scholarly journals Control of Anthracnose Disease (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) Using Nano Chitosan Hydrolyzed by Chitinase Derived from Burkholderia cepacia Isolate E76

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yadi Suryadi ◽  
Tri Puji Priyatno ◽  
I Made Samudra ◽  
Dwi Ningsih Susilowati ◽  
Tuti Septi Sriharyani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Burkholderia Cepacia ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Sodium Tripolyphosphate ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Coating Application ◽  
Anthracnose Disease

<p>Anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) is one of the important diseases of fruit crops that need to be controlled. This study was aimed to obtain the best formula of hydrolyzed nano chitosan and its potensial in controlling anthracnose. The hydrolyzed chitosan was prepared using chitinase enzyme extracted from Burkholderia cepacia isolate E76. Chitosan nanoparticles were synthesized using ionic gelation method by reacting hydrolyzed chitosan (0.2%) with Sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) (0.1%) as cross-linking agent using 30&amp;ndash;60 minutes stirring condition. The bioactivity of the nano chitosan formula was tested to C. gloeosporioides under in vitro and in vivo assays. The specific enzymatic activity of the purified chitinase was higher (0.19 U/mg) than that of crude enzyme (supernatant) with the purity increased by 3.8 times. Of the four formula tested, Formula A (hydrolyzed chitosan to STPP volume ratio of 5 : 1 with 60 minutes stirring condition) was found good in terms of physical characteristic of the particle. The formula nano chitosan particle had the spherical-like shape with an average particle size of 126.2+3.8 nm, polydispersity index (PI) of 0.4+0.02, and zeta potential (ZP) value of 27.8+0.2 mV. Nano chitosan had an inhibitory activity to C. gloeosporioides in vitro up to 85.7%. Moreover, it could inhibit 61.2% of C. gloeosporioides spores germination. It was shown that nano chitosan was also effective to reduce anthracnose disease severity in vivo when applied as a preventive measure on chili and papaya fruits. This study could be used as a reference for further fruit coating application using nano chitosan as a promising postharvest biocontrol agent to C. gloeosporioides.</p>

scholarly journals ANTIFUNGAL EFFICIENCY OF COPPER OXYCHLORIDE-CONJUGATED SILVER NANOPARTICLES AGAINST COLLETOTRICHUM GLOEOSPORIOIDES WHICH CAUSES ANTHRACNOSE DISEASE

2019 ◽  
pp. 230-233
Author(s):  
RAGHAVENDRA SN ◽  
RAGHU HS ◽  
DIVYASHREE K ◽  
RAJESHWARA AN
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Copper Oxychloride ◽  
Neem Extract ◽  
Anthracnose Disease ◽  
Antifungal Efficiency

Objectives: Anthracnose disease is caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, affecting most of the fruit and vegetable plants. The present study is aimed to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using neem extract and conjugate then with fungicide to check the antifungal activity against anthracnose disease. Methods: In the current study, we have synthesized copper oxychloride-conjugated AgNPs (COC-AgNPs) by a biological method using neem extract and have tested their effectiveness against C. gloeosporioides. The COC-AgNPs were characterized by UV–visible spectroscopy, fourier-transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction analysis, and in vitro antifungal activity was investigated. Results: The shape of COC-AgNPs was found to be spherical with an average particle size of 21–25 nm. The fungicide-conjugated AgNPs exhibited highest growth inhibition of C. gloeosporioides (~187%) as compared to fungicide copper oxychloride. Conclusion: These results indicate that the COC-AgNPs could be effectively used to control anthracnose disease in mango and in other crops. These COC-AgNPs can drastically reduce the amount of fungicide currently used which will reduce the environmental pollution caused by the fungicide.

