scholarly journals An Introduction of Scientific Survey of Francis Buchanan “Hamilton”

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepali Kumari
Keyword(s):  
Human Mind ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Focused Attention ◽  
Scientific Survey

<p><em>This paper devotes an introduction of scientific survey of Francis Buchanan ‘Hamilton’. Science is called the greatest triumph of the human mind over nature. Natural sciences focused attention on the investigation of the Indian environment and even placed Indians themselves towards scrutiny &amp; their will themselves never be any great enthusiasm for belonging to a society which is not going forward, our culture is full of unformulated rules of conventional behaviour, and we have placed a perfectly absurd value on the ability to confirm to those rules &amp; thus to preserve the whole system whose behaviour they are supposed to regulate. Just like that a Scottish physician Buchanan ‘Hamilton’ recognised for making significant contributions as a Geographer, zoologist, Botanist &amp; as a historian while living in India.</em></p>

Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Chodat
Keyword(s):  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Focused Attention ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
High Modernism ◽  
Normative Concepts ◽  
Unique Experience

Literary works since the rise of high modernism have been intensely hostile to abstract generalization, and have focused attention on the unique experience and singular expression. This nominalist impulse—summed up in the cry “show, don’t tell!”—has encouraged a deep wariness toward broad normative concepts: “good,” “bad,” “courage,” “justice,” etc. More than is often recognized, however, this literary skepticism parallels the skepticism toward such concepts in the natural sciences, which accords no place to such abstract “high words” in a world of matter and calculable motions. Against this dual literary and scientific inheritance, the postwar sage offers a “weak realism” about normative concepts and a “reflective” mode of composition: a movement between the particular and the general, art and argument. Such a literary–intellectual project is risky, and opens the sage to charges of sentimentalism. Closely attending to their works, however, suggests that we should avoid entering this protest too quickly.

scholarly journals Hayek, las ciencias y la praxeología

2017 ◽  
pp. 129-152
Author(s):  
Luis Luque Santoro
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
Formal Theory ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
The Social ◽  
Methodological Principles ◽  
Science Methodology ◽  
Complex Phenomena

This paper includes the main conclusions driven from a thorough com-pilation and interpretation of F.A. Hayek’s most relevant views on the subjects of philosophy of science, epistemology and methodology regarding social scien-ces. The dialogue that Hayek seems to establish between sciences and methods is particularly highlighted. This dialogue might be summarized in two ways: a «bottom-up» connection, by offering an alternative justification for methodologi-cal dualism and the proper methodological principles for the social sciences, from the perspetive of the natural sciences methodological paradigm in which Hayek frames his human mind theory in his work The Sensory Order; and a «top-down» connection, by concluding with respect to the complex phenomena theo-ries of natural sciences that there exist common methodological challenges with the social sciences, which require in both cases to take into account methodolo-gical differences not covered under the orthodox mainstream methodological paradigm. In this sense an interpretation of Hayek’s methodological approxima-tion to economics as an applied or empirical social science is proposed; which intends to offer explanations about concrete reality, as a necessary complement of Mises praxeology which instead only focuses on pure and formal theory. Keywords: Hayek; Philosophy of Science; Methodology; Praxeology; Pure Logic of Choice. JEL Classification: A12, A14, B41, B53. Resumen: En este trabajo se presentan las principales conclusiones de una detenida compilación e interpretación de los planteamientos más importantes de F.A. Hayek sobre temas de filosofía de la ciencia, epistemología y metodo - logía de las ciencias sociales. En particular se resalta el diálogo que Hayek parece plantear entre ciencias y métodos y que se concretaría en dos senti-dos: en una conexión «por abajo», justificando el dualismo metodológico y los principios metodológicos adecuados para las ciencias sociales, desde el paradigma metodológico de las ciencias naturales en el que elabora su teoría sobre la mente humana en El Orden Sensorial; y en una conexión «por arriba» al concluir respecto a las teorías sobre fenómenos complejos de las ciencias naturales la existencia de retos comunes con los que también se enfrentan las ciencias sociales y que requieren dar cabida en ambos casos a diferencias metodológicas no previstas según el criterio ortodoxo dominante. En este último sentido, se propone una interpretación de la aproximación metodoló-gica de Hayek para la economía como una ciencia social aplicada o empí-rica que tiene como objetivo ofrecer explicaciones de la realidad, como el complemento necesario a la praxeología misesiana centrada en la teoría pura formal. Palabras clave: Hayek; Filosofía de la Ciencia; Metodología; Praxeología; Lógica Pura de la Elección. Clasificación JEL: A12 (Relación de la economía con otras disciplinas); A14 (Sociología de la economía); B41 (Metodología económica); B53 (Escuela aus-triaca).

