scholarly journals Influence of No-Till Practices on the Organic Matter Chemical Composition of Protocalcic, Endocalcic and Pantocalcic Chernozems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Alexeevich Kholodov ◽  
Yulian Robertovich Farkhodov ◽  
Nadezhda Vasilievna Yaroslavtseva ◽  
Svyatoslav Vadimovich Maximovich ◽  
Sergei Anatolievich Yudin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Nitrogen Compounds ◽  
Agricultural Technologies ◽  
Pyrolysis Products ◽  
No Till ◽  
Chemical Groups

Reducing the amount of precipitation in summer in the Chernozems area alters soil organic matter (SOM). To compensate for the lack of moisture, farmers are introducing new agricultural technologies such as no-till cultivation. In turn, no-till practices influence the composition of SOM. We examined the impacts of the rise of aridity and no-till technology on the chemical composition of bioavailable and recalcitrant pools of OM. The properties of SOM were assessed using double-shot pyrolysis with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The thermolabile substances that are volatilised in the first stage of pyrolysis (300°C) are considered the bioavailable pool. Accordingly, substances are obtained in the second pyrolysis stage (500°C) were attributed to the recalcitrant pool. Identified in both steps of pyrolysis, products were assigned to different chemical groups (lignin-derivative, polysaccharide-fragments, indoles, etc.) and relative abundances were calculated. In work for the separation of substances, a polar column was used for chromatography of the thermolabile fraction. With an increase in aridity in Сhernozems, the content in the bioavailable pool of polysaccharide fragments decreased and the proportion of indoles increased. In the recalcitrant pool, the abundance of six-membered rings with nitrogen and aromatic compounds decreases at the same time the contents of unsubstituted and O-substituted acyclic compounds as well as pyridine increases. The influence of the NT was more noticeable in the recalcitrant OM. The NT practice promotes biological activity and to rich in nitrogen compounds the bioavailable OM; this process contributes to the accumulation of carbon in the recalcitrant OM.

Pyrolysis Products of Lignin at Different Temperature Detected by Py-GC-MS

2013 ◽  
Vol 663 ◽  
pp. 392-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yin Xuan Fu ◽  
Hai Bin Zhu ◽  
Yan Zhi Sun ◽  
Yong Mei Chen ◽  
Ping Yu Wan
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Efficient Utilization ◽  
Pyrolysis Gas ◽  
Pyrolysis Products ◽  
Pyrolysis Gas Chromatography ◽  
Methoxy Groups

Pyrolyzation of lignin to aromatic compounds with small molecule weight is one of the ways to efficient utilization of lignin resource. Basing on the data of thermogravimetric scanning curve (TG-DTG) and pyrolysis-gas chromatography -mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS), the change in the distribution of pyrolysis products at different temperature was analyzed. The results showed that lignin could produce a large number of aromatic compounds having hydroxy or methoxy groups under the conditions of anaerobic and 250-450°C, but it was not benefit to obtain useful organic compounds when pyrolyzed at elevated temperatures.

scholarly journals Composition of the organic matter in soils from six pedoclimatic zones of Magdalena (Colombia)

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Rafael Vásquez Polo ◽  
Judith Schellekens ◽  
Joeri Kaal
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Relative Proportion ◽  
Analytical Pyrolysis ◽  
Pyrolysis Products ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Chemical Groups

The soils in the NE of the Magdalena province (Colombia) are subject to intense degradation primarily because of the low accumulation rate of soil organic matter (SOM) and its fast turnover. Numerous traditional studies have aimed to mitigate this situation, focusing on the analysis of total SOM contents. The present study aimed to determine SOM quality from six areas under humid and dry tropical forest with different pedoclimatic conditions, using molecular characterization. For each area, sites with different current land use were studied, including forest and cultivated sites. We applied analytical pyrolysis (pyrolysis-GC/MS) to aqueous NaOH-extractable SOM from surface soil samples. One-hundred and ten pyrolysis products were identified and quantified, from the following chemical groups: N-containing compounds (34.1 ± 5.1%), carbohydrate markers (21.1% ± 7.1%), monocyclic aromatic compounds (20.0% ± 4.5%), aliphatic compounds (7.7% ± 1.4%), phenols (7.0% ± 5.0%), polycyclic aromatic compounds (3.6% ± 0.9 %), lignin products (0.3% ± 0.3%) and other compounds (0.2% ± 0.1%). SOM of all studied areas showed a large proportion of N-containing products, indicating a high contribution from microbial material to the SOM. Multivariate statistics allowed for the differentiation between microbial-derived and plant-derived SOM (Factor 1) and the relative proportion of burning residues (Factor 2), and indicated that pedoclimatic conditions exert more influence on SOM composition (cool and humid zones were enriched in microbial SOM while dry zones contained more plant-derived SOM) than land use for the studied soils.

