scholarly journals La justificación de la libertad del hombre frente a la omnipotencia divina en la ética de Guillermo de Ockham

2004 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 149
Author(s):  
Olga L. LARRE
Keyword(s):  
Free Will ◽  
Active Power ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Divine Omnipotence ◽  
Physical Universe ◽  
Specific Direction ◽  
Methodological Principles ◽  
Human Intellect

The freedom issue has not been systematically considered by Ockham; that is why the author approaches it from the point of view of the methodological principles examined by the Venerabilis Inceptor in order to reach its development. First, the basis for the new gnoseo-ontological justification of the reality proposed by the Ockham's followers is established. That makes it possible to set the limits in which the issue is framed according to a model strongly inspired in the principle of divine omnipotence. Ockham's approach uses the Aristotelian language and doctrine of free will, but from a completely different point of view; since the Aristotelian free will results from a first recognition of a number of possibilities from which the agent opt; then freedom is an intellectual capability. Ockham sets aside this key element of Aristotelianism by changing the approach of study; he supports that will is an active power and its key option -acting or not acting- does not depend on the human intellect but on itself as a causa sui. Metaphysic and Anthropology, which support this belief, have been materially changed as compared to the main trends of the XIII Century: nature lacks a specific direction; it is not determined by truth and good. Only the free and conscious agent acts towards and end established by himself while the physical universe is predictable and perfectly determined. Freedom is shown as a new reality against natural determination, thus shaping the first medieval version for the modern dilemma of freedom versus determinism.

scholarly journals Evil and Free Will: Contemporary Free-Will Defense and Classical Theism

2020 ◽  
Vol IV (4) ◽  
pp. 15-34
Author(s):  
Igor Gasparov
Keyword(s):  
Free Will ◽  
Free Choice ◽  
Classical Theism ◽  
Divine Omnipotence ◽  
Voluntary Consent ◽  
Virtuous Character ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Free Will Defense

The article considers contemporary free will defences, proposed by A. Plantinga, R. Swinburne, according to which the existence of a world in which there is free will is something more valuable than the existence of a world in which there is no free will. It is shown that contemporary forms of free will defences share with atheistic arguments from evil an anthropomorphic model of God, in which God is thought as an individual among other individuals, although endowed with attributes such as omniscience and omnipotence to an excellent degree. It has also been shown that another important point of similarity between contemporary free will defences and atheistic arguments from evil is that both attempt to assess what our world would be like if created by such an individual. In contrast to atheistic arguments from evil, contemporary free will defences argue that divine omnipotence and omniscience are subject to some greater restrictions, as usually assumed, especially due to God's desire to give some of his creations the ability of free choice, which logically implies the possibility and even necessity of the existence of evil. It is demonstrated that classical theism does not share the anthropomorphic model of deity typical for many contemporary philosophers of religion. Classical theism rejects both the anthropomorphic model of deity and the unaccountability of free will to God as the supreme good. On the contrary, it assumes that free decision was initially an opportunity for the voluntary consent of man which had an innate aspiration towards God as his supreme good. Nevertheless, due to the creation of man out of nothing, this consent could not be automatic but implied forming a virtuous character, and man's transition from a state in which he was able not to sin, to a state in which he would be not able to sin.

scholarly journals Synergistic Approach To The Educational Process And Its Peculiarities

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (04) ◽  
pp. 99-103
Author(s):  
Makhbuba Khotambekovna Ergasheva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Moral Education ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Philosophical Analysis ◽  
Effective Solution ◽  
Synergistic Approach ◽  
Methodological Principles

The article analyzes the need to use new methodological principles in the reform of education, as a result of which an effective solution can be found. It is based on the importance of using synergetic methodology along with other philosophical methodologies in the philosophical analysis of the educational process. It was noted that it is necessary to carefully study the national roots of spiritual and moral education, analyze it from the point of view of the idea of independence education, ideology, and conduct large-scale research in this area.

