scholarly journals The role of Gram-positive and drug-resistant bacteria in bacterial infections in cirrhosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Alexandra Alexopoulou ◽  
Iliana Mani ◽  
Larisa Vasilieva
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria

Re-challenging antibiotic resistance with Daniel Berman

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Berman
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Healthcare Setting ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Global Threat ◽  
The Right ◽  
Point Of Care Tests

How can we prevent the rise of resistance to antibiotics? In this video, Daniel Berman,  Nesta Challenges, discusses the global threat of AMR and how prizes like the Longitude Prize can foster the development of rapid diagnostic tests for bacterial infections, helping to contribute towards reducing the global threat of drug resistant bacteria. Daniel outlines how accelerating the development of rapid point-of-care tests will ensure that bacterial infections are treated with the most appropriate antibiotic, at the right time and in the right healthcare setting.

Recent advances: peptides and self-assembled peptide-nanosystems for antimicrobial therapy and diagnosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (18) ◽  
pp. 4975-4996
Author(s):  
Pengfei Zou ◽  
Wen-Ting Chen ◽  
Tongyi Sun ◽  
Yuanyuan Gao ◽  
Li-Li Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Antimicrobial Therapy ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
The Body ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Self Assembling ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Therapy And Diagnosis

Bacterial infections, especially the refractory treatment of drug-resistant bacteria, are one of the greatest threats to human health. Self-assembling peptide-based strategies can specifically detect the bacteria at the site of infection in the body and kill it.

scholarly journals A Simple Assay to Screen Antimicrobial Compounds Potentiating the Activity of Current Antibiotics

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junaid Iqbal ◽  
Ruqaiyyah Siddiqui ◽  
Shahana Urooj Kazmi ◽  
Naveed Ahmed Khan
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Juglans Regia ◽  
Tree Bark ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Antimicrobial Compounds ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistant

Antibiotic resistance continues to pose a significant problem in the management of bacterial infections, despite advances in antimicrobial chemotherapy and supportive care. Here, we suggest a simple, inexpensive, and easy-to-perform assay to screen antimicrobial compounds from natural products or synthetic chemical libraries for their potential to work in tandem with the available antibiotics against multiple drug-resistant bacteria. The aqueous extract ofJuglans regiatree bark was tested against representative multiple drug-resistant bacteria in the aforementioned assay to determine whether it potentiates the activity of selected antibiotics. The aqueous extract ofJ. regiabark was added to Mueller-Hinton agar, followed by a lawn of multiple drug-resistant bacteria,Salmonella typhior enteropathogenicE. coli. Next, filter paper discs impregnated with different classes of antibiotics were placed on the agar surface. Bacteria incubated with extract or antibiotics alone were used as controls. The results showed a significant increase (>30%) in the zone of inhibition around the aztreonam, cefuroxime, and ampicillin discs compared with bacteria incubated with the antibiotics/extract alone. In conclusion, our assay is able to detect either synergistic or additive action ofJ. regiaextract against multiple drug-resistant bacteria when tested with a range of antibiotics.

Tea: An anti-bacterial agent against drug resistant bacteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 2506-2511
Author(s):  
Nayyab Sultan ◽  
Sabahat Javaid Butt ◽  
Wajeeha Mehak ◽  
Samreen Qureshi ◽  
Syed Hamza Abbas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Bacterial Agent ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Scientific World

Antibiotics have played a crucial role in the treatment of bacterial infections. Past few decades are marked with advancement of multidrug resistant (MDR) pathogens, which have endangered antibiotic’s therapeutic efficacy. Scientific world is now struggling with the crisis of MDR pathogens. This supreme matter demands careful attention or otherwise it would jeopardize clinical management of infectious diseases. Implication of alternative approaches can pave a new way in the treatment of these troublesome bacteria. Tea leaves are known to pose antibacterial activity against many pathogenic microorganisms. This review has summarized the antibacterial potential of tea leave’s extracts against resistant bacterial pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Helicobacter pylori, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Salmonella typhi, Acenitobacter spp, Campylobacter spp. Consumption of natural products such as tea may very well replace, minimize or obliterate this complicated situation. Keywords: Anti-bacterial, Tea, Camellia sinensis, Drug resistant bacteria, Antibiotic resistant bacteria, Synergism, Polyphenols.

