Effects of Dietary Fatty Acids on Gene Expression and Biological Processes in Different Tissues of Pigs: A Review

Studies on the influence of dietary components and their effects are fundamental for nutrigenomics, or the study of how nutrients can be cellular sensors, how they affect biological processes and gene expression in different tissues. Lipids are an important source of fatty acids (FA) and energy and are fundamental to biological processes and influence the regulation of transcription. Pigs are excellent model to study nutrigenomics, particularly lipid metabolism because the deposition and composition of FA in their tissues reflect the composition of FA in their diet. Recent studies show that FA supplementation is important in production systems, such as growing and finishing pigs, as it can improve the energy value of the feed, help reduce costs, improve animal welfare, and influence the nutritional value of the meat. Studies show that oleic (OA), linoleic (LA), docosahexaenoic (DHA), and eicosapentaenoic (EPA) acids are associated with the regulation of transcription in tissues such as muscle, liver, adipose tissue, and brain. Other studies indicate that EPA and DHA are associated with changes in specific signaling pathways, altering gene expression and biophysical properties of membranes. This review, therefore, focuses on the current knowledge of the effects of dietary FA on production traits and gene expression.

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Influence of dietary fatty acids on adipose tissue composition and subsequent eating quality of finishing pigs

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s175275620059351x ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 1996 ◽

pp. 155-155

Author(s):

M S Redshaw ◽

J Wiseman ◽

D J A Cole ◽

J D Wood ◽

M Enser ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Fatty Acid Profile ◽

Sensory Quality ◽

Dietary Fatty Acids ◽

Eating Quality ◽

Finishing Pigs ◽

Tissue Composition

It is well established that the fatty acid combustion of adipose issue in pigs (non-ruminants) may be manipulated by changes in the fatty acid profile of the diets. The objective of this program of work was to quantify the responses of adipose depots of finishing pigs to changes in the level and profile of dietary fatty acids and to relate these changes to the sensory quality of meat as determined by taste panel.

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Dietary fatty acids alter left ventricular myocardial gene expression in Wistar rats

Nutrition Research ◽

10.1016/j.nutres.2014.07.011 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 34 (8) ◽

pp. 694-706 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Kimberly M. Jeckel ◽

Gerrit J. Bouma ◽

Ann M. Hess ◽

Erin B. Petrilli ◽

Melinda A. Frye

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

Dietary Fatty Acids ◽

Myocardial Gene Expression

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Dietary fatty acids and dietary cholesterol differ in their effect on the in vivo regulation of apolipoprotein A-I and A-II gene expression in inbred strains of mice

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Lipids and Lipid Metabolism ◽

10.1016/0005-2760(92)90053-x ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 1125 (3) ◽

pp. 251-261 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Rai Ajit K. Srivastava ◽

Jingjing Tang ◽

Elaine S. Krul ◽

Barbara Pfleger ◽

R.T. Kitchens ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Dietary Cholesterol ◽

Inbred Strains ◽

Dietary Fatty Acids ◽

Apolipoprotein A ◽

Inbred Strains Of Mice

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Saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids in membranes are determined by the gene expression of their metabolizing enzymes SCD1 and ELOVL6 regulated by the intake of dietary fat

European Journal of Nutrition ◽

10.1007/s00394-019-02121-2 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 59 (6) ◽

pp. 2759-2769 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Kathrin Weiss-Hersh ◽