Providential Naturalism and Miracles: John Fearn's Critique of Scottish Philosophy

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-94
Author(s):  
Giovanni B. Grandi
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Common Sense ◽  
Scientific Progress ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Thomas Reid ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century

According to Thomas Reid, the development of natural sciences following the model of Newton's Principia and Optics would provide further evidence for the belief in a provident God. This project was still supported by his student, Dugald Stewart, in the early nineteenth century. John Fearn (1768–1837), an early critic of the Scottish common sense school, thought that the rise of ‘infidelity’ in the wake of scientific progress had shown that the apologetic project of Reid and Stewart had failed. In reaction to Reid and Stewart, he proposed an idealist philosophy that would dispense with the existence of matter, and would thus cut at the root what he thought was the main source of modern atheism. In this paper, I consider Fearn's critique of Reid and Stewart in his main works: First Lines of the Human Mind (1820) and Manual of the Physiology of Mind (1829). I also consider Fearn's arguments against Hume and in favour of a renewed apologetics in An Essay on the Philosophy of Faith and the Economy of Revelation (1815).

О ДОБРЕ И ЗЛЕ, О ЖИЗНИ И СМЕРТИ: НАУЧНЫЕ ДИСКУССИИ С Г. А. БАЛЛОМ

1970 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 190-201
Author(s):  
Леонид Левит
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Work ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Dual System ◽  
Positive Illusions ◽  
Outstanding Scientist ◽  
Life And Death ◽  
Modern Psychology ◽  
Good And Evil

Работа  посвящена  памяти  ушедшего из  жизни  выдающегося  ученого  и  психолога,  профессора   Г. А. Балла. Приводятся основные темы, содержание и результаты научных дискуссий между Г. А. Баллом  и автором статьи на протяжении последних нескольких лет. Автор рассматривает категорию добра в  контексте  соотношения  трёх  основных,  «вечных»  ценностей  (истины,  добра,  красоты),  принятого  в  философии. Склонность человеческого мозга к образованию позитивных иллюзий, выявленная нейронаукой в  последние десятилетия, позволяет более чётко разграничить «истинное» и «неистинное» добро. Показано,  как применение разработанной автором двусистемной и многоуровневой «Личностно-ориентированной  концепции счастья» (ЛОКС) в сочетании с проведенными экспериментальными исследованиями позволило  существенно  продвинуться  в  изучении  проблем  добра  и  зла,  альтруизма  и  эгоизма,  жизни  и  смерти,  представлявших  средоточие  интереса  для  Г.  А.  Балла.  Также  открываются  новые  возможности  для  сближения   двух   основных   –   естественнонаучного   и   гуманитарного   –   направлений   в   современной  психологии The  manuscript  is  dedicated to  the  memory  of  Professor  G.  A.  Ball  – the outstanding  scientist  and  psychologist. We represent the main topics, the content and the results of scientific discussions with G. A. Ball in the  recent years. The author regards the category of good in the context of interrelationship between three main, eternal  values (truth, good and beauty) which is widely accepted in philosophy. The proneness of human mind for positive  illusions, discovered by neuroscience in the last decades, enables to separate between true and not true good. The  author demonstrates the possibilities of his dual system and multilevel «Person-Oriented Conception» of Happiness  as well as the main results of his experimental explorations. Their implementation enabled us to move forward  significantly in studying the problems of good and evil, of altruism and egoism, of life and death. All of these themes  represented the focus of G. A. Ball’s interest in his scientific work. There also open new possibilities for the  rapprochement between the natural sciences and the humanistic approaches in modern psychology

scholarly journals E.V. ILYENKOV'S ONTOLOGY OF CONSCIOUSNESS AND RUSSIAN COSMISM

2020 ◽  
pp. 241-247
Author(s):  
Евгений Михайлович Дмитриевский
Keyword(s):  
Human Activity ◽  
Natural Science ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Essential Point ◽  
Soviet Philosopher ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Universe

