scholarly journals Combination of Somaclonal Variation and Mutagenesis for Crop Improvement

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Endang G. Lestari
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
In Vitro Culture ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Mutation Induction ◽  
Rapid Multiplication ◽  
Plant Improvement ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Selection Of

<p>Mutation-based<br />plant improvement, which changes one or a few specific<br />traits of a cultivar, can contribute to crop improvement.<br />Tissue culture increases the efficiency of mutagenic<br />treatment to induce variations. In vitro culture in<br />combination with induced mutation can speed up the<br />breeding program by generating variability, followed by<br />selection and multiplication of the desired genotypes. In<br />many vegetative propagated crops, mutation induction in<br />combination with in vitro culture techniques can be the<br />most effective method for plant improvement. In seed<br />propagated species, the application of mutation coupled<br />with doubled haploid systems seems to be highly promising<br />in crop improvement. This approach speeds up the breeding<br />program through generation of variability followed by<br />selection of homozygousity and rapid multiplication of<br />desired genotypes.</p>

scholarly journals Pertumbuhan Tanaman Pisang Kepok (Musa paradisiaca L.) pada Berbagai Konsentrasi BAP Secara In Vitro

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 220-224
Author(s):  
Zarmiyeni Zarmiyeni ◽  
Mahdiannoor Mahdiannoor ◽  
Lisa Lisa
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
In Vitro Culture ◽  
Root Formation ◽  
Shoot Formation ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Number Of Leaves

       Bananas are one of the horticultural commodities is very popular in the world because it was delicious, the price is relatively cheap and have high nutritional value. Production of banana plants in Hulu Sungai Utara still relatively low because only bananas cultivated on a small and not available the procurement of seeds. To overcome these obstacles do necessary aside propagated using tissue culture techniques. ZPT which are often used to stimulate the formation of shoots in vitro culture banana is cytokinin as BAP. Cytokines in vitro culture has two important roles that stimulate cell division and the formation and propagation of axillary buds and adventitious buds, but the optimum levels of cytokines that can inhibit the growth and root formation. The purpose of this study is to get (i) the effect of various concentrations of BAP on plant growth kepok banana in vitro, (ii) the best BAP concentration for plant growth kepok banana in vitro. This research was conducted in tissue culture laboratory STIPER Amuntai in April 2013 to August 2013 using a completely randomized design (CRD) single factor with 5 treatments and 4 replications, so there are 20 experimental units. Each experimental unit consisted of 2 explants as a sample. Factors that are tested various concentrations of BAP are b1 : 2 mg / l, b2 : 3 mg / l, b3 : 4 mg / l, b4 : 5 mg / l, b5 : 6 mg / l. The results showed that percentage grows, the percentage of shoot formation, root formation percentage, number of shoots and number of leaves had no effect on treatment.

Mutagenesis of in vitro explants of Coffea spp. to induce fungal resistance.

2021 ◽  
pp. 344-352
Author(s):  
Souleymane Bado ◽  
Fatemeh Maghuly ◽  
Vitor Varzea ◽  
Margit Laimer
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Embryogenic Callus ◽  
Mutation Breeding ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Fungal Resistance ◽  
Mutation Induction ◽  
Tree Crops ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Cell Tissue

Abstract Coffee is one of the most valuable commodity tree crops worldwide. However, it suffers from several devastating diseases and pests, for example coffee leaf rust and coffee berry borer, whose impact is being amplified by changing climatic conditions. Development of new adapted varieties remains a laborious effort by conventional breeding due to the long juvenile period in tree crops. Plant cell/tissue culture represents the ultimate method to produce large amounts of true-to-type healthy plants and of explants for mutation breeding. In fact, mutation induction combined with in vitro cell/tissue culture techniques has proved to be effective for developing improved cultivars of perennial crops. Prior to mutation breeding, cell and tissue radiosensitivity tests to various mutagens need to be performed, so that optimal treatments can be applied for large population development. Thus, different in vitro explants (plantlet, leaf, callus, embryogenic callus, globular and torpedo stage embryos) of Coffea arabica and Coffea canephora were exposed to different gamma-ray doses (0, 10, 15, 20, 40, 60 and 80 Gy). After 9-21 weeks incubation, a radiosensitivity test was conducted on the different explants and LD50 doses corresponding to 50% of viability or survival of callus, embryogenic callus, globular and torpedo stage embryos and 50% growth reduction (GR50) of shoot were also determined. Callus explants showed a relatively high radio-resistance (LD30-LD50 50-100 Gy) in comparison with entire plantlets or embryos (LD30-GR50 8-46 Gy). Globular embryo development into plantlets and also leaf area of irradiated plantlets were more severely affected by irradiation than other explants. It was possible to confirm the relative radio-resistance of unicellular explants compared with multicellular explants. Estimation of optimal mutation induction dosage range for various in vitro explants is important for tree crops, especially for coffee improvement.

