scholarly journals Partisipasi Tenaga Kerja Pemuda di Sektor Pertanian di Sulawesi Tengah

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Eka Nurdiyanto ◽  
NFN Sukamdi ◽  
Abdur Rofi
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Labor Participation ◽  
Logistic Analysis ◽  
Agricultural Diversification ◽  
Individual Household ◽  
Household Heads ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Market Strategies ◽  
Domestic Products ◽  
Central Sulawesi

Structural transformation in Central Sulawesi has led to a decline in the contribution of agricultural sector in the province’s economy. In addition, the phenomenon of increasing aging farmers was one of the problems in improving the agricultural sector performance. This study aimed to examine factors that influence youth labor participation in the agricultural sector in Central Sulawesi. The data used in this research was Sakernas 2018 published by Statistics Indonesia (BPS). The analysis was carried out in three levels, namely individual, household, and contextual levels, using a multilevel binary logistic analysis. Results of this analysis showed that youth labor participation  in the agricultural sector was significantly influenced by the several factors: for individual factors were level of education and gender; household socioeconomic factors were education level of household heads, occupations of household heads, and number of household members;  and the region contextual factors were population density and Gross Regional Domestic Products (GRDP) per capita. To increase youth labor participation in this province, it is recommended that the local government to implement programs to change youth perceptions of work opportunity in the agricultural sector, create agricultural diversification, improve welfare of agricultural households, strengthen agricultural market strategies. and enhance the skills and capacity of agricultural youth.

scholarly journals LINC01414/LINC00824 genetic polymorphisms in association with the susceptibility of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoman Zhou ◽  
Yunjun Zhang ◽  
Yutian Zhang ◽  
Quanni Li ◽  
Mei Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Genetic Polymorphisms ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Logistic Analysis ◽  
Copd Patients ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
And Gender

Abstract Objective Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a complicated multi-factor, multi-gene disease. Here, we aimed to assess the association of genetic polymorphisms in LINC01414/ LINC00824 and interactions with COPD susceptibility. Methods Three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in LINC01414/LINC00824 was genotyped by Agena MassARRAY platform among 315 COPD patients and 314 controls. Logistic analysis adjusted by age and gender were applied to estimate the genetic contribution of selected SNPs to COPD susceptibility. Results LINC01414 rs699467 (OR = 0.73, 95% CI 0.56–0.94, p = 0.015) and LINC00824 rs7815944 (OR = 0.56, 95% CI 0.31–0.99, p = 0.046) might be protective factors for COPD occurrence, while LINC01414 rs298207 (OR = 2.88, 95% CI 1.31–6.31, p = 0.008) risk-allele was related to the increased risk of COPD in the whole population. Rs7815944 was associated with the reduced risk of COPD in the subjects aged > 70 years (OR = 0.29, p = 0.005). Rs6994670 (OR = 0.57, p = 0.007) contribute to a reduced COPD risk, while rs298207 (OR = 7.94, p = 0.009) was related to a higher susceptibility to COPD at age ≤ 70 years. Rs298207 (OR = 2.54, p = 0.043) and rs7815944 (OR = 0.43, p = 0.028) variants was associated COPD risk among males. Rs7815944 (OR = 0.16, p = 0.031) was related to the reduced susceptibility of COPD in former smokers. Moreover, the association between rs298207 genotype and COPD patients with dyspnea was found (OR = 0.50, p = 0.016), and rs7815944 was related to COPD patients with wheezing (OR = 0.22, p = 0.008). Conclusion Our finding provided further insights into LINC01414/LINC00824 polymorphisms at risk of COPD occurrence and accumulated evidence for the genetic susceptibility of COPD.

Socioeconomic variations and disparity in space–time accessibility in suburban China: A case study of Guangzhou

Urban Studies ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 004209802091641
Author(s):  
Zifeng Chen ◽  
Anthony Gar-On Yeh
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Time Perspective ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Time Constraints ◽  
Service Access ◽  
Service Accessibility ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Household Heads ◽  
And Gender

The concept of conventional place-based accessibility, despite being well researched, tends to ignore people’s space–time constraints arising from mandatory activities (e.g. work and household duties), which confine people’s potential movement and delimit the accessible opportunities. As people with different socioeconomic statuses may have different space–time constraints even while living in similar locations, using the place-based measures could lead to an underestimation of accessibility inequality. This study applies a space–time measure to unravel the disparities in service accessibility in suburban China. Since the late 1970s, suburbanisation in Chinese cities has fostered income inequality and has elevated other dimensions (e.g. institutional status and gender) of disparity within each income class. Within this context, we conduct a case study of suburban neighbourhoods in Guangzhou, based on the activity diary data derived from a home-based questionnaire survey. Findings indicate that the use of a space–time measure effectively captures the disparities in service accessibility among residents in suburban Guangzhou. On the basis of structural equation modelling, we further identify that certain socioeconomic groups (e.g. high-income residents, public sector workers, local hukou holders, male household heads and welfare housing residents) tend to experience fewer space–time constraints from rigid activities, such as work, commuting and household duties, and are thus more advantaged in accessing service facilities. These findings imply that urban planning should address the space–time perspective to promote equal service access for the highly heterogeneous social groups in suburban China and to incorporate time-sensitive policies (e.g. flexitime policies).