Ada L. Garcia ◽

Tamás Marosvölgyi ◽

Mónika Szklenár ◽

Tamás Decsi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Fish Oil ◽

Hormone Receptors ◽

Dietary Fatty Acids ◽

Dietary Fats ◽

Hepatic Gene Expression ◽

Metabolizing Enzymes ◽

Plasma Phospholipids

Abstract Purpose We investigated the effect of dietary fats on the incorporation of saturated (SAFAs) and monounsaturated dietary fatty acids (MUFAs) into plasma phospholipids and the regulation of the expression of lipid-metabolizing enzymes in the liver. Methods Mice were fed different diets containing commonly used dietary fats/oils (coconut fat, margarine, fish oil, sunflower oil, or olive oil) for 4 weeks (n = 6 per diet group). In a second experiment, mice (n = 6 per group) were treated for 7 days with synthetic ligands to activate specific nuclear hormone receptors (NHRs) and the hepatic gene expression of CYP26A1 was investigated. Hepatic gene expression of stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase 1 (SCD1), elongase 6 (ELOVL6), and CYP26A1 was examined using quantitative real-time PCR (QRT-PCR). Fatty acid composition in mouse plasma phospholipids was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC). Results We found significantly reduced hepatic gene expression of SCD1 and ELOVL6 after the fish oil diet compared with the other diets. This resulted in reduced enzyme-specific fatty acid ratios, e.g., 18:1n9/18:0 for SCD1 and 18:0/16:0 and 18:1n7/16:1n7 for ELOVL6 in plasma phospholipids. Furthermore, CYP26A1 a retinoic acid receptor-specific target was revealed as a new player mediating the suppressive effect of fish oil-supplemented diet on SCD1 and ELOVL6 hepatic gene expression. Conclusion Plasma levels of MUFAs and SAFAs strongly reflect an altered hepatic fatty acid-metabolizing enzyme expression after supplementation with different dietary fats/oils.

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Fatty acids, epigenetic mechanisms and chronic diseases: a systematic review

Lipids in Health and Disease ◽

10.1186/s12944-019-1120-6 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

K. González-Becerra ◽

O. Ramos-Lopez ◽

E. Barrón-Cabrera ◽

J. I. Riezu-Boj ◽

F. I. Milagro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Chronic Diseases ◽

Gene Expression Regulation ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Dietary Fatty Acids ◽

Epigenetic Mechanisms ◽

Metabolic Alterations

Abstract Background Chronic illnesses like obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular diseases, are worldwide major causes of morbidity and mortality. These pathological conditions involve interactions between environmental, genetic, and epigenetic factors. Recent advances in nutriepigenomics are contributing to clarify the role of some nutritional factors, including dietary fatty acids in gene expression regulation. This systematic review assesses currently available information concerning the role of the different fatty acids on epigenetic mechanisms that affect the development of chronic diseases or induce protective effects on metabolic alterations. Methods A targeted search was conducted in the PubMed/Medline databases using the keywords “fatty acids and epigenetic”. The data were analyzed according to the PRISMA-P guidelines. Results Consumption fatty acids like n-3 PUFA: EPA and DHA, and MUFA: oleic and palmitoleic acid was associated with an improvement of metabolic alterations. On the other hand, fatty acids that have been associated with the presence or development of obesity, T2D, pro-inflammatory profile, atherosclerosis and IR were n-6 PUFA, saturated fatty acids (stearic and palmitic), and trans fatty acids (elaidic), have been also linked with epigenetic changes. Conclusions Fatty acids can regulate gene expression by modifying epigenetic mechanisms and consequently result in positive or negative impacts on metabolic outcomes.

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Differential effects of dietary fatty acids on rat liver α-amino-β-carboxymuconate-ɛ-semialdehyde decarboxylase activity and gene expression

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids ◽

10.1016/j.bbalip.2004.04.010 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 1686 (1-2) ◽

pp. 118-124 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Yukari Egashira ◽

Gen Murotani ◽

Atsushi Tanabe ◽

Kuniaki Saito ◽

Koich Uehara ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Rat Liver ◽

Dietary Fatty Acids ◽

Decarboxylase Activity ◽

Differential Effects

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Long non-coding RNAs as pan-cancer master gene regulators of associated protein-coding genes: a systems biology approach

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.6388 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. e6388 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Asanigari Saleembhasha ◽

