scholarly journals Minimum subsistence level in the social policy of the poor countries of Europe: the case of Ukraine

2020 ◽  
Vol 182 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 117-125
Author(s):  
Еlla Libanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Insurance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Absolute Poverty ◽  
Subsistence Level ◽  
Food Component ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact

The category of «minimum subsistence level» (SL), also referred to as «absolute poverty line», is one of the fundamental in the socio-economic policy of the modern country. The majority of social transfers depends on the size of the minimum subsistence level, i.e., the level of state support for vulnerable groups of the population; SL is the basis for setting a number of salaries in the budgetary sphere and, accordingly, the amount of tax revenues; the practice is common of reconciling the size of the minimum wage and the maximum level of income from which contributions to compulsory state social insurance are paid with SL. Thus, the SL forms a significant part of budget expenditures and at the same time revenues in the public finance system. The article presents the results of systematization of the principles and methods of calculating SL adopted in different countries. In particular, the characteristics of normative, structural and normative, statistical, resource-based and subjective approaches are given. Considering the well-founded claims to the current methodology for determining SL in Ukraine, the urgent need for its transformation is emphasized and the author’s vision of innovations is highlighted. The rationale is provided for introducing a structural and normative approach for the analysis, monitoring and forecasting of social development and welfare, differentiated by age groups, determined in accordance with participation in education and the labour market. The necessity is emphasized of: developing the norms of food consumption exclusively by medical specialists; using different SL structures; transition to the calculations of SL of the households with a separate definition of the so-called semi-fixed costs (at the level of 20-30% of the food component of a person aged 20-64), which eliminates the use of disputable scales of equivalence. For the purpose of social assistance and calculation of its amount, it is proposed to focus on 40% of the median official salary. The argument is that payouts from the budget depend on the revenues, i.e., taxes on legal wages, and, moreover, this is the threshold accepted in many European countries. The article provides examples of SL calculations, in particular, with the definition of the impact of various methodological schemes on the level and depth of poverty in the country, on the structure of the poor.As the final result the proposals are given for the use of SL in public policy.

The impact of cash transfer programs on Brazilian’s well-being

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 1106-1118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Izete Pengo Bagolin
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Cash Transfer ◽  
Social Program ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Absolute Poverty ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Transfer Programs ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is twofold: first, to investigate if there is any evidence of differentials in the well-being achievements of two groups which will be called the “artificially” and the “truly” not poor; and second, to test the hypothesis that income from work is a better entitlement than income received from social programs. Design/methodology/approach The author used data from the 2008 Brazilian Household Budget Survey and selected two groups. Both groups are composed of people living between the absolute and the relative poverty line. The group that is living above the absolute poverty line only due to cash transfer programs will be considered the “artificially” not poor. And people who are out of absolute poverty but not receiving any help from social program are considered the “truly” (and not absolutely) poor. The hypothesis was tested using structural equation modeling. Findings The results support the hypothesis that people who are not receiving income from cash transfer programs achieve a higher level of well-being in the dimensions of housing and food. Food and housing capabilities affect each other and such result reinforces the multidimensionality of the Brazilian poverty. Research limitations/implications The main limitations refers to the restrict number of dimensions and to the necessity to adapt the indicators available to answer the paper objectives. Practical implications The paper results can help the policy makers to better understand the cash transfer programs attainment and boundaries. Social implications The paper results highlight that the cash transfer programs, even being useful to improve people well-being, are not sufficient to promote human capabilities and are not truly undertaking the multidimensional deprivations of the poor. Originality/value The paper compares two groups of people living with identical amount of income acquired from different origins.

The Impact of Race, Age, and Sex in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL): A Comprehensive SEER Analysis in the Pre and Post Rituximab (R) Eras.