scholarly journals Novel Antibiotics Targeting Respiratory ATP Synthesis in Gram-Positive Pathogenic Bacteria

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (8) ◽  
pp. 4131-4139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy Balemans ◽  
Luc Vranckx ◽  
Nacer Lounis ◽  
Ovidiu Pop ◽  
Jérôme Guillemont ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atp Synthase ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Atp Synthesis ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Time Kill ◽  
Antibacterial Spectrum

ABSTRACTEmergence of drug-resistant bacteria represents a high, unmet medical need, and discovery of new antibacterials acting on new bacterial targets is strongly needed. ATP synthase has been validated as an antibacterial target inMycobacterium tuberculosis, where its activity can be specifically blocked by the diarylquinoline TMC207. However, potency of TMC207 is restricted to mycobacteria with little or no effect on the growth of other Gram-positive or Gram-negative bacteria. Here, we identify diarylquinolines with activity against key Gram-positive pathogens, significantly extending the antibacterial spectrum of the diarylquinoline class of drugs. These compounds inhibited growth ofStaphylococcus aureusin planktonic state as well as in metabolically resting bacteria grown in a biofilm culture. Furthermore, time-kill experiments showed that the selected hits are rapidly bactericidal. Drug-resistant mutations were mapped to the ATP synthase enzyme, and biochemical analysis as well as drug-target interaction studies reveal ATP synthase as a target for these compounds. Moreover, knockdown of the ATP synthase expression strongly suppressed growth ofS. aureus, revealing a crucial role of this target in bacterial growth and metabolism. Our data represent a proof of principle for using the diarylquinoline class of antibacterials in key Gram-positive pathogens. Our results suggest that broadening the antibacterial spectrum for this chemical class is possible without drifting off from the target. Development of the diarylquinolines class may represent a promising strategy for combating Gram-positive pathogens.

scholarly journals Role of Porins in the Susceptibility of Mycobacterium smegmatis and Mycobacterium chelonae to Aldehyde-Based Disinfectants and Drugs

2009 ◽  
Vol 53 (9) ◽  
pp. 4015-4018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuzana Svetlíková ◽  
Henrieta Škovierová ◽  
Michael Niederweis ◽  
Jean-Louis Gaillard ◽  
Gerald McDonnell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Smegmatis ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Mycobacterium Chelonae ◽  
Rapidly Growing Mycobacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria

ABSTRACT Nosocomial outbreaks attributable to glutaraldehyde-resistant, rapidly growing mycobacteria are increasing. Here, evidence is provided that defects in porin expression dramatically increase the resistance of Mycobacterium smegmatis and Mycobacterium chelonae to glutaraldehyde and another aldehyde disinfectant, ortho-phthalaldehyde. Since defects in porin activity also dramatically increased the resistance of M. chelonae to drugs, there is thus some concern that the widespread use of glutaraldehyde and ortho-phthalaldehyde in clinical settings may select for drug-resistant bacteria.

scholarly journals Mass Balance Study of the Engineered Cationic Antimicrobial Peptide, WLBU2, Following a Single Intravenous Dose of 14C-WLBU2 in Mice.

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan H. Beumera ◽  
Jianxia Guo ◽  
Evan C. Ray ◽  
Jonas Scemama ◽  
Robert A. Parise ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Mass Balance ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Balance Study ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Mouse Tissues ◽  
Mass Balance Study

