Chapter 37. Antibiotic Drugs

The existence of Yoga dates back to more than ten thousand years around India and all nations. The Hindu Mythology considers the genesis of Yoga by incorporating Lord Shiva as Guru and Goddess Parvati as Shishya. Gradually with the development of civilization mankind assessed the benefits of this spiritual discipline and different leaders propagated the Yoga in different ways.In this era of 21st century Baba Ramdev propagated the yoga sutras with simple and effective techniques. The Pranayam and Suryanamaskar are the popular routines practiced by many followers of Baba Ramdev. Today Yoga is practiced as a way of Living to prevent Lifestyle diseases, combat stress and rejuvenate self. Yoga has gained immense popularity over the years with July 21st being celebrated as International Yoga Day. Corporate are also now introducing Yoga for employees as a means to relieve their stress and improve productivity. Long Hours of sitting, standing and excessive use of electronic gadgets puts pressure on bones, joints and responsible for Lifestyle diseases. Yoga is now increasingly used as a wellness solution replacing high cost antibiotic drugs. Employee well-being leads to Cost Savings in terms of personnel by reduced payment of Insurance and Medical Bills. The paper studies the Impact of Yoga to Financial benefits in MSME Organizations in Odisha in light of three different perspectives of Internal Control, Inventory management and Cash Flow. The primary data was collected from a sample of 155 high profile finance executives working in the MSME sector. Ranking Table and Regression Analysis Methodology was used to derive meaningful conclusions. The research takes initiative to transform the effectiveness of Yoga into improved financial health for the Organization. The observation from the study interprets a positive impact of Yoga on good financial health of Organization.

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Testing as Prevention of Resistance in Bacteria Causing Sexually Transmitted Infections—A Population-Based Model for Germany

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics10080929 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 929

Author(s):

Andreas Hahn ◽

Hagen Frickmann ◽

Ulrike Loderstädt

Keyword(s):

Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽

False Negative ◽

Population Based ◽

Sexually Transmitted ◽

Test Characteristics ◽

Antibiotic Drugs ◽

False Positive Signal ◽

Antibiotic Drug ◽

Potential Applicability ◽

Sex With Men

Prescribed antibiotic treatments which do not match the therapeutic requirements of potentially co-existing undetected sexually transmitted infections (STIs) can facilitate the selection of antibiotic-drug-resistant clones. To reduce this risk, this modelling assessed the potential applicability of reliable rapid molecular test assays targeting bacterial STI prior to the prescription of antibiotic drugs. The modelling was based on the prevalence of three bacterial STIs in German heterosexual and men-having-sex-with-men (MSM) populations, as well as on reported test characteristics of respective assays. In the case of the application of rapid molecular STI assays for screening, the numbers needed to test in order to correctly identify any of the included bacterial STIs ranged from 103 to 104 for the heterosexual population and from 5 to 14 for the MSM population. The number needed to harm—defined as getting a false negative result for any of the STIs and a false positive signal for another one, potentially leading to an even more inappropriate adaptation of antibiotic therapy than without any STI screening—was at least 208,995 for the heterosexuals and 16,977 for the MSM. Therefore, the screening approach may indeed be suitable to avoid unnecessary selective pressure on bacterial causes of sexually transmitted infections.

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Therapeutic Hydrogel Lenses and the Antibacterial and Antibiotic Drugs Release

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11041931 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 1931

Author(s):

Alessandra Pulliero ◽

Aldo Profumo ◽

Camillo Rosano ◽

Alberto Izzotti ◽

Sergio Claudio Saccà

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Salmonella Typhimurium ◽

Drug Availability ◽

Silicone Hydrogel ◽

Antibiotic Drugs ◽

Medical Approach ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Gradient Hplc

The aim of this research was to evaluate the effects of different lens types on the availability and efficacy of anti-inflammatory and antibiotic drugs. Three lens types were examined: (1) nonionic hydrogel lenses; (2) ionic hydrogel lenses; and (3) silicone hydrogel lenses. The lenses were incubated with (a) dexamethasone; (b) betamethasone; (c) bromophenacyl bromide; and (d) chloramphenicol. Drug availability was quantified by gradient HPLC, and chloramphenicol antibacterial activity was quantified by testing the inhibition of Salmonella typhimurium growth on agar. The lens allowing the most abundant passage of betamethasone was the ionic hydrogel lens, followed by the silicone hydrogel lens and nonionic hydrogel lens. The lens allowing the most abundant passage of dexamethasone was the ionic hydrogel lens, but only at 0.5 h and 1 h. Regarding chloramphenicol, the ionic hydrogel lens and silicone hydrogel lens allowed more abundant passage than the nonionic hydrogel lens. These results highlight the relevance of adapting lenses to anti-inflammatory therapy, thus allowing a personalized medical approach.