Blood ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 120 (21) ◽  
pp. 2877-2877
Author(s):  
Chadi Nabhan ◽  
Briseis Aschebrook-Kilfoy ◽  
Andrew M. Evens ◽  
Brian C-H Chiu ◽  
Sonali M. Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Survival Data ◽  
Research Funding ◽  
Combined Therapy ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Male Predominance ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Abstract 2877 Background: Racial disparity has been well documented in a number of cancers but the impact of race on CLL in the contemporary era is unclear. While preliminary evidence suggests that Black (B) patients (pts) have worse survival than their White (W) counterparts (Shenoy et al, Clin Lymph Myleoma Leuk, 12/2011), the importance of sex, age, socioeconomic status (SES), and whether the wide use of single use or combined therapy with R in CLL over the last decade plus has affected overall survival (OS) have not been fully explored. Further, outcome of Hispanic (H) and Asian/Pacific Islanders (A/PI) CLL pts has not been fully studied. Methods: We examined population based survival data from SEER 13 (1993–2008) for CLL within and across various races. We also investigated the impact of sex, age, and socioeconomic status (SES) on their clinical outcome. Outcomes were examined over two consecutive 8-year (yr) periods: Era-1 (1993–2000) and Era-2 (2001–2008) with the assumption of R therapy in CLL patients being more frequent after 2001 (market research data not shown). Results: We identified 24,964 pts [W =21,363 (85.5%), H =1,197 (4.7%), B =1,709 (6.8%), and A/PI =695 (2.7%)]. Differences were notable for a greater male predominance among A/PI [62% vs. 57% (B), 56% (H), 58% (W); P=0.03]; a higher proportion of pts >80 among W [22% vs. 17% (H), 15% (B), 16% (A/PI); P<0.001], and higher SES among A/PI and W pts compared to B and H (P<0.001). OS for all patients was significantly better in Era-2 vs. Era-1 at 5-yrs (65% vs. 60.4%, P<0.0001). This improvement was statistically significant in all races except A/PI pts (P=0.71) (Table). Improved survival across eras was also noted in all age groups (<50 (P<0.00001), 50–59 (P=0.007), 60–69 (P<0.0001), 70–79 (P<0.0001), >80 yrs (P<0.0001)). Further, improved OS was noted in the two SES classes evaluated (0–15% and 15.1–30% below poverty line respectively). While there were no statistical differences between males and females within either era, improvement in OS was noted in both sexes in Era-2 versus Era-1 (P<0.0001). We subsequently compared OS within and across races (Table). Despite the fact that OS improved in all races, W pts continued to have better OS in Era-2. In Era-1, while W pts had better OS than B and H pts, the OS is similar between W and A/PI. Although OS improved in all SES classes, patients with higher SES continued to have better OS in Era-2 (P<0.0001 for both). Conclusions: The OS of CLL pts has improved in the contemporary era for both sexes, all age groups, and all races except A/PI individuals. The improvement in outcome in Era-2 might be partially explained by increased use of R and other novel agents that became available after 2001. Despite the broad nature of these improvements, racial and SES differences in the survival persist and deserve further validation and pursuit of the causes. Disclosures: Shanafelt: Genentech: Research Funding; GlaxoSmith Klein: Research Funding; Teva/Cephalon: Research Funding; Celgene: Research Funding. Kay:Genentech: Research Funding; Glaxosmith Klein: Research Funding.

scholarly journals Blindness Above And Below The Poverty Line: Reflections from Sofala, Mozambique

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Assegid Roba ◽  
Margarida Chagunda ◽  
Tiago Machissa
Keyword(s):  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Capita Expenditure ◽  
International Dollar ◽  
Visual Status ◽  
Standard Component ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact

Objective: Although the correlation between visual impairment and poverty has been established, economic assessment is not a standard component of blindness surveys. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of avoidable blindness and its association with poverty in Sofala province of Mozambique. Methods: As part of a Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness, 94% of a random sample of 3600 people &gt;50 years responded to questions regarding daily per capita expenditure. The WHO definition of blindness (presenting visual acuity &lt;3/60) was used to determine the visual status of participants, and the World Bank’s threshold of living on &lt;$1.25 International Dollar a day demarcated the poverty line. Results: The prevalence of blindness was 3.2% [95% Confidence Interval (CI): 2.6, 3.8]. People living below the poverty line had a significantly greater odds of being blind [Odds Ratio (OR): 2.6 (CI: 1.6 to 4.5)]. Age above 60 [OR: 7.0 [CI: 4.6 to 10.80] predicted blindness but the association with illiteracy, gender or rural residence was not significant. Conclusions: Blindness disproportionately affects people living below the poverty line. Development initiatives could augment the impact of blindness prevention programs. Measuring poverty should become a standard component of visual impairment surveys.

