scholarly journals PENGARUH BIOREGULATOR SERTA PUPUK N TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK MORFOLOGI DAUN DAN INFESTASI Amrasca biguttula (ISHIDA) PADA KAPAS

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
IGAA. INDRAYANI ◽  
FITRININGDYAH T.K. ◽  
M. SOHRI
Keyword(s):  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Cotton Leaf ◽  
Leaf Lamina ◽  
Hair Density ◽  
Mepiquat Chloride ◽  
Split Plot ◽  
Factor C

<p>ABSTRAK</p><p>Teknik pengendalian Amrasca biguttula yang paling efektif belumtersedia hingga saat ini. Penggunaan varietaspun belum ada yang benar-benar tahan terhadap hama ini karena keterbatasan aksesi kapas yangmembawa gen ketahanan. Sementara itu penggunaan pupuk N danbioregulator sering diaplikasikan untuk pertumbuhan, sedangkan peng-gunaan keduanya erat hubungannya dengan serangan serangga hama.Penelitian pengaruh bioregulator mepiquat khlorida dan paclobutrazolserta pupuk N terhadap karakteristik morfologi daun dan infestasi Amrascabiguttula dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Balai Penelitian TanamanTembakau dan Serat di Karangploso, Malang, mulai April - September2010. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh mepiquatkhlorida dan paclobutrazol serta pupuk N terhadap karakteristik morfologidaun dan infestasi A. biguttula pada tiga galur/varietas kapas. Perlakuanterdiri atas bioregulator sebagai petak utama, yaitu: (1) mepiquat khlorida,(2) paclobutrazol, dan (3) tanpa bioregulator (kontrol). Sebagai anak petakdigunakan dua dosis pupuk N, yaitu: (1) 90 kg N/ha dan (2) 120 kg N/ha.Sedangkan anak-anak petaknya adalah dua galur baru kapas, yaitu: (1)99022/1 dan (2) 99023/5, dan (3) Kanesia 8. Penelitian menggunakanrancangan petak terbagi dua kali (split-split plot) dengan tiga kali ulangan.Parameter yang diamati untuk mengetahui pengaruh perlakuan terhadapkarakteristik morfologi daun adalah: panjang tulang daun, kerapatan danpanjang bulu pada tulang daun dan lamina daun, sedangkan terhadapinfestasi A. biguttula dilakukan pengamatan jumlah nimfa pada tanaman dilapang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak ditemukan interaksiantar perlakuan yang diaplikasikan, pengaruh bioregulator dan pupuk Npada tanaman kapas menyebabkan perubahan karakteristik morfologi daun.Mepiquat khlorida dan paclobutrazol dapat memperpendek tulang daunsekitar 4,0-6,6% dan meningkatkan kerapatan bulu pada tulang daun danlamina daun masing-masing sebesar 10-11% dan 4,0-8,7% dibandingdengan kontrol. Pemberian pupuk N dengan dosis 120 kg N/hamengurangi kerapatan bulu pada tulang daun dan lamina masing-masingsebesar 8,9% dan 9,7%. Penggunaan mepiquat khlorida dan paclobutrazolmenurunkan jumlah nimfa A. biguttula instar kecil (4,9%) maupun instarbesar (0,31%) dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Pemberian pupuk N padadosis 120 kg N/ha meningkatkan jumlah nimfa A. biguttula instar kecilmaupun besar masing-masing sebesar 4,5% dan 21,3% dari jumlah nimfapada perlakuan dosis 90 kg N/ha. Galur 99022/1 dan 99023/5 mempunyaikerapatan bulu pada lamina daun lebih tinggi (288,06 dan 253,50helai/cm 2 ) dibanding pada Kanesia 8 (248,28 helai/cm 2 ). Jumlah nimfa A.biguttula instar kecil pada kedua galur (99022/1 dan 99023/5) rata-ratalebih rendah (6,37 dan 6,63 ekor/5 tanaman) dibanding pada Kanesia 8(6,87 ekor/5 tanaman). Implikasi dari penelitian ini adalah (a) pemilihangalur harapan atau varietas kapas dapat didasarkan pada morfologi daun(kerapatan bulu pada lamina daun), (b) kombinasi antar penggunaan pupukN sesuai rekomendasi dan bioregulator dapat pula menurunkan serangan A.biguttula.</p><p>Kata kunci: Gossypium hirsutum, bioregulator, mepiquat khlorida,paclobutrazol, Amrasca biguttula, instar, nimfa, galur,varietas, lamina daun</p><p>ABSTRACT</p><p>Effects of bioregulator and nitrogen fertilizer onmorphological characters of cotton leaf and Amrascabiguttula infestation</p><p>Up to now effective method for controlling cotton jassid (A.biguttula) has not been available yet. Resistant varieties so far can be usedto reduce the cotton jassid infestation. Cotton plant usually needs nitrogenfertilizer for optimal growth but sometimes the dosage used is higher thanrecommendation. In certain case bioregulator was applied to limit thevegetative growth. As known nitrogen fertilizer and bioregulatorassociated with insect pest infestation. Study on effects of bioregulator(mepiquat chloride and pachlobutrazole) and nitrogen fertilizer onmorphological characters of cotton leaf and A. biguttula infestation wasconducted at Experimental Station of Indonesian Tobacco and Fiber CropsResearch Institute (IToFCRI) at Karangploso from April to October 2010.The objective of the study was to find out the effects of mepiquat chloride,pachlobutrazole, and nitrogen fertilizer on morphological characters ofcotton leaf and A. biguttula infestation. Treatments consisted of threefactors. Factor A : bioregulator (mepiquat chloride, paclobutrazole, andcontrol), factor B : dosage of nitrogen (N) fertilizer (90 and 120 kg/ha),and factor C : cotton cultivar/variety (99022/1; 99023/5; and Kanesia 8).The experiment was arranged using split-split plot with three replicates.Data recorded were mid vein length, hair density on mid vein and lamina,hair length on lamina, and number of A. biguttula nymph. Results showedthat application of bioregulator and N fertilizer altered some morpho-logical characters of cotton leaf. Mepiquat chloride and paclobutrazoleshortened mid vein length by 4.0-6.6%, increased hair density of both midvein and leaf lamina by 10-11% and 4.0-8.7%, respectively, whencompared to control. When applied 120 kg/ha, N fertilizer decreased hairdensity on mid vein by 8.9% and leaf lamina by 9.7% compared to lowerdosage (90 kg N/ha). When compared to control, application of mepiquatchloride dan paclobutrazole reduced number of both small instar (4.9%)and big instar (0.31%) of A. biguttula nymph. Higher dosage (120 kg/ha)of N fertilizer increased population of small and big nymphs of A.biguttula by 4.5 and 21.3%, respectively, compared to lower one (90kg/ha). Leaf hair density was higher on cultivar 99022/1 (288.06hairs/cm 2 ) and 99023/5 (253.50 hairs/cm 2 )than that of Kanesia 8 (248.28hairs/cm 2 ). Nymph population of small instar was lower on 99022/1 and99023/5 (6.37 and 6.63 nymphs) compared to Kanesia 8 (6.87 nymphs).The implication of the reseach is the selection of cotton accession is basedon the morphology of cotton leaf, combined with the use of recommendedN fertilizer and paclobutrazole.</p><p>Key words: Gossypium hirsutum, bioregulator, mepiquat chloride,paclobutrazole, Amrasca biguttula, variety, cultivar, nymph,instar, lamina</p>