Enhanced oral bioavailability of nisoldipine-piperine-loaded poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid nanoparticles

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 517-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Permender Rathee ◽  
Anjoo Kamboj ◽  
Shabir Sidhu
Keyword(s):  
Oral Bioavailability ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Entrapment Efficiency ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Interaction ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Studies ◽  
Average Particle

AbstractBackground:Piperine helps in the improvement of bioavailability through pharmacokinetic interaction by modulating metabolism when administered with other drugs. Nisoldipine is a substrate for cytochrome P4503A4 enzymes. The study was undertaken to assess the influence of piperine on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of nisoldipine nanoparticles in rats.Methods:Optimization studies of nanoparticles were performed using Taguchi L9 orthogonal array, and the nanoparticles were formulated by the precipitation method. The influence of piperine and nanoparticles was evaluated by means of in vivo kinetic and dynamic studies by oral administration in rats.Results:The entrapment efficiency, drug loading, ζ potential, and average particle size of optimized nisoldipine-piperine nanoparticles was 89.77±1.06%, 13.6±0.56%, −26.5 mV, and 132±7.21 nm, respectively. The in vitro release in 0.1 n HCl and 6.8 pH phosphate buffer was 96.9±0.48% and 98.3±0.26%, respectively. Pharmacokinetic studies showed a 4.9-fold increase in oral bioavailability and a >28.376±1.32% reduction in systemic blood pressure by using nanoparticles as compared to control (nisoldipine suspension) in Wistar rats.Conclusion:The results revealed that piperine being an inhibitor of cytochrome P4503A4 enzymes enhanced the bioavailability of nisoldipine by 4.9-fold in nanoparticles.

scholarly journals Erythrocyte Membrane-Coated Arsenic Trioxide-Loaded Sodium Alginate Nanoparticles for Tumor Therapy

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yumei Lian ◽  
Xuerui Wang ◽  
Pengcheng Guo ◽  
Yichen Li ◽  
Faisal Raza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arsenic Trioxide ◽  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Primary Liver Cancer ◽  
Tumor Therapy ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Promising Alternative

Arsenic trioxide (ATO) has a significant effect on the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) and advanced primary liver cancer, but it still faces severe side effects. Considering these problems, red blood cell membrane-camouflaged ATO-loaded sodium alginate nanoparticles (RBCM-SA-ATO-NPs, RSANs) were developed to relieve the toxicity of ATO while maintaining its efficacy. ATO-loaded sodium alginate nanoparticles (SA-ATO-NPs, SANs) were prepared by the ion crosslinking method, and then RBCM was extruded onto the surface to obtain RSANs. The average particle size of RSANs was found to be 163.2 nm with a complete shell-core bilayer structure, and the average encapsulation efficiency was 14.31%. Compared with SANs, RAW 264.7 macrophages reduced the phagocytosis of RSANs by 51%, and the in vitro cumulative release rate of RSANs was 95% at 84 h, which revealed a prominent sustained release. Furthermore, it demonstrated that RSANs had lower cytotoxicity as compared to normal 293 cells and exhibited anti-tumor effects on both NB4 cells and 7721 cells. In vivo studies further showed that ATO could cause mild lesions of main organs while RSANs could reduce the toxicity and improve the anti-tumor effects. In brief, the developed RSANs system provides a promising alternative for ATO treatment safely and effectively.

scholarly journals ETHYLCELLULOSE FLOATING MICROSPHERES OF ANTIDIABETIC AGENT: IN VITRO AND IN VIVO EVALUATION

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seema Kohli ◽  
Megha Sharma ◽  
Abhisek Pal
Keyword(s):  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation ◽  
Gastro Retentive

Objective: To develop and evaluate floating type gastro-retentive dosage form, appropriate for controlled release of repaglinide (RG) having a narrow therapeutic window.Methods: Repaglinide loaded microspheres (MS) using biological macromolecule ethylcellulose (EC) was prepared by a solvent diffusion-evaporation technique using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) emulsifier. Compatibility of drug and polymer was studied by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). During formulation, various process optimisation parameters studied were stirring speed, the concentration of drug, polymer and emulsifier. Characterization and in vitro evaluation was performed. In vivo antidiabetic activity was performed on alloxan induced diabetic rats followed by histopathological screening.Results: The average particle size was in the range of 174-243 µm. Yield, entrapment and buoyancy of microspheres were 68.4­­-79.8, 58.6-73.1 and 71.8-84.1% respectively. 65.1% release of drug from optimised formulation was obtained which follows first-order kinetics (r2 = 0.989). Optimised formulation treated group shows significant (p<0.01) decrease in glucose level of blood as compared to pure drug treated group during the later hours of study with satisfactory results of histology.Conclusion: The investigation revealed the promising potential of gastro retentive microspheres for delivering RG for the treatment of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM).

