Effect Of Diesel Fuel Pollution On The Lipid Composition Of Some Wide-Spread Black Sea Algae And Invertebrates

2002 ◽  
Vol 57 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan T. Nechev ◽  
Svetlana V. Khotimchenko ◽  
Albena P. Ivanova ◽  
Kamen L. Stefanov ◽  
Stefka D. Dimitrova-Konaklieva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Green Algae ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Mytilus Galloprovincialis ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Wide Spread ◽  
Ulva Rigida

Two green algae (Ulva rigida and Cladophora coelothrix), the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis and the snail Rapana thomasiana from the Bulgarian Black Sea shore have been treated with diesel fuel (100 mg l-1) in an aquarium with sea-water for three days. The lipids and their fatty acid changes have been examined. Significant changes have been observed mainly in the polar lipids and in the saturation of the fatty acids. These changes appeared to be bigger in the evolutionary less advanced species from both groups of marine organisms D algae and invertebrates (Ulva rigida and Mytilus galloprovincialis respectively). The data obtained could be used for a biomonitoring of the pollution

Effect of Diesel Fuel Pollution on the Lipid Composition of Some Wide-Spread Black Sea Algae and Invertebrates

ENERGYO ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan T. Nechev ◽  
Svetlana V. Khotimchenko ◽  
Albena P. Ivanova ◽  
Kamen L. Stefanov ◽  
Stefka D. Dimitrova-Konaklieva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Wide Spread

Influence of Altered Fatty Acid Composition on Resistance of Listeria monocytogenes to Antimicrobials

1993 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 302-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. K. JUNEJA ◽  
P. M. DAVIDSON
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Food Preservation ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Antimicrobial Compounds

The sensitivity of Listeria monocytogenes Scott A and ATCC 19114 to antimicrobial compounds was altered when bacterial membrane lipid composition was modified by growth in the presence of added fatty acids. Analysis of cellular fatty acid composition by gas-liquid chromatography indicated that L. monocytogenes Scott A cells contained 0.97, 2.32, 0.81, and 0.72% (relative) of C14:0, C16:0, C18:0, and C18:l, respectively. In the presence of exogenously supplied C14:0, C16:0, C18:0, and C18:l, the percentages increased to 14.03, 30.92, 16.30, and 27.90%. Average MICs for L. monocytogenes Scott A and ATCC 19114 to sodium chloride, tertiary butylhydroquinone, methyl paraben, and propyl paraben were 10.0%, 81, 1406, and 544 μg/ml, respectively. Growing either strain in the presence of 50 μg/ml of either exogenously added C14:0 or C18:0 fatty acids increased their resistance to the four antimicrobial compounds. However, growth in the presence of C18:1 led to increased sensitivity to the antimicrobial agents. The results indicate that the susceptibility of L. monocytogenes to antimicrobial agents is related to the lipid composition of the cell membrane. Consequently, food preservation processes which alter fatty acid composition of L. monocytogenes could result in changes in antimicrobial susceptibility.

39 LIPID FINGERPRINTING OF INDIVIDUAL BOVINE BLASTOCYSTS BY DESORPTION IONIZATION ELECTROSPRAY MASS SPECTROMETRY

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 132 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Ferreira ◽  
L. S. Eberlin ◽  
J. E. Hallett ◽  
R. G. Cooks
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Mass Spectrometer ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Mass Spectra ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Desi Ms ◽  
Complex Lipids