Effect of Organic Matter on the Color of Sphalerite from the Silesia-Cracow Lead-Zinc Deposits, Poland

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-61
Author(s):  
Maciej Rybicki
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Basic Feature ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Similar Distribution ◽  
Lead And Zinc ◽  
Lead Zinc ◽  
Long Chain

Abstract Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) sphalerite samples from lead and zinc mines of the Silesian-Cracow region were studied in terms of the effect of organic matter on their coloration. The results indicate no correlation between the abundance and chemical composition of organic matter and sphalerite coloration. TOC values for investigated samples are in the range of 0.5-1.28%. A basic feature characterizing all samples is very similar distribution of n-alkanes, with a predominance of short-chain n-alkanes (from n-C13 to n-C21) over long-chain n-alkanes (from n-C25 to n-C35). Among the isoprenoids pristane dominates over phytane (Pr/Ph ratio in one sample is even 8.95), which does not correspond to previous studies (Karwowski et al. 2001) and may be due to the multi-source nature of organic matter present in sphalerite inclusions from the Silesian-Cracow Zn-Pb deposits. The occurrence of hopanes with 17β,21β(H) stereochemistry indicates a low maturity of test samples.

scholarly journals Chemical composition and antibacterial activities of essential oils from fruits of Melicope pteleifolia (Champ. Ex Benth.) T.G. Hartley grown in Lam Dong Province, Vietnam

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoang Thi Binh ◽  
Tran Thi Bao Tram ◽  
Do Ngoc Dai ◽  
Vuong Thuy Tien ◽  
Le Minh Tam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Agar Well Diffusion Method

In the present study, chemical composition and antibacterial properties of essential oil obtained from the aerial parts of the Melicope pteleifolia (Champ. ex Benth.) T.G Hartley in Dalat were evaluated. Essential oil was isolated through hydro-distillation. Twenty-nine constituents comprising 100% of the essential oil were characterized by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) techniques. The major compounds in the essential oil were (+)-Sabinene (34.73%), Cis-α-bergamotene (13.15%), Z-α-trans-bergamotol (5.28%), β-mycrene (4.98%), and 1,3,6-octatriene, 3,7-dimethyl-(4.71%). Antibacterial activities of Melicope pteleifolia essential oil were investigated against Gram-positive and-negative bacteria. Results showed significant activities against Streptococcus pyogenes and Escherichia coli using an agar well diffusion method. The application of this essential oil in preventing and eliminating bacteria could be useful in fields as medicine and cosmetics. 

scholarly journals Chemical composition and insecticidal activity of Garcinia gardneriana (Planchon & Triana) Zappi (Clusiaceae) essential oil

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 503-514
Author(s):  
Carla Maria Mariano Fernandez ◽  
◽  
Fabiana Brusco Lorenzetti ◽  
Sirlene Adriana Kleinubing ◽  
Joao Paulo Pinguello de Andrade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Immersion Test ◽  
Acaricidal Activity ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Larvicidal Effect ◽  
Sesquiterpene Hydrocarbons