Hepatocellular Carcinoma Targeting and Pharmacodynamics of Paclitaxel Nanoliposomes Modified by Glycyrrhetinic Acid and Ferric Tetroxide

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Zhao ◽  
Leyi Liang ◽  
Mimi Guo ◽  
Ming Li ◽  
Xuesong Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
In Vitro Release ◽  
Glycyrrhetinic Acid ◽  
Migration And Invasion ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Hcc Cells

Aims: Research on developing targeted delivery of anticancer drugs for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is ongoing. This study aimed at synthesizing nanoliposomes modified by glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) and ferric tetroxide (Fe3O4) for targeted delivery of paclitaxel for selective and specific therapy of HCC. Objective: During this project, GA and Fe3O4 were used to jointly modify the active targeting and magnetic orientation of paclitaxel nanoliposomes for enhanced targeting of HCC to improve the efficacy, while reducing the systemic toxicity and side effects of the drug. Methods: In this study, liposomes were prepared to utilize a thin film dispersion method, in which the average particle size of GA/Fe3O4-PTX-LP was 148.9 ± 2.3 nm, and the average Zeta potential was -23.2 ± 3 mV. Based on the TEM characterization, GA/Fe3O4-PTX-LP is a closed particle with bilayer membranes. In vitro release assessments of the drug indicated that the release of GA/Fe3O4-PTX-LP was sustained. Results: In vitro cell tests have demonstrated that GA/Fe3O 4-PTX-LP can inhibit the proliferation, affect the morphology, migration and invasion, and interfere with the cycle of HCC cells. Uptake tests have confirmed that GA/Fe3O4-PTX-LP can promote the uptake of the drug in HCC cells. Conclusion: In vivo targeting experiments have shown that GA/Fe3O4-PTX-LP has a strong ability to target tumors. In vivo antitumor assessments have proven that GA/Fe3O4-PTX-LP can inhibit tumor growth without obvious toxicity. This project provides a promising nano-targeted drug delivery system for the treatment of HCC.

scholarly journals An Injectable Click-Crosslinked Hydrogel that Prolongs Dexamethasone Release from Dexamethasone-Loaded Microspheres

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Yeon Heo ◽  
Jung Hyun Noh ◽  
Seung Hun Park ◽  
Yun Bae Ji ◽  
Hyeon Jin Ju ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Click Reaction ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Near Infrared Fluorescence Imaging

Our purpose was to test whether a preparation of injectable formulations of dexamethasone (Dex)-loaded microspheres (Dex-Ms) mixed with click-crosslinked hyaluronic acid (Cx-HA) (or Pluronic (PH) for comparison) prolongs therapeutic levels of released Dex. Dex-Ms were prepared using a monoaxial-nozzle ultrasonic atomizer with an 85% yield of the Dex-Ms preparation, encapsulation efficiency of 80%, and average particle size of 57 μm. Cx-HA was prepared via a click reaction between transcyclooctene (TCO)-modified HA (TCO-HA) and tetrazine (TET)-modified HA (TET-HA). The injectable formulations (Dex-Ms/PH and Dex-Ms/Cx-HA) were fabricated as suspensions and became a Dex-Ms-loaded hydrogel drug depot after injection into the subcutaneous tissue of Sprague Dawley rats. Dex-Ms alone also formed a drug depot after injection. The Cx-HA hydrogel persisted in vivo for 28 days, but the PH hydrogel disappeared within six days, as evidenced by in vivo near-infrared fluorescence imaging. The in vitro and in vivo cumulative release of Dex by Dex-Ms/Cx-HA was much slower in the early days, followed by sustained release for 28 days, compared with Dex-Ms alone and Dex-Ms/PH. The reason was that the Cx-HA hydrogel acted as an external gel matrix for Dex-Ms, resulting in the retarded release of Dex from Dex-Ms. Therefore, we achieved significantly extended duration of a Dex release from an in vivo Dex-Ms-loaded hydrogel drug depot formed by Dex-Ms wrapped in an injectable click-crosslinked HA hydrogel in a minimally invasive manner. In conclusion, the Dex-Ms/Cx-HA drug depot described in this work showed excellent performance on extended in vivo delivery of Dex.