scholarly journals Over-indebted Households in Poland: Classification Tree Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Wałęga ◽  
Agnieszka Wałęga
Keyword(s):  
Classification Tree ◽  
Regression Tree ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Classification And Regression Tree ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Psychological Burden ◽  
Tree Analysis ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Income Ratio ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract Increasing a personal debt burden implies greater financial vulnerability and threats for macroeconomic stability. It also generates a risk of the households over-indebtedness. The assessment of over-indebtedness is conducted with the use of various objective and subjective measures based on the micro-level data. The aim of the study is to investigate over-indebted households in Poland using a unique dataset obtained from the CATI survey. We discuss and compare the usefulness of various over-indebtedness measures across different socio-economic characteristics. Due to the differences in over-indebtedness across single measures, we perform a more complex assessment using a mix of indicators. As an alternative to other commonly criticised over-indebtedness measures, we apply the “below the poverty line” (BPL) measure. In order to obtain the profile of over-indebted households, we use classification and regression tree analysis as an alternative to logit or probit models. We find that DSTI (“debt service to income”) ratio underestimates the extent of over-indebtedness in vulnerable groups of households in comparison with the BPL. We highlight the necessity to use different measures depending on the adopted definition of over-indebtedness. A psychological burden of debts is particularly strong among older and poorly educated respondents. We also find that the age structure of over-indebted households in Poland differs from this structure in countries with a broader access to consumer credits. Our results can be used to enrich the methods of assessing the household over-indebtedness.

scholarly journals Blindness above and below the Poverty Line: Reflections form Sofala, Mozambique

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Assegid A. Roba ◽  
Margarida Chagunda ◽  
Tiago S. Machissa
Keyword(s):  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Capita Expenditure ◽  
International Dollar ◽  
Visual Status ◽  
Standard Component ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact

Although the correlation between visual impairment and poverty has been established, economic assessment is not a standard component of blindness surveys. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of avoidable blindness and its association with poverty in Sofala province of Mozambique. As part of a Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness, 94% of a random sample of 3600 people >50 years responded to questions regarding daily per capita expenditure. The WHO definition of blindness (presenting visual acuity <3/60) was used to determine the visual status of participants, and the World Bank’s threshold of living on <$1.25 International Dollar a day demarcated the poverty line. The prevalence of blindness was 3.2% [95% Confidence Interval (CI): 2.6, 3.8]. People living below the poverty line had significantly greater odds of being blind [Odds Ratio (OR): 2.6 (CI: 1.6 to 4.5)]. Age above 60 [OR: 7.0 [CI: 4.6 to 10.80] predicted blindness but the association with illiteracy, gender or rural residence was not significant. Blindness disproportionately affects people living below the poverty line. Development initiatives could augment the impact of blindness prevention programs. Measuring poverty should become a standard component of visual impairment surveys.

scholarly journals A composite endpoint for acceptability evaluation of oral drug formulations in the pediatric population

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manfred Wargenau ◽  
Sibylle Reidemeister ◽  
Ingrid Klingmann ◽  
Viviane Klingmann
Keyword(s):  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Composite Endpoint ◽  
Oral Drug ◽  
Orodispersible Films ◽  
Fda Guidance ◽  
Oral Formulations ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: A medicine's acceptability is likely to have significant impact on pediatric compliance. EMA and FDA guidance on this topic ask for investigation of acceptability. Although palatability and deglutition are denoted as elements of acceptability, the impact of both on acceptability remains unclear as an unambiguous definition of acceptability is lacking. Actually, globally applied standards for acceptability definition, testing methodology and assessment criteria do not exist. A definition of acceptability establishing a composite endpoint that combines deglutition and palatability in different age groups is presented here. Methods: This composite acceptability endpoint is based on validated assessment methods for deglutition and palatability in children of different age groups with different galenic placebo formulations, in line with criteria EMA proposed for assessing acceptability in children from newborn to 18 years. Data from two studies investigating mini-tablets, oblong tablets, orodispersible films and syrup were used to investigate the validity, expediency and applicability of the suggested composite acceptability assessment tool. Results: The new composite endpoint is highly suitable and efficient to distinguish preferences of oral formulations: Mini-tablets and oblong tablets were significantly better accepted than syrup and orodispersible film. Conclusion: Since the suggested acceptability criterion takes both deglutition and palatability into account as composite endpoint, it is highly sensitive to detect acceptability differences between oral formulations. It is a well-defined, valid approach, which particularly meets regulatory requirements in an appropriate and comprehensive manner and may in future serve as an easy, standardized method to assess and compare acceptability of pediatric formulations with active substances.

scholarly journals The impact of remittances on household poverty

2020 ◽  
Vol 08 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ohiomoje Iyemifokhae ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Probit Regression ◽  
Absolute Poverty ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
The North ◽  
Household Poverty ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
The Impact

