scholarly journals Influence of mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis exometabolites on R-phycoerythrin concentration in red alga Gelidium spinosum when grown in polyculture

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 12-18
Author(s):  
B. N. Belyaev ◽  
N. M. Beregovaya
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Mytilus Galloprovincialis ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Coastal Protection ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Laboratory Installation ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Tetraselmis Viridis

To increase R-phycoerythrin concentration in red Black Sea alga Gelidium spinosum (S. G. Gmelin) P. C. Silva, 1996 (Rhodophyta), it was cultivated in laboratory conditions in polyculture microalga Tetraselmis viridis – mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis – Gelidium; the results of the study are presented. The positive effect of mussel exometabolites on R-phycoerythrin concentration in Gelidium in polyculture is described. The relevance of the work is determined by the value of R-phycoerythrin, which is used as a powerful antioxidant, as well as a marker in cytometry and microscopy. The aim of the study is to increase R-phycoerythrin concentration in Gelidium using the polyculture method. As a material, Gelidium from the fouling of rocks and coastal protection structures of Karantinnaya Bay (Sevastopol) was used; it was cultivated in a laboratory installation with eight working volumes, four of which contained mussels. Mussel decontamination, supplemented with mineral salts and biogens, was used as a nutrient medium for Gelidium. The combination of mussel exometabolites with previously developed nutrient medium, based on Black Sea water and enriched with nutrients and mineral salts, results in an increase in R-phycoerythrin concentration by more than 2 times, while the addition of exometabolites to pure filtered seawater increases it maximum by 35 %. Approximate ratios of polyculture elements in 1.5-L volumes, allowing to achieve the desired results in 2 weeks, are as follows: 2 g of Gelidium / 50–60 g of two-year-old mussels / 0.4–0.6 g of microalga wet weight.

scholarly journals Selective sensitivity of the Black Sea microalgae to viral infection after exposure to a constant magnetic field

2021 ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
O.A. Stepanova ◽  
◽  
P.V. Gaisky ◽  
S.A. Sholar ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Phaeodactylum Tricornutum ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Viral Lysis ◽  
Laboratory Installation ◽  
Species Characteristics ◽  
Selective Sensitivity ◽  
Tetraselmis Viridis

The change in sensitivity to viral infection of cultures of three species of Black Sea microalgae (Tetraselmis viridis, Dunaliella viridis and Phaeodactylum tricornutum) after exposure to a constant unidirectional magnetic field with a magnetic induction of 600 G is experimentally studied. The studies were carried out with using a developed laboratory installation. With the duration of the experiments 24 h and 48 h, it was recorded that being in a magnetic field resulted in an increase in the resistance to viral lysis in microalgae T. viridis, its decrease in P. tricornutum and no changes in D. viridis. We assume that the revealed changes in the sensitivity of microalgae to viral infection after exposure to a magnetic field are due to their species characteristics and selectivity.

scholarly journals Investigation about the presence of organochlorine pollutants in mussels from the Black Sea, Bulgaria

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanislava Georgieva ◽  
Mona Stancheva ◽  
Lubomir Makedonski
Keyword(s):  
Polychlorinated Biphenyls ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Mytilus Galloprovincialis ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Detection ◽  
Black Sea Coast ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Local Levels ◽  
Sea Coast

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides (HCB, DDT and its metabolites) and HCBD in mussels from Bulgarian Black Sea coast. Mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) are aquatic organisms which are immobile so that the concentration of pollutants should primarily be considered as an indication of local levels of organochlorine compounds. Samples were collected from three areas of Black Sea coast of Bulgaria in summer 2015. The fifteen congeners of PCBs, HCB, HCBD, DDT and its metabolites DDE and DDD were performed by gas chromatography system with mass spectrometry detection. The metabolites DDE and DDD were found in all analyzed mussel samples, but PCBs were not detected in any sample. DDE concentrations were found in mussels from 1.09 to 1.63 ng/g wet weight. In mussel total DDT concentrations (2.14 ng/g ww) were found comparable to those in mussels, sampled in 2013 and 2014 (1.87 ng/g ww). The levels of DDTs and polychlorinated biphenyls in mussels from the Black Sea were found comparable to levels measured in the same molluscs from neighbor seas - Mediterranean Sea and Adriatic Sea.

