Performance of Gelatin Films Reinforced with Cloisite Na+ and Black Pepper Essential Oil Loaded Nanoemulsion

The concern about consuming eco-friendly products has motivated research in the development of new materials. Therefore, films based on natural polymers have been used to replace traditional polymers. This study consists of a production of films based on gelatin reinforced with black pepper essential oil-loaded nanoemulsions and Cloisite Na+. The films were characterized by water vapor permeability, mechanical and thermal properties, surface contact angle, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. It was observed that the films containing the nanoemulsion have higher permeability values and an increase in their mechanical resistance. The addition of nanoclay contributed to an increase in the surface hydrophobicity of the film and an increase in the tensile strength at break by about 150%. The addition of essential oil nanoemulsions led to an increase in thermal stability. The presence of clay dispersion contributed to the formation of a surface that was slightly rougher and grainier. The addition of the black pepper essential oil nanoemulsion resulted in an increase in porosity of the gelatin matrix. Through X-ray diffraction analysis, it was possible to conclude that both the polymeric gelatin matrix and the essential oils nanoemulsion are intercalated with the clay dispersion.

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Performance of Gelatin Films Reinforced with Cloisite Na+ and Black Pepper Essential Oil Loaded Nanoemulsion

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13244298 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (24) ◽

pp. 4298

Author(s):

Tascila F. da S. Saranti ◽

Pamela T. S. Melo ◽

Miguel A. Cerqueira ◽

Fauze A. Aouada ◽

Marcia R. de Moura

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Black Pepper ◽

Vapor Permeability ◽

Mechanical Resistance ◽

Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Natural Polymers ◽

Gelatin Matrix ◽

X Ray ◽

Clay Dispersion

The concern about consuming eco-friendly products has motivated research in the development of new materials. Therefore, films based on natural polymers have been used to replace traditional polymers. This study consists of a production of films based on gelatin reinforced with black pepper essential oil-loaded nanoemulsions and Cloisite Na+. The films were characterized by water vapor permeability, mechanical and thermal properties, surface contact angle, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. It was observed that the films containing the nanoemulsion have higher permeability values and an increase in their mechanical resistance. The addition of nanoclay contributed to an increase in the surface hydrophobicity of the film and an increase in the tensile strength, at break, by about 150%. The addition of essential oil nanoemulsions led to an increase in thermal stability. The presence of clay dispersion contributed to the formation of a surface that was slightly rougher and grainier. The addition of the black pepper essential oil nanoemulsion resulted in an increase in porosity of the gelatin matrix. Through X-ray diffraction analysis, it was possible to conclude that both the polymeric gelatin matrix and the essential oils nanoemulsion are intercalated with the clay dispersion.

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X-ray diffraction analysis of kaolin M1 and M2 via the Williamson–Hall and Warren–Averbach methods

Journal of Chemical Research ◽

10.1177/1747519820984729 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 174751982098472

Author(s):

Lalmi Khier ◽

Lakel Abdelghani ◽

Belahssen Okba ◽

Djamel Maouche ◽

Lakel Said

Keyword(s):

Grain Size ◽

High Temperature ◽

Low Temperature ◽

Diffraction Analysis ◽

Mechanical Resistance ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Integral Breadth ◽

X Ray ◽

Mullite Phase

Kaolin M1 and M2 studied by X-ray diffraction focus on the mullite phase, which is the main phase present in both products. The Williamson–Hall and Warren–Averbach methods for determining the crystallite size and microstrains of integral breadth β are calculated by the FullProf program. The integral breadth ( β) is a mixture resulting from the microstrains and size effect, so this should be taken into account during the calculation. The Williamson–Hall chart determines whether the sample is affected by grain size or microstrain. It appears very clearly that the principal phase of the various sintered kaolins, mullite, is free from internal microstrains. It is the case of the mixtures fritted at low temperature (1200 °C) during 1 h and also the case of the mixtures of the type chamotte cooks with 1350 °C during very long times (several weeks). This result is very significant as it gives an element of explanation to a very significant quality of mullite: its mechanical resistance during uses at high temperature remains.