In 2015, the inflow of international remittances to Nigeria stood at $20.5 billion (World Bank, 2016). This represents 3.5% of the global flow and 58.5% of the Sub-Saharan Africa’s estimate. In spite of this increased flow, household poverty has remained pervasive in Nigeria. Previous studies have focused on the impact that aggregate remittances have on household poverty without considering the roles of the different types of remittances (cash, food and other remittances) on household poverty in Nigeria. This study was, therefore, designed to analyse the impact of the various types of remittances on household poverty across the rural and urban areas and the six geo-political zones of Nigeria. The study was premised on consumption theory which incorporates remittances as a form of income that affects household consumption. The methodology was similar to that of Mukherjee and Benson (2003). In this study, the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) was used to estimate the mean of the per capita expenditures (which were compared with the absolute poverty line) of remittance-receiving households against households, community and regional profiles. Probit regression was used as robustness checks on the OLS estimates. In order to examine the effect of endogeneity, the Heckman’s two-stage estimation technique was deployed. The impact of aggregate, cash, food and other remittances on household poverty are chequered in rural, urban and across the six geo-political zones. These impacts are felt strongly in the rural and urban areas as well as in the North Central, South East and South West zones than in other geo-political zones of Nigeria.

scholarly journals Perlindungan Sosial Bagi Perempuan Disabilitas (Studi di Himpunan Wanita Disabilitas Indonesia (HWDI) Maluku)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jurnal ARISTO
Keyword(s):  
Social Insurance ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
The Public ◽  
Physical Limitations ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Social Empowerment ◽  
Women With Disability ◽  
Research Show

Social protection is a means of important to relieve the impact of poverty and afflictions faced by vulnerable groups such as women .It cannot be denied that women were treated in a discriminatory manner and has gotten the stigma in specific conditions. Women often victims, both with the sacred printing domestic and public domain, this condition more complicated again, if the woman has with disability. Limited and inability as a female either physically and psychologically cause women with disability not able to meet a need maximally. Research aims to understand social protection forms received and constraints experienced by women with disability in get access to range of services available or provided by the government. Research will be implemented in an institution the set of women with disability Indonesia (HWDI) Kota Ambon, Provinsi Maluku .This research used the qualitative method which describes about the forms of social protection as well as constraints experienced by the Women Disability. The object of this research is focused on the members of the HWDI organization. Results of the research show that the received protection form, though Women Disability is social insurance, social assistance and Social Empowerment and obstacles faced in accessing services is uneven dissemination of information as well as physical limitations and treatment diskirminasi of the community and the public is not aksesibiti for persons with Disability.

scholarly journals An Urban Poverty Line Estimate

1977 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Wasay
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Urban Poverty ◽  
Basic Needs ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Income Group ◽  
Absolute Poverty ◽  
Policy Objective ◽  
Adequate Level ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Over Time

A fundamental policy objective in developing countries is the reduction of poverty and the provision of an adequate level of income sufficient to allow for the basic consumption needs of the lowest income group. It is not an easy objective because resources are limited. Moreover, the definition of basic needs itself is difficult since these needs vary from region to region, and over time. Nevertheless, the poverty problem is sufficiently important to justify the development of practical measures of at least the biological and physical needs: food, clothing, and shelter. With such measures, a translation of basic consumption needs from physical to expenditure units and the calculation of an absolute poverty line is possible.

scholarly journals Makro Ekonomi dan Pengentasan Kemiskinan di Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-203
Author(s):  
Abi Fadillah
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Absolute Poverty ◽  
Bounds Testing ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Limit Test ◽  
The Impact

Poverty is still a problem in Indonesia's economy. From the colonial period to 75 years of independence, around 27.55 million people still live below the poverty line. This paper tries to examine the impact of Indonesia's macroeconomic variables as proxied by Economic Growth (GDPG), Inward FDI (FDI), Unemployment (UNM), Inflation (IN), Exports (EXP), Imports (IMP) on Indonesia's absolute poverty (POVY) with using annual data from 1979-2020. This study emphasizes economic growth as the primary variable. At the same time, other independent variables are used as control variables. The method in this study uses Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) and applies bounds testing approach to measuring the long-term relationship between the independent and dependent variables. The cointegration limit test shows that there is long-term cointegration between macroeconomic impacts on poverty in Indonesia. The short-term and long-term ARDL models show that all independent variables have a significant relationship with poverty in Indonesia.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document