FOLKLORISTS OUT OF THEIR ELEMENT: THE FORUM

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-48
Author(s):  
Serafima E. Nikitina ◽  
◽  
Nikita V. Petrov ◽  
Irina A. Razumova ◽  
Andrey L. Toporkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Tradition ◽  
Oral Communication ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Academic Disciplines ◽  
Research Experience ◽  
Extensive Experience ◽  
Folklore Studies ◽  
Methodological Principles

From the semiotic point of view, folklore tradition is transmitting culturally and socially significant messages via oral communication channels. Strong interrelation to dynamic interaction of people in vernacular contexts (as opposed to rigid institutional channels and static social structures) is one of folklore’s primary characteristics. With this perception of folklore tradition, folklore studies become a disciplinary area that accumulates unique research experience both on comprehension of transmitted messages and on methodological principles of working with texts and mechanisms of their transmission. This allows us to suggest that in research practice in neighboring fields two variants of transference of folklore studies’ theoretical resources may prove productive: according to presence of folklore elements in the studied material and according to general principles of working with texts (in the broad semiotic sense of the word). The participants of the forum, all of them researchers with extensive experience in field work as well as in theoretical comprehension of oral tradition – were offered various problems for discussion. These problems included, but were not limited to, the boundaries of folklore studies’ object field, employing folklore studies’ methodological tools for analysis of other disciplinary fields’ objects, interaction of folklore studies with other academic disciplines, etc.

scholarly journals DIALOGIC PHENOMENOLOGY OF PAIN EXPERIENCE SAULIUS GENIUSAS THE PHENOMENOLOGY OF PAIN. Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Press, 2020 ISBN 978-0-8214-2403-2

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 328-341
Author(s):  
VITALIY LEKHTSIER ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Sciences ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Ohio University ◽  
Pain Experience ◽  
The Social ◽  
Eidetic Variation ◽  
Franz Brentano ◽  
Dialogical Phenomenology ◽  
Methodological Principles ◽  
The One

The review focuses on Saulius Geniusas’ book, The Phenomenology of Pain. In this study, Geniusas develops his own systematic phenomenology of the experience of pain, based primarily on the conceptual resources of Edmund Husserl’s phenomenology. In doing so, the philosopher formulates and successfully implements original methodological principles of “dialogical phenomenology.” Such a phenomenology consists of, on the one hand, strict phenomenological analysis of pain based on the methods of epoché, phenomenological reduction and eidetic variation, and on the other hand, of actual and partly polemical inclusion of phenomenological point of view in the ongoing discussion of pain in the social and biological sciences. The author manages to do this by supplementing his eidetic analysis of the essence of pain experience with the method of “factual variations” and by appealing to the analytical optics of Husserl’s late genetic phenomenology. This way the book reflects—on strictly phenomenological grounds—numerous findings from the sociology and biology of pain. The book relies on the tradition of phenomenological research, offers a conceptual reconstruction of the key dispute about pain that took place in this tradition (between Franz Brentano and Carl Stump) and, in its turn, grounds the positive sciences of pain in the direct evidence of experience itself.

scholarly journals Nahmanides’ Astrological and Religious Thinking and the Views of the Contemporaneous Catalan Christian Sages

Perichoresis ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 81-95
Author(s):  
Esperança Valls-Pujol
Keyword(s):  
Free Will ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Direct Influence ◽  
Medieval Medicine ◽  
Divine Omnipotence ◽  
Religious Thinking ◽  
Ramon Llull

AbstractThis paper examines the astrological and religious thinking of Moshe ben Nahman (also known as Ramban or Nahmanides) and the intellectual connections in this field with two of the most outstanding Christian thinkers of his time, Ramon Llull and Arnau de Vilanova. Nahmanides, like many medieval scholars, admitted an astral influence, but he did not accept astrology as a divinatory science. He incorporated astrological doctrines in his exegetical works, assuming that Israel is not determined by any star because it only responds to God. Yet the study of medieval medicine and its application cannot be separated from astrology practice because it was considered that the stars had a direct influence not only on the development of the human body, from birth to death, but also in the disease processes which affect it. Ramban and his disciple Solomon ben Adret accepted and practiced astrological medicine. Llull and de Vilanova also devoted themselves to this discipline. All of them agree on the influence of the stars on humankind but condemned astral magic. Like Ramban, Llull rejects other astrological methods considered non-scientific in his time, such as prediction through horoscope. Thus, these thinkers tried to develop an astrology that was not in contradiction with divine omnipotence or free will.

scholarly journals The Role of Emotional Intelligence in Self-Actualization of Personality

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Self ◽  
Humanistic Psychology ◽  
Emotional Life ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Self Actualization ◽  
Methodological Principles ◽  
Crisis Conditions