scholarly journals Equity implications of rice fortification: a modelling study from Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (15) ◽  
pp. 2824-2839
Author(s):  
Naomi M Saville ◽  
Macharaja Maharjan ◽  
Dharma S Manandhar ◽  
Helen A Harris-Fry
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Gender Equity ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Recall Data ◽  
Consumption Data ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Household Heads ◽  
And Gender

AbstractObjective:To model the potential impact and equity impact of fortifying rice on nutritional adequacy of different subpopulations in Nepal.Design:Using 24-h dietary recall data and a household consumption survey, we estimated: rice intakes; probability of adequacy (PA) of eight micronutrients commonly fortified in rice (vitamin A, niacin (B3), pyridoxine (B6), cobalamin (B12), thiamin (B1), folate (B9), Fe and Zn) plus riboflavin (B2), vitamin C and Ca and mean probability of adequacy (MPA) of these micronutrients. We modelled: no fortification; fortification of purchased rice, averaged across all households and in rice-buying households only. We compared adequacy increases between population subgroups.Setting:(i) Dhanusha and Mahottari districts of Nepal (24-h recall) and (ii) all agro-ecological zones of Nepal (consumption data).Participants:(i) Pregnant women (n 128), mothers-in-law and male household heads; (ii) households (n 4360).Results:Unfortified diets were especially inadequate in vitamins B12, A, B9, Zn and Fe. Fortification of purchased rice in rice-purchasing households increased PA > 0·9 for thiamin, niacin, B6, folate and Zn, but B12 and Fe remained inadequate even after fortification (PA range 0·3–0·9). Pregnant women’s increases exceeded men’s for thiamin, niacin, B6, folate and MPA; men had larger gains in vitamin A, B12 and Zn. Adequacy improved more in the hills (coefficient 0·08 (95 % CI 0·05, 0·10)) and mountains (coefficient 0·07 (95 % CI 0·01, 0·14)) but less in rural areas (coefficient −0·05 (95 % CI −0·09, −0·01)).Conclusions:Consumption of purchased fortified rice improves adequacy and gender equity of nutrient intake, especially in non-rice-growing areas.

scholarly journals Fenomena Penuaan Petani dan Berkurangnya Tenaga Kerja Muda serta Implikasinya bagi Kebijakan Pembangunan Pertanian

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Hery Susilowati
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Young Workers ◽  
Agricultural Industry ◽  
Agricultural Diversification ◽  
Determining Factors ◽  
The Government

<strong>English</strong><br />Qualified human resources with a good commitment to develop agricultural sector is one of the determining factors toward sustainable agricultural development. However, agricultural development deals with significant issue especially reduction in the number of young farmers. This paper aims to review structural changes from perspective of aging farmer and declined number of young farmers in Indonesia and other countries. Specifically, this paper identifies various factors causing the changes and describes the policies needed to support young workers to enter agricultural sector. The method used in this paper is both descriptive analysis and cross tabulation. The results show that aging farmers and young farmers decline in Indonesia keep increasing. The phenomena are also found in other countries in Asia, Europe, America and Australia. Various factors causing lack interest of young workers in agricultural sector, namely less prestigious, high risk, less assurance, unstable earning. Other factors are small size land holding, limited non-agricultural diversification and agricultural processing activities in rural areas, slow farm management succession, and lack of incentive for young farmers. To attract youth to enter agricultural sector, it is necessary to transform youth’s perception that agricultural sector currently is interesting and promising. The government needs to development agricultural industry in rural areas, introduces technology innovation, offers special incentives for young farmers, modernizes agriculture, and conducts training and empowerment of young farmers.<br /><br /><br /><strong>Indonesian</strong><br />Sumber daya manusia yang berkualitas dan memiliki komitmen membangun sektor pertanian merupakan salah satu faktor keberhasilan pembangunan pertanian berkelanjutan. Namun, pembangunan pertanian menghadapi permasalahan cukup serius, yaitu jumlah petani muda terus mengalami penurunan, baik secara absolut maupun relatif, sementara petani usia tua semakin meningkat. Tujuan makalah ini adalah melakukan review tentang perubahan struktural tenaga kerja pertanian dilihat dari fenomena aging farmer dan menurunnya jumlah tenaga kerja usia muda sektor pertanian di Indonesia dan di berbagai negara lainnya, mengidentifikasi berbagai faktor penyebab perubahan tersebut, serta kebijakan yang diperlukan untuk mendukung tenaga kerja muda masuk ke  sektor pertanian. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif dan tabulasi. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa secara umum fenomena penuaan petani dan berkurangnya petani muda di Indonesia semakin meningkat. Kondisi seperti ini bukan hanya terjadi di Indonesia, namun juga di negara-negara lain di Asia, Eropa, dan Amerika.  Berbagai faktor penyebab menurunnya minat tenaga kerja muda di sektor pertanian, di antaranya citra sektor pertanian yang kurang bergengsi, berisiko tinggi, kurang memberikan jaminan tingkat, stabilitas, dan kontinyuitas pendapatan; rata-rata penguasaan lahan sempit; diversifikasi usaha nonpertanian dan industri pertanian di desa kurang/tidak berkembang; suksesi pengelolaan usaha tani rendah; belum ada kebijakan insentif khusus untuk petani muda/pemula; dan berubahnya cara pandang pemuda di era postmodern seperti sekarang. Strategi yang perlu dilakukan untuk menarik minat pemuda bekerja di pertanian antara lain mengubah persepsi generasi muda bahwa sektor pertanian merupakan sektor yang menarik dan menjanjikan apabila dikelola dengan tekun dan sungguh-sungguh, pengembangan agroindustri, inovasi teknologi,  pemberian insentif khusus kepada petani muda, pengembangan pertanian modern, pelatihan dan pemberdayaan petani muda, serta memperkenalkan pertanian kepada generasi muda sejak dini.