Mass spectrometry (MS) allows the detection and structural characterisation of intact molecules such as fatty acids and complex lipids. Desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) is an ambient ionization technique used for MS analysis and profiling and imaging of drugs, metabolites and lipids directly from biological samples with no sample preparation. With the recent introduction of morphologically friendly DESI-MS solvent systems, it is also possible to acquire DESI-MS data non-destructively. Due to the extractive nature of these solvent combinations, enough ion intensity can be generated to chemically profile samples of microscopic dimensions. The objective of this work was to perform chemical profiling on intact bovine blastocysts by DESI-MS, focusing on lipid distributions. Blastocysts produced in vitro were washed 3 times in PBS + 0.1% polyvinyl alcohol to remove lipids present in the culture medium, were placed in PBS/methanol 50% and stored under –20°C for 1 week. For DESI-MS analysis, the embryos were simply placed in glass slides and allowed to dry at room temperature. Mass spectra were acquired in the negative ion mode at the mass/charge range from m/z 150 to 1000, using as solvents a combination of 1:1 (vol/vol) ethanol:dimethylformamide (DMF) or acetonitrile:DMF. The mass spectrometer used was a LTQ linear ion trap mass spectrometer controlled by Xcalibur 2.0 software (Thermo Fisher Scientific, San Jose, CA, USA). The lipid species detected included deprotonated free fatty acids such as palmitic acid (m/z 255.2), stearic acid (m/z 283.2), arachidonic acid (m/z 311.2) and docosanoic acid (m/z 339.3). Free fatty acid dimers appear in the region from m/z 500 to 650 and complex lipids represented mainly by glycerophospholipid classes appear in the region from m/z 700 to 1000 and include phosphatidylinositols (PI 38:1; m/z 788.7), phosphatidylserines (PS 36:1, m/z 885.7) and also the chlorinated phosphatidylcholines (PC 36:1; m/z 794.7). After recording the mass spectra, embryos could still be observed in the glass slide with evident dehydration due to the action of the organic solvent. Since lipid composition of bovine embryos is closely related to cryosensitivity and due to the limited amount of analytes (each embryo is estimated to have a mass of 15 pg of total lipids) lipid analysis usually involves the pooling of individuals to have a large enough amount of analytes. Traditionally, gas chromatography is used for fatty acid residue analysis in oocytes and embryos pooled are submitted to lipid extraction and derivatization. Mass spectrometry by DESI, however, allows direct analysis of intact and single embryos and the profiling of not only free fatty acids but also complex lipids, represented mainly by 3 glycerophospholipid classes (PC, PI and PS). We envisage that DESI-MS will likely become a routine tool for the analysis of lipid composition in mammalian embryos and will contribute significantly to the development of culture systems that produce embryos with higher cryoresistance. Support from the Purdue University Center for Cancer Research Small Grants Program is gratefully acknowledged.

scholarly journals SEX INVERSION IN CULTIVATED MUSSELS MYTILUS GALLOPROVINCIALIS LAM. (CRIMEA, BLACK SEA) UNDER INFLUENCE OF EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
Natalya Chelyadina ◽  
Natalya Pospelova ◽  
Mark Popov ◽  
Ludmila Smyrnova ◽  
Irina Kharchuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Hormonal Regulation ◽  
Anthropogenic Impact ◽  
Mytilus Galloprovincialis ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Sex Inversion ◽  
Anionic Detergents

In the last decade, there has been a shift in the sex ratio of the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis in the Black Sea towards increase of males. In modern literature, focus is mainly on mechanisms of sex inheritance in mussels and hormonal regulation of the reproduction, and there is no information on sex inversion in M. galloprovincialis under the influence of environmental factors. The goal of this work is to establish the fact of sex change in mussels cultivated near the coast of Crimea under the influence of some external environmental factors. We establish that mussels change sex from female to male, but some specimens become hermaphrodites, with their fraction reaching 13%. Under unfavorable environmental conditions, mussel females change sex, and their mortality rises up to 69%. In water areas subject to anthropogenic impact, the proportion of sex inversion in the mollusks may be as high as 58%. The influence of various adverse   environmental factors on sex inversion in mussel females is unequal, and its strength decreases in the following order: diesel fuel > hypoxia > anionic detergents > starvation.

scholarly journals Lipid composition of the isolated rat intestinal microvillus membrane