The article is aimed to reveal the analysis of the emotional intelligence role in adult age personality self-actualization process. The relevance of emotional intelligence and self-actualization connection study in the context of modern scientific discourses and crisis conditions of society is described. The article summarizes the results of theoretical analysis of the problem of self-actualization. The most significant features of the self-actualization process from the point of view of humanistic psychology are presented. Also, methodological principles and basic aspects of self-actualization understanding in domestic psychology are described according to the methodological principles of the activity approach. The essential features of emotional intelligence of the personality, its structure are determined. It is substantiated that emotional intelligence is connected with the process of individual’s self-actualization through realization of the personality in the fullness of his own emotional life, ability to experience peak emotions, emotional sphere content control, etc. The methodological bases of the study, the specifics of the sample and the compared diagnostic groups are described. The empirical data of the person’s self-actualization study, its most significant parameters, expressiveness of different aspects of emotional intelligence are analyzed. The obtained empirical data are interpreted in accordance with classical and modern scientific views on the nature of the self-actualization processes and emotional intelligence. The emotional intelligence indicators expressiveness in intra- and interpersonal plane was interpreted in two groups – respondents who receive a second higher education in the specialty "Psychology" and those who aim to self-actualize. The predominance of interpersonal emotional intelligence and its components – understanding other people's emotions and managing other people's emotions – in the sample, which aim at their own self-actualization, is statistically substantiated and substantively analyzed. Also, the tendency towards identification of one's own emotional sphere content, its expression and indicator of emotional intelligence in general was expressed for both groups of the studied. On the basis of empirical data generalization the tendency of self-actualization and emotional intelligence signs combination in of personality’s functioning is revealed.

scholarly journals Glosa do wyroku Sądu Najwyższego z dnia 5 grudnia 2018 r. (V KK 508/17, OSNK 2019, nr 2, poz. 10)

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 251
Author(s):  
Marek Mozgawa
Keyword(s):  
Free Will ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Penal Code ◽  
Place Of Residence ◽  
Secondary Importance ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
Actus Reus ◽  
Objective State ◽  
Natural Will ◽  
General Possibility

<p>In the case of illegal deprivation of liberty (Article 189 of the Penal Code) locomotive freedom (i.e. freedom to change the place of residence according to a person’s will) is the protected value. Both the actual and potential will of an individual in that respect is protected. The objective state of general possibility to execute the will’s activity is crucial for the being of the offence of illegal deprivation of liberty, while the victim’s awareness of that state is of secondary importance. Any person can be the object of the <em>actus reus</em> as long as he or she is capable of formulating a wish connected with the change of the place of residence and has the natural ability to leave the place he or she has been so far occupying, even if it is with the help of technical means (e.g. a wheelchair) or other persons. Whether the person who could activate the natural will to move, has actually such a will, is irrelevant (from the point of view of fulfilling the statutory features of the offence of deprivation of liberty). One should agree with the opinion presented by the Supreme Court in the commented verdict, according to which the statutory features of the offence from Article 189 of the Penal Code are not fulfilled by the deprivation of the liberty of movement of a person which is executed as a result of his or her own free will decision.</p>

scholarly journals The concept of free will

2021 ◽  
pp. 39-54
Author(s):  
Andrey Aleksandrovich Yurasov
Keyword(s):  
Free Will ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Value System ◽  
Traditional Concept ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Will ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Methodological Principles ◽  
Xix Century

The subject of this research is the concept of free will. The modern philosophical discussions either do not explicate it, or interpret far from the traditional meaning that has been instilled into this term throughout the centuries, The goal of this article lies in the historical-philosophical reconstruction of the concept of free will. However, the interest towards achieving this goal is not limited to the sphere of history of philosophy. Understanding of the key term largely determines the fruitfulness of theoretical constructions aimed at solution of the problem of free will. The article expounds and substantiates the methodological principles the reconstruction concept of free is based upon. It is demonstrated that free will features two characteristics that can be designated as conformity and independence. Therefore, free will can be defined as the will that corresponds to the value system of an individual and is independent of external factors. Such definition summarizes the practice of utilization of this term in history of philosophy. However, since the late XIX century, and namely in the XX century, there has developed a strong tendency towards distortion of the traditional concept of free will, which implies exclusion of the characteristic of independence and defining free will through the concept of moral responsibility.

The Possibility of Man's Freedom

Philosophy ◽  
1927 ◽  
Vol 2 (8) ◽  
pp. 516-531
Author(s):  
Michael Kaye
Keyword(s):  
Free Will ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Metaphysical Problem ◽  
Points Of View

We may consider the possibility of man's freedom from two points of view: (i) From the point of view of the metaphysical problem of “ free-will “; (2) from the point of view of the meaning and conditions of felt freedom. The first point of view is the more familiar, and I propose to discuss it here only by way of preparing for a consideration of the second.

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