scholarly journals Tungiasis in Western Kenya: Knowledge, Perceptions, and Practices of Household Heads – A Crossectional Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 7-13
Author(s):  
Andrew Okoth Aballa
Keyword(s):  
Formal Education ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Modified Technique ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Rural Kenya ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude ◽  
Household Heads ◽  
And Gender

Background: According to reports of AHADT Kenya, tungiasis afflicts four million Kenyans with 10 million more at risk of severe infestation. Anecdotal reports suggest that lack of knowledge and retrogressive beliefs and practices of household heads, them being the key decision makers in rural homes, might be barriers to the control of tungiasis. Objective: To assess the knowledge, perceptions, and practices of household heads regarding tungiasis in Kenya Methodology: A crossectional study was done in Otwenya Location, Maseno Division, Kenya. Seventy-eight (78) homes were visited and all their household members checked for the presence of tungiasis. Structured pretested questionnaires were used to collect the socio demographic data of household heads and the knowledge, perceptions, and practices around tungiasis evaluated. Data analysis was done using version 21 of the Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS) software. A modified technique by Memon et al. was used to compute the knowledge and attitude scores. Fisher’s exact test with Cochran Mantel Haenszel statistics was used for data analyses at 95% CI. Results: Our data was collected in Urudi Rata (39.7%), Mbeka (35.6%), and Mariwa (24.4%) villages. Most houses had iron sheer roofs (93.6%) and floors plastered with dung or cement (60.3%). Household heads were mainly female (71.8%) with primary level education (67.9%). Tungiasis was found in 39.7% of households. Earth floors (OR=11.1, P<0.01) and overcrowding (OR=3.4, p=0.04) were risk factors for tungiasis. Most respondents (75.7%) had a moderate knowledge of tungiasis with it being lowest among heads with no formal education (OR=35.56 (1.7 to 732.6), p=0.02). The knowledge of tungiasis did not influence its occurrence in homes. (p=0.49). Most respondents (82.1%) had poor perceptions of tungiasis, which did not vary by the age, education, and gender of household. However, odds of infestation was over 4.9 times higher in homes where household head had negative perception of tungiasis (OR=4.9 p=0.03). The extraction of fleas (91.1%) was the commonest treatment option. Conclusion: Tungiasis is a common ectoparasitosis in rural Kenya with a prevalence of 19.5%. Household heads are knowledge about tungiasis. However, retrogressive beliefs, negligence, and stigma are barriers for its control.