The present study aimed to analyze the chemical composition of the essential oil from Garcinia gardneriana (Planchon & Triana) Zappi leaves and fruits, and to determine its acaricidal activity on Rhipicephalus microplus by larval packet test and larvicidal action on Aedes aegypti by larval immersion test. The chemical analysis of the essential oil by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry identified sesquiterpene hydrocarbons and oxygenated sesquiterpenes in bacupari leaves and fruits, and α-cedrene, α-chamigrene, α-trans-bergamotene, and β-curcumene as major compounds. Essential oil from leaves of G. gardneriana presented acaricidal activity on R. microplus (LC50 = 4.8 mg/mL; LC99 = 10.8 mg/mL) and larvicidal effect on A. aegypti (LC50 = 5.4 mg/mL; LC99 = 11.6 mg/mL), whereas essential oil from the fruits of G. gardneriana showed LC50 = 4.6 mg/mL and LC99 = 8.9 mg/mL against R. microplus and LC50 = 6.4 mg/mL and LC99 = 13.9 mg/mL against A. aegypti. These results thus demonstrate the potential acaricidal and larvicidal activity of essential oil of G. gardneriana, offering new perspectives for the realization of bioassays from this essential oil.

Catalytic Pyrolysis of Seawater Aged Polypropylene Over HZSM-5, HY, and Al-MCM-41

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 3971-3974
Author(s):  
Young-Kwon Park ◽  
Muhammad Zain Siddiqui ◽  
Sangjae Jeong ◽  
Eun-Suk Jang ◽  
Young-Min Kim
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Catalytic Pyrolysis ◽  
Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Catalyst Poisoning ◽  
Pyrolysis Products ◽  
Thermogravimetric Analyzer ◽  
Mcm 41

The effect of seawater aging on the thermal and catalytic pyrolysis of polypropylene (PP) was investigated using a thermogravimetric analyzer and pyrolyzer-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Although the surface properties of PP were of the oxidized form by seawater aging, the decomposition temperature and non-catalytic pyrolysis products of PP were relatively unchanged largely due to seawater aging. The catalytic pyrolysis of seawater-aged PP over all the catalysts produced smaller amounts of aromatic hydrocarbons than that of fresh PP due to catalyst poisoning caused by the residual inorganics. Among the catalysts, microporous HZSM-5 (SiO2/Al2O3:23) produced the largest amount of aromatic hydrocarbons followed in order by microporous HY(30) and nanoporous Al-MCM-41(20) from seawater-aged PP due to the high acidity and appropriate pore size for the generation of aromatic hydrocarbons.

Chemical Composition and Repellency Effect of Ferulago Angulate Plant Against Malaria Vector, Anopheles Stephensi

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoumeh Pirmohammadi ◽  
Mansoureh Shayeghi ◽  
Mohammad Reza Abai ◽  
Hassan Vatandoost ◽  
Sara Rahimi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Malaria Vector ◽  
Anopheles Stephensi ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Anopheles Mosquitoes ◽  
Protection Time ◽  
The Mean

Abstract BackgroundMalaria is a health problem globally. There are several vector control measures. Using repellent to protect human from biting of vectors is one of the best ways. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of plant against biting of malaria vector, An.stephensi under laboratory conditions.MethodsChemical constituents of Ferulago angulate plant were determined by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Efficacy and the protection time of plant were evaluated on Anopheles stephensi . ResultsA total of 40 compounds were identified in plant. Flourensiadiol (17.4%) dehydro-sabina keton (13.3%), β-maaliene (8.8%) was the highest in the plant. The mean assessed protection time and efficacy for plant was 60 and 100 minutes respectively. ED50 and ED90 values for this plant were 18.12 and 93.19 µl /cm2 respectively.ConclusionResults showed that plant has an acceptable protection time, therefore, this plant could be considered as a good herbal repellent against anopheles mosquitoes.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil of Croton bonplandianus from India

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1400900
Author(s):  
Rajesh K. Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Caryophyllene Oxide ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Sesquiterpene Hydrocarbons ◽  
Germacrene D ◽  
Total Oil

The essential oil obtained from the aerial parts of Croton bonplandianus Baill. was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). A total of 37 compounds have been identified, representing 96.2% of the total oil. The main constituents were identified as β-caryophyllene (16.7%), germacrene D (14.7%), borneol (8.3%), Z-β-damascenone (6.(%), isobornyl acetate (6.2%), α-humulene (6.1%), germacrene A (5.2%) and caryophyllene oxide (4.5%). The oil was rich in sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (60.1%).

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