Kelayakan Usaha Ayam Broiler (Studi pada Usaha Peternakan di Desa Cibinong)

<p>Indonesia poultry consumption has increased year by year, with the average positive growth rate of 4.6%. This situation can be a chance for both small and large scales of poultry farmers, considering that poultry consumption is increasing every year. The rate of poultry production in Gunung Sindur was correlated with the amount of the existing poultry farms. Romli Farm was a small scale poultry farm in Gunung Sindur, Bogor. This poultry farm, with no partnership, could independently survive amongst the many other existing farms. However, although the opportunities were wide open, this business was not always viable for the farmers because many of small-scale farmers could not be able either to increase the income or to carry on the business. This research aimed to study the income, financial feasibility (NPV, IRR, Net B/C Ratio, and PP), the BEP of Selling Price, and the BEP of Product in Romli Farm.</p>

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Conclusion: An Alternative Agriculture for Our Time

Organic Futures ◽

10.12987/yale/9780300199451.003.0010 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Connor J. Fitzmaurice ◽

Brian J. Gareau

Keyword(s):

Food Production ◽

Food System ◽

Consumer Involvement ◽

Small Scale ◽

Local Agriculture ◽

Shopping Experience ◽

Alternative Markets ◽

Small Scale Farmers ◽

Full Force ◽

The Many

Without abandoning the practical idea of farming as a business, the small-scale farmers in this book foster connections between consumer experiences and expectations and farming practices that support their visions of organic. They try to build new, alternative markets to challenge the watering down of “organic” that the full-force entrance of corporate market logics ushered in. However, there are limitations to how sustainable such farming operations can be without further changing the relationships the modern food system is based upon. This chapter begins by recognizing the many limitations of localism, including the potentially neoliberal aspects of such efforts. However, the neoliberal notion that individuals can and should bring forth their own interests and engage in political contestation could (paradoxically) be the very kernel that further popularizes small-scale food production networks that provide safer, more healthful food and a better sense of community than the isolating conventional shopping experience. Finally, the chapter considers how deepening consumer involvement in the process of agriculture, incorporating concerns about social justice into local food systems, and addressing the inefficiencies of decentralized food production could push local agriculture to be even more alternative.

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Construction and Evaluation of a Vertical Motorized Feed Mixer

10.52589/ajste-uixxe0n2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 27-41

Author(s):

Adedeji M. A. ◽

Adegboye T. A. ◽

Adesina I. K. ◽

Ajayi O. O. ◽

Azeez N. A.

Keyword(s):

Rotational Motion ◽

Mixing Time ◽

Throughput Capacity ◽

Small Scale ◽

Poultry Production ◽

Test Results ◽

Base Materials ◽

Mixing Chamber ◽

Mixed Material ◽

Small Scale Farmers

In order to reduce the overall cost of poultry production by small scale farmers, a motorized feed mixer was modified, fabricated and evaluated. The mixer consists of an outer drum, an inner mixing chamber and an auger. All these components were vertically oriented for mixing operation. There was a hopper located at the base of the mixer for loading the materials and a chute for the discharging of mixed products. It was modified to work through a central rotating auger fixed on a shaft that carries a pulley of diameter 185 mm. The rotational motion was transmitted from a motor through a V-belt to the pulley shaft. A 5-0 hp electric motor with 1440 rpm was used to drive the machine. Mixing was achieved as the auger conveyed the feed materials from the bottom to the top, in a continuous rotational motion. The mixer was evaluated using a whole corn kernel (WCK) at 15.35 % (d.b) and small pieces of coloured paper (CP) of 5x5 mm² as tracers in ground maize as base materials. The auger pitch was reduced from 90.0 mm to 85.0 mm to increase the number of pitches from 10 to 12. This modification increased the throughput capacity of the mixer from 50.0 kg to 70.0 kg. The mixed material was delivered through the delivery chute after mixing. Mixing time values evaluated were 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0 and 10.0 mins. The test results showed that maximum mixing occurred at 6.0 mins for coloured paper and 8.0 mins for whole kernel corn.