Seema Mishra

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Gene Expression Pattern ◽

Differentially Expressed ◽

Regulation Of Transcription ◽

Biological Processes ◽

Lncrna Gene ◽

Cancer Types ◽

Non Coding Rnas ◽

Rna Interaction ◽

Pan Cancer

Despite years of research, we are still unraveling crucial stages of gene expression regulation in cancer. On the basis of major biological hallmarks, we hypothesized that there must be a uniform gene expression pattern and regulation across cancer types. Among non-coding genes, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as key gene regulators playing powerful roles in cancer. Using TCGA RNAseq data, we analyzed coding (mRNA) and non-coding (lncRNA) gene expression across 15 and 9 common cancer types, respectively. 70 significantly differentially expressed genes common to all 15 cancer types were enlisted. Correlating with protein expression levels from Human Protein Atlas, we observed 34 positively correlated gene sets which are enriched in gene expression, transcription from RNA Pol-II, regulation of transcription and mitotic cell cycle biological processes. Further, 24 lncRNAs were among common significantly differentially expressed non-coding genes. Using guilt-by-association method, we predicted lncRNAs to be involved in same biological processes. Combining RNA-RNA interaction prediction and transcription regulatory networks, we identified E2F1, FOXM1 and PVT1 regulatory path as recurring pan-cancer regulatory entity. PVT1 is predicted to interact with SYNE1 at 3′-UTR; DNAJC9, RNPS1 at 5′-UTR and ATXN2L, ALAD, FOXM1 and IRAK1 at CDS sites. The key findings are that through E2F1, FOXM1 and PVT1 regulatory axis and possible interactions with different coding genes, PVT1 may be playing a prominent role in pan-cancer development and progression.

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Identification of aberrantly methylated differentially expressed genes in melanoma

10.21203/rs.2.24149/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Wei Han ◽

Guo-liang Shen

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Cell Proliferation ◽

Differentially Expressed Genes ◽

Enrichment Analysis ◽

Differentially Expressed ◽

Regulation Of Transcription ◽

Biological Processes ◽

Hub Genes ◽

Positive Regulation ◽

Upregulated Genes

Abstract Background: Skin Cutaneous Melanoma (SKCM) is known as an aggressive malignant cancer, which could be directly derived from melanocytic nevi. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying malignant transformation of melanocytes and melanoma tumor progression still remain unclear. Increasing researches showed significant roles of epigenetic modifications, especially DNA methylation, in melanoma. This study focused on identification and analysis of methylation-regulated differentially expressed genes (MeDEGs) between melanocytic nevus and malignant melanoma in genome-wide profiles. Methods: The gene expression profiling datasets (GSE3189 and GSE114445) and gene methylation profiling datasets (GSE86355 and GSE120878) were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially methylated genes (DMGs) were identified via GEO2R. MeDEGs were obtained by integrating the DEGs and DMGs. Then, functional enrichment analysis of MeDEGs were performed. STRING and Cytoscape were used to describe protein-protein interaction(PPI) network. Furthermore, survival analysis was implemented to select the prognostic hub genes. Finally, we conducted gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) of hub genes. Results: We identified 237 hypomethylated, upregulated genes and 182 hypermethylated, downregulated genes. Hypomethylation-upregulated genes were enriched in biological processes of the oxidation-reduction process, cell proliferation, cell division, phosphorylation, extracellular matrix disassembly and protein sumoylation. Pathway enrichment showed selenocompound metabolism, small cell lung cancer and lysosome. Hypermethylation-downregulated genes were enriched in biological processes of positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter, cell adhesion, cell proliferation, positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated and angiogenesis. The most significantly enriched pathways involved the transcriptional misregulation in cancer, circadian rhythm, tight junction, protein digestion and absorption and Hippo signaling pathway. After PPI establishment and survival analysis, seven prognostic hub genes were CKS2, DTL, KIF2C, KPNA2, MYBL2, TPX2 and FBL. Moreover, the most involved hallmarks obtained by GSEA were E2F targets, G2M checkpoint and mitotic spindle. Conclusions: Our study identified potential aberrantly methylated-differentially expressed genes participating in the process of malignant transformation from nevus to melanoma tissues based on comprehensive genomic profiles. Transcription profiles of CKS2, DTL, KIF2C, KPNA2, MYBL2, TPX2 and FBL provided clues of aberrantly methylation-based biomarkers, which might improve the development of precise medicine.

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