A Comparative Analysis of Land, Caste, and Gender in Tamil Nadu and Madhya Pradesh With Reference to India

2019 ◽  
pp. 149-175
Author(s):  
M. Thangaraj
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Land Reform ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
National Income ◽  
Tenure Reform ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
And Gender

Land is a gift of nature and its supply is perfectly inelastic. The quality of land differs very much from one place to another. Land is an important productive asset in rural India. Land is the backbone of agriculture. It serves as the base for all living beings. Nearly two-thirds of the workforce directly or indirectly depends on agriculture for their livelihood. About one-fifth of national income is derived from agricultural sector. Agriculture is a risky and most uncertain economic activity, as it heavily depends upon the vagarious of monsoon. Land market is a significant economic activity and may be classified into land sale market and land lease market both in rural and urban areas. Land reform is one of the regulating mechanisms of the agrarian activity which may be classified into 1) reforms aimed at changing ownership pattern (re-distributive reform) or 2) reforms dealing with leasing of land (tenancy/tenure reform).

scholarly journals Prospects of Multifunctionality in Nepalese Agriculture: The Agritourism Perspectives

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-118
Author(s):  
Kumar Bhatta
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Rural Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Educational Background ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Sustainable Rural Development ◽  
Household Heads

Multi functionality of agriculture in the developed countries is employed as a means of rural revitalization and economic circulation. Although farm diversification in the developing countries is much more crucial, in most of the rural areas of the developing countries, it is not performed, and it is delayed. In this regard, the main objective of this study is to explore the possibilities of the multi functionality of agriculture for the sustainable rural development for the implementation of the sustainable development goals (SDGs) in the developing countries. The empirical study was conducted in two of the rural districts of Nepal called Nuwakot and Rasuwa. The author intentionally chose these districts because it is one separate area north of the capital city Kathmandu and bordering to China. Further, even though the location is nearby the capital city, and the rural villages have excessive potentials for tourism activities, the farmers are still focusing on subsistence farming without getting benefits from tourism. Based on the macro data of Nepal government and field visit, the author conducted a case study. This study explored that most of the household heads are working in the agricultural sector, which can be one of the opportunities to launch multi functionality of agriculture. However, due to their weak educational background, they are expecting external supports in terms of knowledge, technology, and more importantly, supportive policy. The federal and central government should give subsidy to the farmers so that they canstart multi functionality in their farms, which lead to sustainable rural development.

scholarly journals Situated transformations of women and gender relations in small-scale fisheries and communities in a globalized world

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katia Frangoudes ◽  
Siri Gerrard ◽  
Danika Kleiber
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equity ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Women And Gender ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Small Scale Fisheries ◽  
Individual Household ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Many ◽  
Globalized World

AbstractThe need to uncover, interrogate, and integrate women’s contributions to fisheries in research and development has never been clearer. As coastal and fisheries management continues to look to the Sustainable Development Goals and the Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries in the context of Food Security and Poverty Eradication, as frameworks and mandates, gender equity and equality have become a central concern. To fill the still existing gap of documentation and theoretical engagement, in this thematic collection, we gather together voices from researchers and practitioners from around the world, with one overarching common approach of using a gender lens to examine the relationship between humans and aquatic resources. Drawing on Donna Haraway’s classic feminist concept of situated knowledges, we examine the many and varied approaches researchers are using to engage with the intersection of gender and fisheries. Beginning and ending with two reviews that examine where gender and fisheries has come from, and where it is going, this thematic issue includes case studies from 10 countries, engaging in the topic at various scales (individual, household, national, institutional etc.), and using multiple methodological approaches. Taken together, these pieces explore the mechanism by which women’s contribution to fisheries are overlooked and provide direct evidence to contest the persistent invisibility of women in fishing, fisheries labor, and fisheries decision-making. Going beyond the evidence of women’s contributions, the authors go further to examine different coastal contexts, intersectional identities such as age, and explore gender transformative approaches to fisheries development.

scholarly journals Agro-pastoralists’ determinants of adaptation to climate change

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 488-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keneilwe Ruth Kgosikoma ◽  
Phatsimo Cotildah Lekota ◽  
Olaotswe Ernest Kgosikoma
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Adaptation Strategies ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Agricultural Diversification

Purpose The purpose of this study is to analyze smallholder farmers’ perceptions on climate change and its stressors, their adaptation strategies and factors that influence their adaptation to climate change. Design/methodology/approach The study was conducted in Kweneng district, located in the south eastern part of Botswana. Multi-stage sampling was used to obtain a representative sample from three sub-districts in the district. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data by using face-to-face interviews. Findings Majority of farmers perceived an increase in mean annual temperature and the number of hot days and a decrease in mean annual rainfall and the number of rainfall days over the past 10 years as indicators of climate change. The prominent adaptation strategies included changes in planting dates for crops and supplementary feeding for livestock. The logistic regression results show that gender, age, household size, poverty, shortage of land, mixed farming and knowledge about climate change significantly influence adaptation. Practical implications The findings indicate that climate change policy should target agricultural diversification at the household level and dissemination of information on climate change and adaptation strategies. Originality/value Policy recommendations can be suggested: government climate change interventions should target agricultural diversification at the household level, and this study provides insights on what influences adaptation strategies and what should be targeted to build resilience in the agricultural sector.

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