Effect Of Diesel Fuel Pollution On The Lipid Composition Of Some Wide-Spread Black Sea Algae And Invertebrates

2002 ◽  
Vol 57 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan T. Nechev ◽  
Svetlana V. Khotimchenko ◽  
Albena P. Ivanova ◽  
Kamen L. Stefanov ◽  
Stefka D. Dimitrova-Konaklieva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Green Algae ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Mytilus Galloprovincialis ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Wide Spread ◽  
Ulva Rigida

Two green algae (Ulva rigida and Cladophora coelothrix), the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis and the snail Rapana thomasiana from the Bulgarian Black Sea shore have been treated with diesel fuel (100 mg l-1) in an aquarium with sea-water for three days. The lipids and their fatty acid changes have been examined. Significant changes have been observed mainly in the polar lipids and in the saturation of the fatty acids. These changes appeared to be bigger in the evolutionary less advanced species from both groups of marine organisms D algae and invertebrates (Ulva rigida and Mytilus galloprovincialis respectively). The data obtained could be used for a biomonitoring of the pollution

scholarly journals New technology of Black Sea algae Gelidium spinosum (S. G. Gmelin) P. C. Silva (Rhodophyta) cultivation

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-11
Author(s):  
B. N. Belyaev ◽  
N. M. Beregovaya
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
New Technology ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Shore Protection ◽  
Coastal System ◽  
Food Dye ◽  
Laboratory Setup ◽  
Phosphorus Iron

The results of long-term studies of conditions of cultivation of red Black Sea algae Gelidium spinosum (S. G. Gmelin) P. C. Silva (Rhodophyta) in Silva P. C., Basson P. W. & Moe R. L. 1996: 141 in the systems of engineering type aimed at increasing R-phycoerythrin concentration are given. The systems were developed on the basis of studying the influence of temperature, light and regimes of the nutrient medium flow saturated with carbon dioxide on the biomass growth and were protected by several patents. Anti-fouling methods were also taken into consideration while developing the systems. The relevance of the work is determined by the value of G. spinosum, which is a natural pigment and food dye, a powerful antioxidant used in immune diagnosis, microscopy and cytometry, the cost of which is estimated at $3250–14000 per 1 gram. The aim of the work was to optimize Black Sea G. spinosum cultivation conditions in the coastal systems of engineering type for increasing the yield of the R-phycoerythrin per unit of the area of cultivators. As the material we used G. spinosum from fouling of the rocks and shore protection structures in the vicinity of Sevastopol, which was cultivated in the laboratory setup at the temperature in the range of 15–27 °C, light intensity 10–25 klx in the regime of 18 h day : 6 h night, variations of flow of the nutrient medium using the Black Sea water with addition of salt, salts of nitrogen, phosphorus, iron, magnesium and manganese. At the last stage of the work the yield was (96.2 ± 8.8) g·m−2·day−1 of G. spinosum wet weight. At the lowest harvest of 87.4 g·m−2, with a minimum of dry matter of 36 % and the content of phycoerythrin to 12 mg·g−1, the pigment yield of R-phycoerythrin will be 378.6 mg·m−2·day−1. In the future, the coastal system of the cultivators with the depth of 0.5 m and mirror surface area of 1 ha (when working only 300 days a year) will produce not less than 1100 kg of R-phycoerythrin.