RAPID IN VITRO PROPAGATION OF WESTERN GHATS CULTIVAR - COLOCASIA ESCULENTA FOR THE HIGH FREQUENCY OF PLANTLETS

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyothi R ◽  
Srinivasa Murthy K M ◽  
Hossein . ◽  
Veena .
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Colocasia Esculenta ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Rapid Multiplication ◽  
Medical Plant ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Planting Materials

Colocasia esculenta is commonly known as Taro, it is referred to as cocoyam in Nigeria. They are cherished for their rich taste, nutritional and medicinal properties. Every 100 g of taro corms possess 112 Kcal, 26.46 g carbohydrate, 1.50 g protein, 0.20 g total fat and 4.1g fiber (USDA National Nutrient Data Base). Besides its nutritional value, taro is used as a medical plant and provides bioactive compounds used as an anti-cancer drugs. Traditionally, cocoyams are vegetative propagated from tuber fragments, a practice that encourages pathogen distribution. Colocasia esculenta is a widely distributed food crop in the humid tropics and subtropics. Despite of its wide distribution, Taro plants are commonly infected with DsMV and other pathogens. This virus induces conspicuous mosaic, malformation, dwarfing or feathering on leaves in taro. As the results of infection, it reduces the quality and yield of taro production greatly. This virus is thus considered as a major limiting factor in the production of taro. Here plays the importance of  tissue culture plays a major role in producing the disease resistant plants round the year with high quality. For rapid multiplication and production of quality planting materials, tissue culture technology offers promising alternative compared to the traditional production methods. KEYWORDS: Colocasia esculenta, Virus, Pathogens, Conventional propagation, Micropropagation, Yield, Rapid multiplication, Quality

DEVELOPMENT OF NEOLAMARCKIA CADAMBA (KELEMPAYAN) TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES FOR SUSTAINABLE SUPPLY OF PLANTING MATERIALS FOR COMMERCIAL PLANTATION

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 (24) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Suhaila A. Rahman ◽  
Norwati Muhammad ◽  
Nor Hasnida Hassan ◽  
Haliza Ismail ◽  
Nazirah Abdullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Mass Production ◽  
Nodal Segments ◽  
Direct Organogenesis ◽  
Timber Species ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Commercial Plantation ◽  
Planting Materials ◽  
Tissue Culture Techniques

Neolamarckia cadamba (kelempayan) is a multipurpose and fast growing timber species. The tree is grown for timber, paper-making and as ornamental plant. It is reported that its barks and leaves possesed medicinal values and its flowers are used in perfumes. The species is also known to be suitable for plywood, packing case, toys and short-fibred pulp. Therefore, mass production of high quality planting material of N. cadamba is important to support plantation program of this species. Here we presented mass production of N. cadamba through tissue culture techniques. Nodal segments derived from in vitro germinated seeds were used and induced direct organogenesis to produce shoots and roots using MS media (1962) and plant growth regulators (BAP and IBA) that are relatively cheaper than previously used methods. The tissue culture technique of N. cadamba developed may help in ensuring supply of planting materials that are feasible for commercial plantation purposes.

scholarly journals Influence of Indole acetic acid and Tryptophan on production of Vinblastine and Vincristine of Catharanthus roseous callus cells in the accumulation media of In Vitro tissue culture

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 1113-1119
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
In Vitro Culture ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Indole Acetic Acid ◽  
Culture Technique

This study on the plant of Ain –AL Bason Catharanthus roseous showed the ability of callus cells that is produced by In Vitro culture technique and transformed to the accumulated media (MS 40gm/L sucrose ,2gm/L IAA Indole acetic acid , 0.5gm/L Tryptophan) to produce Vinblastine and Vincristine compounds. Extraction, purification and quantitive determination of Vinblastine and Vincristine compounds using High performance liquid chromatography technique (HPLC)were carried out. The results showed that the highest concentration of Vinblastine and Vincristine compounds were ( 4.653,12.5 (ppm /0.5 dry Wight respectively from transformed callus cells from MS 40 gm /L sucrose , 2 gm / L NAA Naphthaline acetic acid .

scholarly journals Propagation of Juniper Species by Plant Tissue Culture: A Mini-Review

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hazubska-Przybył
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Culture ◽  
Protective Action ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Dry Climates ◽  
Coniferous Tree Species ◽  
Seed Propagation

The genus Juniperus (of the Cupressaceae family) is the second most prevalent group of conifers on Earth. Juniper species are widely dispersed in the Northern Hemisphere, in Europe and Asia, and in Africa and Central America. Juniper species are resistant to dry climates and can adapt to difficult environmental conditions. Most juniper species are important in both ecological and economic terms. However, today, many forests in which junipers occur are being reduced in size due to both natural causes (fires, for example) and human activity (uncontrolled exploitation of forests, etc.). Also, climate changes may have adversely affected the range of populations of different juniper species. For this reason, some juniper species are now categorized as rare or endangered, and require immediate protective action. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop effective strategies for ex situ conservation, including reliable procedures for Juniperus sp. reproduction for future reintroduction and restoration programs. The conservation strategies used until now with traditional forestry techniques (seed propagation, rooted cuttings, grafting) have not been satisfactory in many cases. Thus, increasing attention is being paid to the possibilities offered by in vitro culture technology, which enables the conservation and mass clonal propagation of different coniferous tree species. In this mini-review, we summarize the current state of knowledge regarding the use of various methods of the propagation of selected Juniperus species, with a particular emphasis on in vitro culture techniques.

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