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Thermal and mechanical characterization of a new material based on two gypsums from different localities : High Atlas of Marrakech and Safi Basin, Morocco

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-11102 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

imane baba ◽

Mounsif Ibnoussina ◽

Omar Witam ◽

Latifa Saadi

Keyword(s):

Setting Time ◽

Density Measurement ◽

Mechanical Resistance ◽

Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽

Low Carbon ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

High Atlas ◽

New Material ◽

Indoor Comfort

Over the last few decades, the construction industry has become interested in materials that are durable, environmentally friendly and easily recyclable. This interest is due to the advantages these materials offer, among others local availability, low carbon footprint, energy efficiency and indoor comfort. The objective of this work is to study the properties of plasters prepared from a mixture of two types of gypsum. We were interested in the evolution of thermal conductivity, mechanical resistance and setting time as a function of the percentage of addition.Two types of gypsum were studied, the first one belongs to the Safi basin and the second one comes from the High Atlas of Marrakech.The characterization of the gypsums was necessary to determine its physical and geotechnical properties, its mineralogy, its thermal behavior and its microscopic structure. Several analyses were developed such as density measurement by pycnometer, X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy.We have made samples, of standardized dimensions, of mixtures based on both types of plaster. The water/gypsum mass ratio was set at 0.75.The results revealed that the properties of gypsum as well as the percentage of addition affect the mechanical and thermal properties and the setting time of the composite material. The addition of the High Atlas gypsum of Marrakech allowed improving the material in terms of thermal insulation. The results of the other tests will be communicated later.

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Ultrasonic, Molecular and Mechanical Testing Diagnostics in Natural Fibre Reinforced, Polymer-Stabilized Earth Blocks

International Journal of Polymer Science ◽

10.1155/2013/130582 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

C. Galán-Marín ◽

C. Rivera-Gómez ◽

F. Bradley

Keyword(s):

Soil Stabilization ◽

Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity ◽

Mechanical Tests ◽

Pulse Velocity ◽

Mechanical Resistance ◽

Chemical Compositions ◽

Natural Polymer ◽

Natural Polymers ◽

X Ray ◽

Earth Blocks

The aim of this research study was to evaluate the influence of utilising natural polymers as a form of soil stabilization, in order to assess their potential for use in building applications. Mixtures were stabilized with a natural polymer (alginate) and reinforced with wool fibres in order to improve the overall compressive and flexural strength of a series of composite materials. Ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) and mechanical strength testing techniques were then used to measure the porous properties of the manufactured natural polymer-soil composites, which were formed into earth blocks. Mechanical tests were carried out for three different clays which showed that the polymer increased the mechanical resistance of the samples to varying degrees, depending on the plasticity index of each soil. Variation in soil grain size distributions and Atterberg limits were assessed and chemical compositions were studied and compared. X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), and energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) techniques were all used in conjunction with qualitative identification of the aggregates. Ultrasonic wave propagation was found to be a useful technique for assisting in the determination of soil shrinkage characteristics and fibre-soil adherence capacity and UPV results correlated well with the measured mechanical properties.

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Development and Characterization of Biocompatible Membranes from Natural Chitosan and Gelatin for Pervaporative Separation of Water–Isopropanol Mixture

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13172868 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (17) ◽

pp. 2868

Author(s):

Akshay S. Kulkarni ◽

Ashok M. Sajjan ◽

T. M. Yunus Khan ◽

Irfan Anjum Badruddin ◽

Sarfaraz Kamangar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surface Characteristics ◽

Permeation Flux ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Natural Polymers ◽