HYDROGEN FROM HYDROGEN SULPHIDE IN BLACK SEA

2019 ◽  
pp. 49-55
Author(s):  
S. Z. Baykara ◽  
E. H. Figen ◽  
A. Kale ◽  
T. N. Veziroglu
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Hydrogen Sulphide ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Environmental Pollutant ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Fuel Processing ◽  
Acid Gas ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

Hydrogen sulphide, an acid gas, is generally considered an environmental pollutant. As an industrial byproduct, it is produced mostly during fuel processing. Hydrogen sulphide occurs naturally in many gas wells and also in gas hydrates and gas-saturated sediments especially at the bottom of the Black Sea where 90% of the sea water is anaerobic.The anoxic conditions exist in the deepest parts of the basin since nearly 7300 years, caused by the density stratification following the significant influx of the Mediterranean water through the Bosphorous nearly 9000 years ago. Here, H2S is believed to be produced by sulphur reducing bacteria at an approximate rate of 10 000 tons per day, and it poses a serious threat since it keeps reducing the life in the Black Sea. An oxygen–hydrogen sulphide interface is established at 150–200 m below the surface after which H2S concentration starts increasing regularly until 1000 m, and finally reaches a nearly constant value of 9.5 mg/l around 1500 m depth.Hydrogen sulphide potentially has economic value if both sulphur and hydrogen can be recovered. Several methods are studied for H2S decomposition, including thermal, thermochemical, electrochemical, photochemical and plasmochemical methods.In the present work, H2S potential in the Black Sea is investigated as a source of hydrogen, an evaluation of the developing prominent techniques for hydrogen production from H2S is made, and an engineering assessment is carried out regarding hydrogen production from H2S in the Black Sea using a process design based on the catalytic solar thermolysis approach. Possibility of a modular plant is considered for production at larger scale.

DISTRIBUTION OF DISSOLVED METHANE IN SURFACE COASTAL WATERS OF THE NORTHEASTERN PART OF THE BLACK SEA

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Kovaleva ◽  
Elena Kovaleva ◽  
Alexander Izhitskiy ◽  
Alexander Izhitskiy ◽  
Alexander Egorov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Natural Waters ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Methane Formation ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
Southeastern Part ◽  
Dissolved Methane ◽  
Continental Runoff

Studying of methane formation and distribution in natural waters is important for understanding of biogeochemical processes of carbon cycle, searching for oil and gas sections and evaluation of CH4 emissions for investigations of greenhouse effect. The Black Sea is the largest methane water body on our planet. However, relatively low values of methane concentration (closed to equilibrium with the atmospheric air) are typical of the upper aerobic layer. At the same time, the distribution pattern of CH4 in surface waters of coastal areas is complicated by the influence of coastal biological productivity, continental runoff, bottom sources, hydrodynamic processes and anthropogenic effect. The investigation is focused on the spatial variability of dissolved methane in the surface layer of the sea in coastal regions affected by the continental runoff and anthropogenic pressure. Unique in situ data on methane concentrations were collected along the ship track on 2 sections between Sochi and Gelendzhik (2013, 2014) and 2 sections between Gelendzhik and Feodosia (2015). Overall 170 samples were obtained. Gas-chromatographic analysis of the samples revealed increase of CH4 saturation in the southeastern part of the Crimean shelf and the Kerch Strait area. Such a pattern was apparently caused by the influence of the Azov Sea water spread westward along the Crimean shore from the strait. This work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, Project 14-50-00095 and the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, Project 16-35-00156 mol_a.

LUMINESCENCE OF THE BLACK SEA MICROSCOPIC FUNGI CULTURES

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Mashukova ◽  
Olga Mashukova ◽  
Yuriy Tokarev ◽  
Yuriy Tokarev ◽  
Nadejda Kopytina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Ethyl Alcohol ◽  
Light Emission ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Control Culture ◽  
Chemical Stimulation ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
The Given ◽  
First Time