1968 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. G. Forstner ◽  
K. Tanaka ◽  
K. J. Isselbacher
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Neutral Lipid ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Plasma Membranes ◽  
Membrane Lipids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Polar Lipids ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Microvillus Membrane

1. Rat intestinal microvillus plasma membranes were prepared from previously isolated brush borders and the lipid composition was analysed. 2. The molar ratio of cholesterol to phospholipid was greatest in the membranes and closely resembled that reported for myelin. 3. Unesterified cholesterol was the major neutral lipid. However, 30% of the neutral lipid fraction was accounted for by glycerides and fatty acid. 4. Five phospholipid components were identified and measured, including phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine, sphingomyelin and lysophosphatidylcholine. Though phosphatidylethanolamine was the chief phospholipid, no plasmalogen was detected. 5. In contrast with other plasma membranes in the rat, the polar lipids of the microvillus membrane were rich in glycolipid. The cholesterol:polar lipid (phospholipid+glycolipid) ratio was about 1:3 for the microvillus membrane. Published data suggest that this ratio resembles that of the liver plasma membrane more closely than myelin or the erythrocyte membrane. 6. The fatty acid composition of membrane lipids was altered markedly by a single feeding of safflower oil. Membrane polar lipids did not contain significantly more saturated fatty acids than cellular polar lipids. Differences in the proportion of some fatty acids in membrane and cellular glycerides were noted. These differences may reflect the presence of specific membrane glycerides.

scholarly journals Biochemical Markers for Puberty in the Monkey Testis: Desmosterol and Docosahexaenoic Acid1

1997 ◽  
Vol 82 (6) ◽  
pp. 1911-1916 ◽  
Author(s):  
William E. Connor ◽  
Don S. Lin ◽  
Martha Neuringer
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Fatty Acid Pattern

Abstract We previously reported that the sperm of rhesus monkeys and humans uniquely contain large amounts of desmosterol not found in other tissues and have a high concentration of the highly polyunsaturated n-3 fatty acid, docosahexaenoic acid (22:6 n-3). However, the lipid composition of the testis, from which sperm originate, is unknown. During puberty, the testis undergoes remarkable morphological changes as testosterone levels rise and sperm production begins. We hypothesized that testicular maturation might also involve dramatic changes in lipid composition. Accordingly, we characterized the sterol and fatty acid composition of the testis of rhesus monkeys throughout the lifespan, from birth to old age. Although the cholesterol content in the testis remained relatively unchanged throughout life, the desmosterol content first decreased from 59 μg/g in infants to 6 μg/g in prepubertal monkeys, increased to 83 μg/g during puberty, and reached a plateau of 248 μg/g in the young adult, where it remained into old age. The polyunsaturated fatty acid composition of the testis also changed markedly. Docosahexaenoic acid (22:6 n-3) increased from 5.1% of total fatty acids in infants and juveniles to 18.1% in postpubertal young adults. Although some n-6 fatty acids, arachidonic (20:4 n-6) and linoleic (18:2 n-6), decreased from 16.0% and 10.0% in prepubertal juveniles, respectively, to 7.1% and 3.3% in young adults; dihomogamma-linolenic acid (20:3 n-6), the precursor of 1 series PGs, increased greatly from 1.8% to 10.3%. Similar changes occurred in both membrane and storage lipids (phospholipids and triglycerides), respectively. After puberty, the testicular fatty acid pattern remained stable into old age. Our data demonstrated that puberty is accompanied by substantial changes in the lipid composition of the primate testis. These changes suggest that desmosterol and both n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids may have important roles in sexual maturation.

