering, management, economic, etc. As one of the known classical MCDM approaches, TOPSIS method is known to be a common method to get the preliminary outcome.  The main concept of TOPSIS is the best alternative has the shortest distance from the positive ideal solution and has the longest distance from the negative ideal solution.  Before the stores are ranked with TOPIS method, the management assigned a weightage to each store using Entropy method.  Keywords— Decision Support Model, Entropy, TOPSIS, Goal Programming.

Models of decision support in socio-cyber-physical systems

2019 ◽  
pp. 55-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Smirnov ◽  
T. V. Levashova
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Situation Awareness ◽  
Cyber Physical Systems ◽  
Emergent Behavior ◽  
Emergent Properties ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Decision Support Models ◽  
Common Goals

Introduction: Socio-cyber-physical systems are complex non-linear systems. Such systems display emergent properties. Involvement of humans, as a part of these systems, in the decision-making process contributes to overcoming the consequences of the emergent system behavior, since people can use their experience and intuition, not just the programmed rules and procedures.Purpose: Development of models for decision support in socio-cyber-physical systems.Results: A scheme of decision making in socio-cyber-physical systems, a conceptual framework of decision support in these systems, and stepwise decision support models have been developed. The decision-making scheme is that cybernetic components make their decisions first, and if they cannot do this, they ask humans for help. The stepwise models support the decisions made by components of socio-cyber-physical systems at the conventional stages of the decision-making process: situation awareness, problem identification, development of alternatives, choice of a preferred alternative, and decision implementation. The application of the developed models is illustrated through a scenario for planning the execution of a common task for robots.Practical relevance: The developed models enable you to design plans on solving tasks common for system components or on achievement of common goals, and to implement these plans. The models contribute to overcoming the consequences of the emergent behavior of socio-cyber-physical systems, and to the research on machine learning and mobile robot control.

Multivariable Automatisierungsentscheidungen*/Multivariate automation decisions – A tool for cost-benefit assessments as a basis for decision-making

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (03) ◽  
pp. 134-139
Author(s):  
P. Burggräf ◽  
J. Wagner ◽  
M. Dannapfel ◽  
K. Müller ◽  
B. Koke
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Decision Support Tool ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Support Tool ◽  
Cost And Benefit ◽  
Benefit Evaluation ◽  
Level Of Automation

Der wachsende Bedarf an Wandlungsfähigkeit führt zu einer höheren Frequenz in der Umplanung von Montagesystemen und erfordert eine kontinuierliche Überprüfung und Anpassung des Automatisierungsgrades. Um auch die komplexen Umgebungsbedingungen abzubilden, sollen nicht-monetäre Faktoren in den Entscheidungsprozess eingebunden werden. Um die Entscheidung zu unterstützen, stellt dieser Beitrag ein Tool zur Identifizierung und Bewertung von Automatisierungsszenarien mittels einer Nutzwert-Aufwand-Analyse vor. &nbsp; The increasing need for adaptability in assembly leads to a higher planning frequency of the system and requires continuous checks and adaptations of the appropriate level of automation. To account for the complex environmental conditions, non-monetary factors are included in the decision-making process. This paper presents a decision support tool to identify and evaluate automation scenarios by means of cost and benefit evaluation.

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