We studied for the first time luminescence characteristics of the some micromycetes, isolated from the bottom sediments of the Black sea from the 27 m depth. Luminescence parameters were registered at laboratory complex “Svet” using mechanical and chemical stimulations. Fungi cultures of genera Acremonium, Aspergillus, Penicillium were isolated on ChDA medium which served as control. Culture of Penicillium commune gave no light emission with any kind of stimulation. Culture of Acremonium sp. has shown luminescence in the blue – green field of spectrum. Using chemical stimulation by fresh water we registered signals with luminescence energy (to 3.24 ± 0.11)•108 quantum•cm2 and duration up to 4.42 s, which 3 times exceeded analogous magnitudes in a group, stimulated by sea water (p < 0.05). Under chemical stimulation by ethyl alcohol fungi culture luminescence was not observed. Culture of Aspergillus fumigatus possessed the most expressed properties of luminescence. Stimulation by fresh water culture emission with energy of (3.35 ± 0.11)•108 quantum•cm2 and duration up to 4.96 s. Action of ethyl alcohol to culture also stimulated signals, but intensity of light emission was 3–4 times lower than under mechanical stimulation. For sure the given studies will permit not only to evaluate contribution of marine fungi into general bioluminescence of the sea, but as well to determine places of accumulation of opportunistic species in the sea.

SITE-SPECIFIC EQUATIONS OF STATE FOR COASTAL SEA AREAS AND INLAND WATER BODIES

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Andrulionis ◽  
Natalia Andrulionis ◽  
Ivan Zavialov ◽  
Ivan Zavialov ◽  
Elena Kovaleva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Equation Of State ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Equations Of State ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Ionic Composition ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Aral Sea ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Coastal Sea

This article presents a new method of laboratory density determination and construction equations of state for marine waters with various ionic compositions and salinities was developed. The validation of the method was performed using the Ocean Standard Seawater and the UNESCO thermodynamic equation of state (EOS-80). Density measurements of water samples from the Aral Sea, the Black Sea and the Issyk-Kul Lake were performed using a high-precision laboratory density meter. The obtained results were compared with the density values calculated for the considered water samples by the EOS-80 equation. It was shown that difference in ionic composition between Standard Seawater and the considered water bodies results in significant inaccuracies in determination of water density using the EOS-80 equation. Basing on the laboratory measurements of density under various salinity and temperature values we constructed a new equation of state for the Aral Sea and the Black Sea water samples and estimated errors for their coefficients.

DISTRIBUTION OF DISSOLVED METHANE IN SURFACE COASTAL WATERS OF THE NORTHEASTERN PART OF THE BLACK SEA

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Kovaleva ◽  
Elena Kovaleva ◽  
Alexander Izhitskiy ◽  
Alexander Izhitskiy ◽  
Alexander Egorov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Natural Waters ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Methane Formation ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
Southeastern Part ◽  
Dissolved Methane ◽  
Continental Runoff

Studying of methane formation and distribution in natural waters is important for understanding of biogeochemical processes of carbon cycle, searching for oil and gas sections and evaluation of CH4 emissions for investigations of greenhouse effect. The Black Sea is the largest methane water body on our planet. However, relatively low values of methane concentration (closed to equilibrium with the atmospheric air) are typical of the upper aerobic layer. At the same time, the distribution pattern of CH4 in surface waters of coastal areas is complicated by the influence of coastal biological productivity, continental runoff, bottom sources, hydrodynamic processes and anthropogenic effect. The investigation is focused on the spatial variability of dissolved methane in the surface layer of the sea in coastal regions affected by the continental runoff and anthropogenic pressure. Unique in situ data on methane concentrations were collected along the ship track on 2 sections between Sochi and Gelendzhik (2013, 2014) and 2 sections between Gelendzhik and Feodosia (2015). Overall 170 samples were obtained. Gas-chromatographic analysis of the samples revealed increase of CH4 saturation in the southeastern part of the Crimean shelf and the Kerch Strait area. Such a pattern was apparently caused by the influence of the Azov Sea water spread westward along the Crimean shore from the strait. This work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation, Project 14-50-00095 and the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, Project 16-35-00156 mol_a.

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