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Cattle

BSAP Occasional Publication ◽

10.1017/s0263967x00000999 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. 83-89

Author(s):

Ian B. Howie

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Production Systems ◽

Farming System ◽

Small Scale ◽

Market Forces ◽

Poultry Production ◽

Short Term ◽

Fully Integrated ◽

Beef Producers ◽

The Many

Matching production to the markets for meat makes the assumption that individual producers can have an influence on market forces. This may well apply nowadays to some of the very large scale poultry production units but, individually, beef producers can have little if any influence on the marketing scene. Although there are farmers who produce several hundred fat cattle a year, the bulk of the beef produced comes from fairly small scale producers. Much of beef production is on a fairly haphazard basis with little or no recording or budgeting.Nevertheless, small scale producers and feeders who move in and out of the market can exploit local or short-term, favourable, market fluctuations and, with skilful buying and selling, make good profits on a quick turnover. Larger scale producers who have pre-planned fully integrated production systems cannot react as quickly to any great extent to short-term marketing opportunities. I regard marketing as only one of the many variable factors to be taken into account when planning a beef enterprise within a whole farming system, in which it is likely to be one of a number of enterprises which have to be kept in balance.

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An Overview of Traditional Small-Scale Poultry Production in Low-Income, Food-Deficit Countries

Annals of Agricultural & Crop Sciences ◽

10.26420/annagriccropsci.2021.1077 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Wilson RT ◽

Keyword(s):

Low Income ◽

Production Systems ◽

Household Food Security ◽

Small Scale ◽

Scale Production ◽

Poultry Production ◽

Human Welfare ◽

Domestic Livestock ◽

Small Scale Farmers ◽

Product Sales

Poultry production is an activity that is engaged in by a majority of traditional small-scale farmers around the world. The percentage of participants engaged in this enterprise exceeds all those participating in other forms of domestic livestock production. Domestic fowl (“chickens”) are overwhelmingly the main species around the globe world but at least eight other species of bird are reared with regional preferences for one or the other type. A multitude of breeds or varieties are present within species which provide a genetic resource of truly inestimable value and whose genes need to be conserved for posterity. Output of live birds, meat and eggs is low in the mainly extensive or semi-intensive production systems but input costs (labour, feed and medicines) are also low. Poultry contribute to poverty alleviation, household food security, create opportunities for employment and are an asset that can be rapidly converted to income. Women and children are often the principal beneficiaries of small-scale production both as managers and owners. Housing is often rudimentary, the mainly scavenged feed is of inadequate quantity and quality and health interventions are minimal except for vaccination against the plagues of Newcastle Disease and Avian Influenza. Marketing of surplus birds or product sales is largely informal but the system is quite appropriate for the sector. Official policies relating to traditional production are often minimal. There are opportunities for improved production and thus for contributing to human welfare in training of owners in management and in improving nutrition and health of the birds.

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Antimicrobial Usage in Cattle and Poultry Production in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania: Pattern and Quantity

10.21203/rs.3.rs-127229/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Rogers Azabo ◽

Stephen Mshana ◽

Mecky Matee ◽

Sharadhuli I Kimera

Keyword(s):

Dairy Farms ◽

Dar Es Salaam ◽

Small Scale ◽

Antimicrobial Use ◽

Defined Daily Dose ◽

Poultry Production ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Poultry Farms ◽

Daily Dose ◽

Small Scale Dairy

Abstract Background: Antimicrobials are extensively used in cattle and poultry production in Tanzania. However, there is dearth of information on its quantitative use. A questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was conducted from August to September 2019 in randomly selected poultry and small-scale dairy farms, in three districts of Dar es Salaam City eastern, Tanzania, to assess the practice and quantify antimicrobial use. Descriptive and statistical analyses were performed at a confidence interval of 95%. The ratio of Used Daily Dose (UDD) and Defined Daily Dose (DDD) were used to determine whether the antimicrobial was overdosed or under dosed. Results: A total of 51 poultry and 65 small-scale dairy farms were involved in the study. The route of antimicrobial administration was 98% orally via drinking water and 2% in feeds for poultry and for small-scale dairy farms, all through parenteral route. Seventeen types of antimicrobials comprising seven classes were recorded in poultry farms while nine belonging to six classes in the small dairy farms. Majority of the farms (poultry, 87.7% and small-scale dairy, 84.3%) used antimicrobials for therapeutic purposes. About 41% of the poultry and one third (34%) of the dairy farmers’ were not compliant to the drug withdrawal periods. Beta-lactams, fluoroquinolones, sulphonamides, tetracyclines and macrolides were the commonly used antimicrobials on these farms. Trimethoprim and tylosin were under dosed whereas colistin, sulfadiazine, sulfamerazine, flumequin and sulfadimidine were over dosed in the poultry farms and only tylosin over dosed in small dairy farms. The majority (58.6%) of farmers had adequate level of practices regarding antimicrobial use in cattle and poultry production. This was associated with the age and level of education of the cattle and poultry farmers. Conclusion: The study revealed a high and widespread misuse of antimicrobials of different types and classes in both poultry and small-scale dairy farming in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. This result gives insight into the antimicrobial use practices and its quantification. The information obtained can guide and promote prudent use of antimicrobials among the farmers by developing mitigate strategies that reduce antimicrobial resistance risk potentials.