Effects of Long-Chain Monounsaturated and n-3 Fatty Acids on Fatty Acid Oxidation and Lipid Composition in Rats

2001 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Halvorsen ◽  
A.C. Rustan ◽  
L. Madsen ◽  
J. Reseland ◽  
R.K. Berge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Oxidation ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Long Chain

Lipid composition of developing Xenopus laevis embryos

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 578-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Mes-Hartree ◽  
John B. Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Total Lipid Content ◽  
De Novo Synthesis ◽  
Xenopus Laevis Embryos

The total lipid content, amount of phospholipid, proportions of major polar and neutral lipid classes, and the overall fatty acid composition were examined in Xenopus laevis embryos. No obvious differences were observed in any of the parameters between fertilization and hatching, or between eggs produced by different females. The average lipid content per egg was 113 μg, 31.6 μg of which was phospholipid. The major phospholipids were phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin. The major fatty acids were palmitic and oleic acids, but polyunsaturated fatty acids were also present in substantial amounts. The results suggest that significant de novo synthesis of lipids does not occur until after hatching.

scholarly journals MILK LIPIDS AND SUBCLINICAL MASTITIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Danchuk ◽  
V. Ushkalov ◽  
S. Midyk ◽  
L. Vigovska ◽  
O. Danchuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
The Body

This article deals with the process of obtaining quality raw milk by analyzing its lipid composition. The lipid composition of raw milk depends on many factors, among which, first of all, is the species, the composition of the diet and the physiological state of the breast. In recent years, a large amount of data has accumulated on the fluctuations of certain lipid parameters of milk depending on the type, age, lactation, diet, time of year, exercise, animal husbandry technology, physiological state of the lactating organism in general and breast status in particular. Factors of regulation of fatty acid composition of raw milk: genetically determined parameters of quality and safety; fatty acid composition of the diet; synthesis of fatty acids by microorganisms of the digestive tract; synthesis of fatty acids in the breast; physiological state of the breast. The milk of each species of productive animals has its own specific lipid profile and is used in the formulation of certain dairy products to obtain the planned technological and nutritional parameters. Diagnosis of productive animals for subclinical mastitis involves the use of auxiliary (thermometry, thermography, electrical conductivity) and laboratory research methods: counting the number of somatic cells; use of specialized tests; microbiological studies of milk; biochemical studies of milk. The biochemical component in the diagnosis of subclinical forms of mastitis is underestimated. An increase in body temperature implies an increase in the intensity of heat release during the oxidation of substrates, sometimes due to a decrease in the intensity of synthesis of energy-intensive compounds. There are simply no other sources of energy in the body. The situation is the same with certain parts of the metabolism, which are aimed at the development of protective reactions to the etiological factor aimed at the defeat of the breast. That is why the biochemical composition of breast secretions in the absence of clinical signs of mastitis undergoes biochemical changes and the task of scientists is to develop mechanisms for clear tracking of such changes, identification of animals with subclinical forms of mastitis and effective treatment.

scholarly journals Fatty Acid Components of Ovine Erythrocyte Lipids

1965 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 445 ◽  
Author(s):  
JM Connellan ◽  
CJ Masters
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Structure Function ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Mammalian Erythrocyte ◽  
Mammalian Tissues ◽  
Membrane Type ◽  
And Function ◽  
Erythrocyte Lipids

As part of a study of comparative lipid metabolism, the distribution of fatty acids has been investigated in a number of mammalian tissues (Horgan and Masters 1963; Masters 1964a, 1964b, 1964c; Connellan and Masters 1965), a major aim of these studies being to facilitate correlation between lipid composition and function. In this context, it is widely recognized that membranes playa fundamental role in cellular metabolism, and that lipid is an essential component of these biomembranes (Stein and Danielli 1956). The study of structure-function relationships in this situation, however, has been hindered by the difficulty of isolating specific membranes without contamination by other lipids. The mature mammalian erythrocyte possesses advantageous characteristics for this type of investigation because of the lack of sub-cellular particles, and the resultant presence of only a single membrane type (Kogl et al. 1960). As an extension of previous investigations, then, the fatty acid composi-tion of ovine erythrocytes has been determined.

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