scholarly journals In Vitro Safety Evaluation and In Vivo Imaging Studies of Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles through Biomimetic Modification

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinfeng Song ◽  
Yancong Zhang ◽  
Hanwen Sun ◽  
Pingxuan Dong ◽  
Zhongyu Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Contrast Agent ◽  
Hepg2 Cells ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide ◽  
Magnetic Composite ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Tumor Bearing

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an advanced medical imaging diagnostic technique that utilizes different resonance signals generated by the signal strength of water content and the relaxation time of protons in water molecules under the influence of an external magnetic field. This technique requires contrast agents, such as Gd-DTPA and Gd-DOTA, which could increase the risk of renal fibrosis in patients with severe renal insufficiency. The magnetic moment or susceptibility of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle (SPION) is higher than that of other paramagnetic substances and could significantly reduce the dosage of the contrast agent required. In our previous work, the novel magnetic composite nanoparticles (abbreviated as c(RGDyK)-PDA-SPION) had been successfully synthesized by a facile and simple approach. Further evaluation had demonstrated that it had an average particle size of about 50 nm and uniform distribution, superparamagnetic properties, and good dispersion stability in water solution. Animal acute toxicity test also had proved that it had high safety in vivo. In this work, c(RGDyK)-PDA-SPION was further studied for the cell toxicity and effect on HepG2 cells in vitro, and the MRI imaging of this contrast agent in HepG2 tumor-bearing mice was also studied. It is an extension of the published work. The results showed that it possessed high safety and enrichment phenomenon on HepG2 cells in vitro. Animal experimental data preliminarily prove that the contrast agent could enhance the MRI T2-weighted imaging capability of HepG2 carcinoma in tumor-bearing mice and could be a potential T2 contrast agent.

scholarly journals Selecting Antagonistic Yeast for Postharvest Biocontrol of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in Papaya Fruit and Possible Mechanisms Involved

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 760
Author(s):  
Hamizah Hassan ◽  
Mahmud Tengku Muda Mohamed ◽  
Siti Fairuz Yusoff ◽  
Erneeza Mohd Hata ◽  
Nor Elliza Tajidin
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Anthracnose Disease ◽  
Yeast Strains ◽  
Biocontrol Activity ◽  
Antagonistic Yeast

Colletotrichum gloeosporioides causes anthracnose disease in papaya fruit resulting in tremendous economic loss due to its latent infection. This study aimed to evaluate the biocontrol activity of antagonistic yeasts against C. gloeosporioides in papaya and determine the possible mechanism involved. One hundred and ten yeast strains were isolated from different parts of the papaya plant. Among them, only five strains, namely F001, F006, L003, FL013 and LP010, showed more than 55% radial growth inhibition of C. gloeosporioides. These five potent yeast strains were further evaluated in vitro and in vivo. The results indicated that strain F001 had the strongest biocontrol activity based on spore germination and fungal growth inhibition. In vivo, the strain F001 caused 66.7% and 25% reductions in disease incidence and severity, respectively. Based on molecular identification, the strain F001 was confirmed as Trichosporon asahii. Despite there was no significant induction of defense enzyme activities found on the treated fruits, SEM observation showed direct attachment of T. asahii with the fungal hyphae and interfere in their establishment to the fruit surface. Based on these findings, the antagonistic yeast T. asahii strain F001 may be used as a potential natural biological control agent against anthracnose disease in papaya fruit.