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Development of adaptive training materials for conservation agriculture promotion in Africa.

10.1079/9781789245745.0023 ◽

2022 ◽

pp. 371-381

Author(s):

Neil Miller ◽

Putso Nyathi ◽

Jean Twilingiyumukiza

Keyword(s):

Conservation Agriculture ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Small Scale ◽

Adaptive Training ◽

Training Methodology ◽

Training Materials ◽

Agroecological Zones ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

Small Scale Farmers ◽

The Many

Abstract In order for Conservation Agriculture (CA) to reach and impact small-scale farmers in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), CA technologies need to be adapted to suit the diversity of agroecological zones and cultures present on the continent. Training materials for CA promotion need to be similarly customizable to help extension staff and farmers develop their own, context-appropriate solutions from among the many possible CA approaches. From 2015 through 2018, a diverse set of farmer-level training materials for CA and complementary technologies was developed and field-tested by Canadian Foodgrains Bank partners. Together with a participatory, adaptive training methodology, these materials have enhanced the effectiveness of CA promotion, and they have been made available for copyright-free download in English, French, Kiswahili, Portuguese and Amharic (http://caguide.act-africa.org/, accessed 6 August 2021). This paper describes the process of developing these materials as well as challenges and constraints to their utilization.

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Antimicrobial usage in cattle and poultry production in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: pattern and quantity

BMC Veterinary Research ◽

10.1186/s12917-021-03056-9 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Rogers Azabo ◽

Stephen Mshana ◽

Mecky Matee ◽

Sharadhuli I. Kimera

Keyword(s):

Dairy Farms ◽

Dar Es Salaam ◽

Small Scale ◽

Antimicrobial Use ◽

Defined Daily Dose ◽

Poultry Production ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Poultry Farms ◽

Daily Dose ◽

Small Scale Dairy

Abstract Background Antimicrobials are extensively used in cattle and poultry production in Tanzania. However, there is dearth of information on its quantitative use. A questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was conducted from August to September 2019 in randomly selected poultry and small-scale dairy farms, in three districts of Dar es Salaam City eastern, Tanzania, to assess the practice and quantify antimicrobial use. Descriptive and statistical analyses were performed at a confidence interval of 95%. The ratio of Used Daily Dose (UDD) and Defined Daily Dose (DDD) were used to determine whether the antimicrobial was overdosed or under dosed. Results A total of 51 poultry and 65 small-scale dairy farms were involved in the study. The route of antimicrobial administration was 98% orally via drinking water and 2% in feeds for poultry and for small-scale dairy farms, all through parenteral route. Seventeen types of antimicrobials comprising seven classes were recorded in poultry farms while nine belonging to six classes in the small dairy farms. Majority of the farms (poultry, 87.7% and small scale dairy, 84.3%) used antimicrobials for therapeutic purposes. About 41% of the poultry and one third (34%) of the dairy farmers’ were not compliant to the drug withdrawal periods. Beta-lactams, fluoroquinolones, sulphonamides, tetracyclines and macrolides were the commonly used antimicrobials on these farms. In the poultry farms both those with records and those which relied on recall, antimicrobials were overdosed whereas in the small dairy farms, sulfadimidine, oxytetracycline and neomycin were within the appropriate dosing range (0.8–1.2). The majority (58.6%) of farmers had adequate level of practices (favorable) regarding antimicrobial use in cattle and poultry production. This was associated with the age and level of education of the cattle and poultry farmers. Conclusion The study revealed a widespread misuse of antimicrobials of different types and classes in both poultry and small-scale dairy farming in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. This result gives insight into the antimicrobial use practices and its quantification. The information obtained can guide and promote prudent use of antimicrobials among the farmers by developing mitigate strategies that reduce antimicrobial resistance risk potentials.