В статье дано сопоставление взглядов советского философа Э.В. Ильенкова и представителей естественнонаучного течения русского космизма. Сходство указанных позиций основывается на понимании необходимости существования во Вселенной мозга и важности человеческого разума для преобразования природы. Различие взглядов связано с разницей подходов. Ильенков пытался философски осмыслить атрибутивность сознания природе. Он изобразил круговую схему умирания и возрождения бытия с переломной точкой в виде сознания. Космисты рассматривали мыслящий мозг с точки зрения естественных наук. Для них важным было показать возможности постоянного прогресса жизни и разума. Существенным моментом для обеих сторон была апелляция к нравственным аспектам человека. The article compares the views of the Soviet philosopher E.V. Ilyenkov and representatives of the natural-science trend of Russian cosmism. The similarity of the above-mentioned positions is based on understanding of necessity of existence of brain in the universe and importance of human mind for transformation of nature. The difference of views is due to different approaches. Ilyenkov tried to philosophically comprehend the attributiveness of consciousness to nature. He represented a circular scheme of dying and revival of being with a turning point in the form of consciousness. The cosmists studied the thinking brain from the point of view of natural sciences. It was important for them to show the possibility of constant progress of life and mind. The essential point for both sides was the appeal to the moral aspects of human activity.

Invariance Principles as Regulative Ideals: From Wigner to Hilbert

2008 ◽  
Vol 63 ◽  
pp. 63-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Ryckman
Keyword(s):  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Laws Of Nature ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Molecular Physics ◽  
Invariance Principles ◽  
Symmetry Principles ◽  
The World ◽  
Birthday Celebration ◽  
Canonical Texts

Eugene Wigner's several general discussions of symmetry and invariance principles are among the canonical texts of contemporary philosophy of physics. Wigner spoke from a position of authority, having pioneered (and won the Nobel prize in 1963) for recognition of the importance of symmetry principles from nuclear to molecular physics. But perhaps recent commentators have not sufficiently stressed that Wigner always took care to situate the notion of invariance principles with respect to two others, initial conditions (or events) and laws of nature. Wigner's first such general consideration of invariance principles, an address presented at Einstein's 70th birthday celebration, held in Princeton on 19 March 1949, began by laying out just this distinction, and in a way that seems to suggest that the three notions arise through abstraction in an analysis of the general problem of cognition in the natural sciences: The world is very complicated and it is clearly impossible for the human mind to understand it completely. Man has therefore devised an artifice which permits the complicated nature of the world to be blamed on something which is called accidental and thus permits him to abstract a domain in which simple laws can be found. The complications are called initial conditions; the domain of regularities, laws of nature. (…) the underlying abstraction is probably one of the most fruitful the human mind has made. It has made the natural sciences possible.

Ras al Khaimah: further archaeological discoveries

Antiquity ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 50 (200) ◽  
pp. 216-222
Author(s):  
Beatrice De Cardi
Keyword(s):  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
The State ◽  
Focused Attention ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City

Ras a1 Khaimah is the most northerly of the seven states comprising the United Arab Emirates and its Ruler, H. H. Sheikh Saqr bin Mohammad al-Qasimi, is keenly interested in the history of the state and its people. Survey carried out there jointly with Dr D. B. Doe in 1968 had focused attention on the site of JuIfar which lies just north of the present town of Ras a1 Khaimah (de Cardi, 1971, 230-2). Julfar was in existence in Abbasid times and its importance as an entrep6t during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries-the Portuguese Period-is reflected by the quantity and variety of imported wares to be found among the ruins of the city. Most of the sites discovered during the survey dated from that period but a group of cairns near Ghalilah and some long gabled graves in the Shimal area to the north-east of the date-groves behind Ras a1 Khaimah (map, FIG. I) clearly represented a more distant past.

A Quick Visual Mind Can be a Slow Auditory Mind

2009 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sander Martens ◽  
Addie Johnson ◽  
Martje Bolle ◽  
Jelmer Borst
Keyword(s):  
Attentional Blink ◽  
Task Difficulty ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Visual Modality ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
Conscious Level ◽  
Visual Targets ◽  
Concurrent Information

The human mind is severely limited in processing concurrent information at a conscious level of awareness. These temporal restrictions are clearly reflected in the attentional blink (AB), a deficit in reporting the second of two targets when it occurs 200–500 ms after the first. However, we recently reported that some individuals do not show a visual AB, and presented psychophysiological evidence that target processing differs between “blinkers” and “nonblinkers”. Here, we present evidence that visual nonblinkers do show an auditory AB, which suggests that a major source of attentional restriction as reflected in the AB is likely to be modality-specific. In Experiment 3, we show that when the difficulty in identifying visual targets is increased, nonblinkers continue to show little or no visual AB, suggesting that the presence of an AB in the auditory but not in the visual modality is not due to a difference in task difficulty.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document