Background: To address multidrug resistance we developed engineered cationic antimicrobial peptides (eCAPs). Lead eCAP WLBU2 displays potent activity against drug-resistant bacteria and effectively treats lethal bacterial infections in mice reducing bacterial loads to undetectable levels in diverse organs. Background: To address multidrug resistance we developed engineered cationic antimicrobial peptides (eCAPs). Lead eCAP WLBU2 displays potent activity against drug-resistant bacteria and effectively treats lethal bacterial infections in mice reducing bacterial loads to undetectable levels in diverse organs. Objective: To support development of WLBU2, we conducted a mass balance study. Methods: CD1 mice were administered 10, 15, 20 and 30 mg/kg QDx5 WLBU2 or a single dose of [14C]-WLBU2 at 15 mg/kg IV. Tolerability, tissue distribution and excretion were evaluated with liquid scintillation and HPLCradiochromatography. Results: The maximum tolerated dose of WLBU2 is 20 mg/kg IV. We could account for greater than >96% of the radioactivity distributed within mouse tissues at 5 and 15 min. By 24 h, only ~40-50% of radioactivity remained in the mice. The greatest % of the dose was present in liver, accounting for ~35% of radioactivity at 5 and 15 min, and ~ 8% of radioactivity remained at 24 h. High radioactivity was also present in kidneys, plasma, red blood cells and lungs, while less than 0.2% of radioactivity was present in brain, fat, or skeletal muscle. Urinary and fecal excretion accounted for 12.5 and 2.2% of radioactivity at 24 h. Conclusion: WLBU2 distributes widely to mouse tissues and is rapidly cleared with a terminal radioactivity half-life of 22 h, a clearance of 27.4 mL/h/kg, and a distribution volume of 0.94 L/kg. At 2-100 µg-eq/g, the concentrations of 14CWLBU2 appear high enough in the tissues to account for inhibition of microbial growth.

scholarly journals New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase-1: A weapon for the newly emerging drug-resistant bacteria

2017 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Sanghamitra Padhi
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Medical Literature ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Micro Organisms

<p class="ABS">The world has seen the emergence of many micro-organisms in the recent past which can curb the human population with their newly built genetic make-up. The latest addition to this list of panic creating organisms is, bacteria encoding the gene for New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase (NDM)-1. NDM-1 is an enzyme that can hydrolyse and inactivate carbapenems, which are used as a last resort for the treatment of multiresistant bacterial infections. Name of these bacteria were not found in the medical literature before December 2009, because of which it can take the credit of becoming a powerful emerging bacteria which are difficult to treat. Besides <span class="Italic">Escherichia</span><span class="CharOverride-2"> </span><span class="Italic">coli</span> and <span class="BoldItalic CharOverride-2">Klebsiella pneumoniae</span>, other bacterial strains have also expressed the gene for NDM-1, which are detected in many countries.</p><div> </div>

scholarly journals Efficacy of OH-CATH30 and Its Analogs against Drug-Resistant BacteriaIn Vitroand in Mouse Models

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 3309-3317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng-An Li ◽  
Wen-Hui Lee ◽  
Yun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Models ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria

ABSTRACTAntimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been considered alternatives to conventional antibiotics for drug-resistant bacterial infections. However, their comparatively high toxicity toward eukaryotic cells and poor efficacyin vivohamper their clinical application. OH-CATH30, a novel cathelicidin peptide deduced from the king cobra, possesses potent antibacterial activityin vitro. The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of OH-CATH30 and its analog OH-CM6 against drug-resistant bacteriain vitroandin vivo. The MICs of OH-CATH30 and OH-CM6 ranged from 1.56 to 12.5 μg/ml against drug-resistant clinical isolates of several pathogenic species, includingEscherichia coli,Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus. The MICs of OH-CATH30 and OH-CM6 were slightly altered in the presence of 25% human serum. OH-CATH30 and OH-CM6 killedE. coliquickly (within 60 min) by disrupting the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane. Importantly, the 50% lethal doses (LD50) of OH-CATH30 and OH-CM6 in mice following intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection were 120 mg/kg of body weight and 100 mg/kg, respectively, and no death was observed at any dose up to 160 mg/kg following subcutaneous (s.c.) injection. Moreover, 10 mg/kg OH-CATH30 or OH-CM6 significantly decreased the bacterial counts as well as the inflammatory response in a mouse thigh infection model and rescued infected mice in a bacteremia model induced by drug-resistantE. coli. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that the natural cathelicidin peptide OH-CATH30 and its analogs exhibit relatively low toxicity and potent efficacy in mouse models, indicating that they may have therapeutic potential against the systemic infections caused by drug-resistant bacteria.

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