scholarly journals The Influence of Papaya Leaf Extract to Anthracnose Disease in Papaya Fruit

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Sudiono . ◽  
Efri . ◽  
Muhammad Asep Awaludin
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Colony Growth ◽  
Anthracnose Disease ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Disease Occurrence ◽  
Test Result

Aims: The objective of this research was to find out the influence of papaya leaf extract to the in-vitro growth of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and in-vivo anthracnose disease occurrence at papaya fruit. Methodology: This research used completely randomized design with seven treatments and four replications. Obtained data were analyzed by using analysis of variance and mean scores were compared and tested with least significance difference (LSD) at 5% and polynomial test at 5%. Results: The research result showed the significant influence of papaya leaf extract and synthetic fungicide in inhibiting the growth of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides colony and the disease occurrence at papaya fruit. The polynomial test result of papaya leaf extract showed linier pattern of C. Gloeosporioides colony diameter and disease course progression. Conclusion: The papaya leaf extract inhibited C. Gloeosporioides colony growth at 2 up to 7 days after inoculation, but it did not inhibit spore germination and its density. The papaya leaf extract also inhibit the disease occurrence at 5 and 6 days after application.

scholarly journals Toxicity, Pharmacokinetics, And Antitumor Activity Study of a Novel Long-Acting Paclitaxel Nanodrug Delivery System Constructed On a Curcumin Derivative Carrier

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
chao Pi ◽  
Mingtang Zeng ◽  
Jingwen Ma ◽  
Pu Guo ◽  
Hongping Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Cytotoxicity Test ◽  
Nanodrug Delivery ◽  
Cumulative Toxicity ◽  
Curcumin Derivative

Abstract Purpose/Background: Paclitaxel (PTX) has been widely used in the clinic to treat breast cancer. However, its poor water solubility and intolerable toxicity greatly reduce the efficacy and medication safety. In this paper, a curcumin derivative (CUD) synthesized by the research group was used as a carrier to prepare a new type of PTX nanodrug delivery system (CUD-PTX-LN), thereby improving the safety of PTX medication and enhancing the anti-tumor effect.Methods: CUD-PTX-LN was prepared by solid dispersion technology and the dialysis method was adopted to investigate the release behavior of CUD-PTX-LN in vitro. Meanwhile, the dynamic process of nanoparticles in vivo was analyzed by pharmacokinetic experiments. Hemolysis experiment, acute toxicity and cumulative toxicity were conducted in mice to evaluate the safety of CUD-PTX-LN. Subsequently, the anti-tumor activity of CUD-PTX-LN was investigated using in vitro and in vivo breast cancer cell models.Results: The average particle size, PDI, and Zeta potential of CUD-PTX-LN were 238.5 ± 4.79 nm, 0.225 ± 0.011 and -33.8 ± 1.26 mV, respectively. CUD-PTX-LN had an encapsulation efficiency (%EE) of 94.20 ± 0.49% and an achievable drug loading (%DL) of 10.98 ± 0.31%. This nanoparticle was stable for up to half a year when the lyophilized powder was stored at room temperature. Cytotoxicity test on MCF-7 cells demonstrated the stronger cytotoxic activity of nanoparticles in comparison to free PTX. CUD-PTX-LN significantly prolonged the half-life and retention time of PTX. The area under the curve (AUC) of CUD-PTX-LN was 14.72 mg/L × h, which was 6 times that of the free PTX group (2.38 mg/L × h). In anti-tumor experiments in vivo, CUD-PTX-LN possessed the advantages of improving the antitumor efficacy and reducing the toxic side effects of drugs. Importantly, CUD-PTX-LN is safer than free PTX in terms of assessing hemolytic, acute and cumulative toxicity.Conclusion: A novel PTX nanodrug delivery system constructed based on CUD as a carrier holds great potential in improving breast cancer treatment.

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