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The Complexity of Investment Spillover from New-Type Agricultural Business Entities to Small-Scale Farmers

International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos ◽

10.1142/s0218127421501558 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 31 (10) ◽

pp. 2150155

Author(s):

Xin Su ◽

Yufeng Hu ◽

Haolong Liu

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Small Scale ◽

Selling Price ◽

Cournot Game ◽

Adjustment Speed ◽

New Type ◽

Agricultural Business ◽

Business Entities ◽

Small Scale Farmers ◽

Two Sides

Aiming to clarify the leading roles of new-type agricultural business entities (abbreviated as NABEs) to small-scale farmers, integrated game models between NABEs and small-scale farmers are designed to verify the impact of scale economy and investment spillover on the equilibrium points of the game system. The influence of the investment spillover rate and the decision-making adjustment speed on the stability of the system are emphatically discussed. Numerical simulation shows that, with the increase of small-scale farmers’ decision-making adjustment speed, the system would successively show the phenomena of stability, period doubling bifurcation, chaos and discreteness. In the Cournot game, the two sides’ decision-making results such as investment intensity, selling price and eventual profits vary in the opposite direction. In the Stackelberg game of the basic mode, the two sides’ decision-making results are not evidently changed, and NABEs’ investment intensity, selling price and eventual profits are higher than those of small-scale farmers. In the order mode, system improvement can be realized by controlling the investment spillover rate. The research results indicate that with the increase of the adjustment speed of small-scale farmers’ decision-making, the repeated game decision-making aggravates the instability of the Cournot game system. This paper finds that the order pattern can make up for the scale weakness of small-scale farmers, and finally achieve a win-win situation for decision makers in the case of uncertain demands.

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Constraints and Challenges Facing the Small Scale Farmers in Limpopo Province, South Africa

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v6n4p135 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 135 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Sylvester Mpandeli ◽

Phokele Maponya

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Agricultural Sector ◽

Market Access ◽

Limpopo Province ◽

Small Scale ◽

Structural Constraints ◽

Financial Assets ◽

Cost Of Transport ◽

Small Scale Farmers ◽

The Many

Macro- and micro-structural constraints, including those linked to and exacerbated by historical, natural and financial factors are some of the many stressors facing small-scale farmers in Limpopo Province. The challenge is to co-design ways to effectively manage these constraints with development actions. Small scale farmers in South Africa are still facing major challenges in the agricultural sector. In this paper some of the challenges faced by small-scale farmers in the Limpopo Province have been identified. Some of the challenges found during the formal surveys and focus group meetings in the Tshakhuma, Rabali and Tshiombo areas were those linked to financial, assets, land ownership and biophysical factors. Specific constraints included: (a) Market information and market access; (b) Price of inputs, for example fertilizer and herbicides; (c) Availability of inputs; (d) Irrigation; (e) Cost of transport, and Natural constraint.

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Farmer’s Stance on Antibiotic Resistance to E. coli and Extended Spectrum - β -lactamase Producing (ESBL) E. coli Isolated from Poultry Droppings

Asian Journal of Dairy and Food Research ◽

10.18805/ajdfr.dr-1574 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

R. Durairajan ◽

M. Murugan ◽

K. Karthik ◽

K. Porteen

Keyword(s):

Structured Interview ◽

Small Scale ◽

Poultry Farm ◽

Disc Diffusion ◽

M Gene ◽

Interview Schedule ◽

E Coli ◽

Poultry Farms ◽

Poultry Droppings ◽

Esbl Producers

Background: This study was conducted to explore the contribution of poultry farms to the contamination of the environment with ESBL-producing Escherichia coli and there with, potentially to the spread of these bacteria to humans and other animals. Hence, the present work is a poultry farm based study aimed to detect prevalence of ESBL producing E.coli among poultry of small scale farmers.Methods: ESBL-producing E. coli were detected at poultry farm (n=40). The E. coli was isolated from poultry droppings in irrespective of diseases. The required data were collected through well-structured interview schedule in farm premises. E.coli isolates were more susceptible to Gentamicin, Aztreonarm, Cefrtrazindime and Cefotoxime. Result: Detection of ESBL isolates was performed by Combined Disc Diffusion Methods. Out of 40 E.coli isolates 12 were phenotypically identified as ESBL producers. The prevalence of CTX-m gene is 50% and Bla (TEM) gene is 50%.

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