X Ray ◽

Efficient Separation ◽

Differential Scanning Colorimetry ◽

Index Value ◽

Pervaporation Separation

Natural polymers have attracted a lot of interest in researchers of late as they are environmentally friendly, biocompatible, and possess excellent characters. Membranes forming natural polymers have provided a whole new dimension to the separation technology. In this work, chitosan-gelatin blend membranes were fabricated using chitosan as the base and varying the amount of gelatin. Transport, mechanical, and surface characteristics of the fabricated membranes were examined in detail by means of the characterizing techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning colorimetry, wide angle X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, and thermogravimetric analysis. In order to analyze the water affinity of the developed blend chitosan-gelatin membranes, the percentage degree of swelling was examined. Out of the fabricated membranes, the membrane loaded with 15 mass% of gelatin exhibited the better pervaporation performance with a pervaporation separation index value of 266 at 30 °C for the solution containing 10% in terms of the mass of water, which is the highest among the contemporary membranes. All the fabricated membranes were stable during the pervaporation experiments, and permeation flux of water for the fabricated membranes was dominant in the overall total permeation flux, signifying that the developed membranes could be chosen for efficient separation of water–isopropanol mixture on a larger scale.

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Characterization of the inclusion complex of the essential oil of Lantana camara L. and β-cyclodextrin by vibrational spectroscopy, GC–MS, and X-ray diffraction

Journal of Inclusion Phenomena and Macrocyclic Chemistry ◽

10.1007/s10847-018-0799-8 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 91 (1-2) ◽

pp. 95-104 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Márcio dos S. Rocha ◽

Sidney G. de Lima ◽

Bartolomeu C. Viana ◽

José Galberto Martins Costa ◽

Francisco E. P. Santos

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Inclusion Complex ◽

Vibrational Spectroscopy ◽

Lantana Camara ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray

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Kaolinite-Magnesite or Kaolinite–Talc-Based Ceramics. Part II: Microstructure and the Final Properties Related Sintered Tapes

Minerals ◽

10.3390/min10121080 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 1080

Author(s):

Aghiles Hammas ◽

Gisèle Lecomte-Nana ◽

Imane Daou ◽

Nicolas Tessier-Doyen ◽

Claire Peyratout ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Flexural Strength ◽

Ceramic Industry ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Tape Casting ◽

Casting Process ◽

Aqueous System ◽

Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Kaolinitic Clay

In recent decades, talc and kaolinite have been widely used as raw materials for the ceramic industry. In this study, the final characteristics of kaolinitic clay mixed with 6 mass% of magnesite obtained in our previous work were compared with those obtained with mixtures of kaolin (kaolin BIP) and talc (as the source of magnesium oxide). However, different amounts of talc in the kaolin powder were studied, namely 10, 30, and 50 mass% of added talc (with respect to kaolin + talc). The tape casting process was used during this work in order to manufacture the green tapes in an aqueous system with 0.2 mass% of dispersant. Subsequently, the green tapes were heated to 1000 and 1100 °C with a dwelling time of 12 min. The green and sintering tapes were characterized using the following techniques: DTA/TG, X-ray diffraction, porosity, and flexural strength analyses. The results obtained from our previous work indicate that the specimen with 6 mass% of MgCO3 sintered at 1200 °C for 3 h exhibited the best performances, with high flexural strength and weak porosity value—117 MPa and 27%—respectively. As results from this study, the optimal mechanical and thermal properties of sintering tapes were obtained for the specimen with 10 mass% of added talc sintered at 1100 °C. Indeed, this specimen exhibited 50 MPa and 43% of stress to rupture and apparent porosity, respectively.

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Grafting Hyperbranched Polymers onto TiO2 Nanoparticles via Thiol-yne Click Chemistry and Its Effect on the Mechanical, Thermal and Surface Properties of Polyurethane Coating

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma12172817 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (17) ◽

pp. 2817 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Feng Zhan ◽

Lei Xiong ◽

Fang Liu ◽

Chenying Li

Keyword(s):

Click Chemistry ◽

Tio2 Nanoparticles ◽

Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽

Hyperbranched Polymers ◽

Nanocomposite Coatings ◽

Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽

Nanoparticle Dispersion ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Surface Modified