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Gut Feeling

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.1860 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 33 (S1) ◽

pp. S504-S505

Author(s):

C. Cotta ◽

G. Jesus ◽

V. Vila Nova ◽

C. Moreira

Keyword(s):

Mental Disorders ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Gut Microbiome ◽

Bacterial Infections ◽

Human Microbiome ◽

Dietary Interventions ◽

Scientific Databases ◽

Antibiotic Drugs ◽

Microbiome Research ◽

Competing Interest

IntroductionThere is growing evidence of the importance of nutrition in mental disorders. Gut microbiota, influenced by environmental factors such as diet and stress, has been proposed as one of the players on a dynamic called gut-brain axis, which is thought to have an influence on behaviour and mental health.Objectives and aimsTo summarize recent evidence on the topic, and its potential role in psychiatric interventions.MethodsThe authors review updated literature collected from online scientific databases.ResultsThe development of the brain itself has been shown to be influenced by the gut microbiome. Research demonstrates that the composition of the microbiota has influence on behaviour through neuroendocrine and other neuroactive messengers production by the bacteria within the gut lumen. Studies in germ-free animals, animals exposed to bacterial infections, probiotic suplements or antibiotic drugs suggest a role for the gut microbiota in the regulation of anxiety, mood, cognition and pain. The gut microbiome has been implicated in brain disorders including anxiety and depression, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and autism.ConclusionsThe treatment of mental disorders is usually based on pharmacological and psychotherapeutic interventions, and little attention is given to dietary interventions. The emerging field of research focused on the human microbiome suggests an important role for the gut microbiota in influencing brain development, behaviour and mood in humans, and points new strategies for developing novel therapeutics for mental disorders.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Antibiotic Drugs

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring ◽

10.1097/ftd.0000000000000934 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽

Author(s):

Maria Shipkova ◽

Hedi Jamoussi

Keyword(s):

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring ◽

Drug Monitoring ◽

Therapeutic Drug ◽

Antibiotic Drugs

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Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association ◽

10.7547/0003-0538-105.2.125 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 105 (2) ◽

pp. 125-129 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Heather Young ◽

Bryan Knepper ◽

Whitney Hernandez ◽

Asaf Shor ◽

Merribeth Bruntz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽

Operative Procedure ◽

Empiric Therapy ◽

Median Number ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Antibiotic Drugs ◽

Tobacco Abuse

Background Pseudomonas aeruginosa has traditionally been considered a common pathogen in diabetic foot infection (DFI), yet the 2012 Infectious Diseases Society of America guideline for DFI states that “empiric therapy directed at P aeruginosa is usually unnecessary.” The objective of this study was to evaluate the frequency of P aeruginosa isolated from bone or tissue cultures from patients with DFI. Methods This study is a cross-sectional survey of diabetic patients presenting with a foot infection to an urban county hospital between July 1, 2012, and December 31, 2013. All of the patients had at least one debridement procedure during which tissue or bone cultures from operative or bedside debridements were obtained. The χ2 test and the t test of means were used to determine relationships between variables and the frequency of P aeruginosa in culture. Results The median number of bacteria isolated from DFI was two. Streptococcus spp and Staphylococcus aureus were the most commonly isolated organisms; P aeruginosa was isolated in only five of 112 patients (4.5%). The presence of P aeruginosa was not associated with the patient's age, glycosylated hemoglobin level, tobacco abuse, the presence of osteomyelitis, a prescription for antibiotic drugs in the preceding 3 months, or the type of operative procedure. Conclusions Pseudomonas aeruginosa was an infrequent isolate from DFI in this urban, underserved diabetic population. The presence of P aeruginosa was not associated with any measured risk factors. By introducing a clinical practice guideline, we hope to discourage frontline providers from using routine antipseudomonal antibiotic drugs for DFI.

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