In this study, we proposed a novel and facile method to modify the surface of TiO2 nanoparticles and investigated the influence of the surface-modified TiO2 nanoparticles as an additive in a polyurethane (PU) coating. The hyperbranched polymers (HBP) were grafted on the surface of TiO2 nanoparticles via the thiol-yne click chemistry to reduce the aggregation of nanoparticles and increase the interaction between TiO2 and polymer matrices. The grafting of HBP on the TiO2 nanoparticles surface was investigated by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and thermogravimetry analysis (TGA). The thermal and mechanical properties of nanocomposite coatings containing various amounts of TiO2 nanoparticles were measured by dynamic mechanical thermal (DMTA) and tensile strength measurement. Moreover, the surface structure and properties of the newly prepared nanocomposite coatings were examined. The experimental results demonstrate that the incorporation of the surface-modified TiO2 nanoparticles can improve the mechanical and thermal properties of nanocomposite coatings. The results also reveal that the surface modification of TiO2 with the HBP chains improves the nanoparticle dispersion, and the coating surface shows a lotus leaf-like microstructure. Thus, the functional nanocomposite coatings exhibit superhydrophobic properties, good photocatalytic depollution performance, and high stripping resistance.

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Preparation and Properties of Ginger Essential Oil β-Cyclodextrin/Chitosan Inclusion Complexes

Coatings ◽

10.3390/coatings8090305 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (9) ◽

pp. 305 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Yan Zhang ◽

Hui Zhang ◽

Fang Wang ◽

Li-Xia Wang

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Spray Drying ◽

Small Particle Size ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

X Ray ◽

Ft Ir ◽

Thermal Stability Of ◽

Scanning Electron

The ginger essential oil/β-cyclodextrin (GEO/β-CD) composite, ginger essential oil/β-cyclodextrin/chitosan (GEO/β-CD/CTS) particles and ginger essential oil/β-cyclodextrin/chitosan (GEO/β-CD/CTS) microsphere were prepared with the methods of inclusion, ionic gelation and spray drying. Their properties were studied by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermo-gravimetry analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results showed that the particle size of GEO/β-CD composite was smaller than that of β-CD and GEO/β-CD/CTS particles were loose and porous, while the microsphere obtained by spray drying had certain cohesiveness and small particle size. Besides, results also indicated that β-CD/CTS could modify properties and improve the thermal stability of GEO, which would improve its application value in food and medical industries.

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Green and efficient three-component synthesis of 4H-pyran catalysed by CuFe 2 O 4 @starch as a magnetically recyclable bionanocatalyst

Royal Society Open Science ◽

10.1098/rsos.200385 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (7) ◽

pp. 200385

Author(s):

Maryam Kamalzare ◽

Mohammad Bayat ◽

Ali Maleki

Keyword(s):

Low Cost ◽

Environmentally Benign ◽

Pharmaceutical Chemistry ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Natural Polymers ◽

X Ray ◽

Benign Nature ◽

Catalytic Behaviour ◽

Work Up ◽

Derivatives Of

The development of simple, practical and inexpensive catalysis systems using natural materials is one of the main goals of pharmaceutical chemistry as well as green chemistry. Owing to the ability of easy separation of nanocatalyst, those goals could be approached by applying heterogeneous bionanocatalyst in combination with magnetic nanoparticles. Starch is one of the most abundant natural polymers; therefore, preparing bionanocatalyst from starch is very valuable as starch is largely available and inexpensive. An ecologically benign and efficacious heterogeneous nanocatalyst was prepared based on a biopolymer, and its attributes and morphology were specified by using Fourier transform infrared spectra, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal analysis and vibrating sample magnetometer measurements; followed by studying catalytic behaviour of bionanocomposite in a multicomponent reaction to synthesize of 4H-pyran derivatives. 4H-pyran is extremely valuable in pharmaceutical chemistry, and the development of methods for synthesis of different derivatives of 4H-pyran is momentous. Revealing environmentally benign nature, mild condition, easy work-up, low cost and non-toxicity are some of the advantages of this protocol. Besides, the bionanocomposite was recovered using an external magnetic bar and could be re-used at least six times with no further decrease in its catalytic activity.

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