scholarly journals PENGARUH KERAPATAN BULU DAUN PADA TANAMAN KAPAS TERHADAP KOLONISASI Bemisia tabaci GENNADIUS

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
I G.A.A. INDRAYANI ◽  
EMY SULISTYOWATI
Keyword(s):  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Cotton Leaf ◽  
Trichome Density ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Cotton Whitefly

<p>ABSTRACT<br />Ketahanan tanaman terhadap serangga hama berdasarkan karakter<br />morfologi bulu (trichom) pada daun merupakan salah satu cara potensial<br />mengurangi penggunaan insektisida kimia dalam pengendalian hama.<br />Serangga hama pengisap Bemisia tabaci pada tanaman kapas juga dapat<br />dikendalikan dengan menggunakan varietas kapas resisten berdasarkan<br />karakter morfologi bulu daun. Penelitian peranan kerapatan bulu daun<br />pada tanaman kapas terhadap kolonisasi B. tabaci Gennadius dilakukan di<br />Kebun Percobaan Pasirian, Kabupaten Lumajang, dan di Laboratorium<br />Entomologi Balai Penelitian Tanaman Tembakau dan Serat Malang, mulai<br />April hingga Juli 2005. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui<br />peranan kerapatan bulu daun pada beberapa aksesi plasma nutfah kapas<br />terhadap kolonisasi B. tabaci. Perlakuan terdiri atas 11 aksesi plasma<br />nutfah kapas yang dipilih berdasarkan penilaian visual pada karakter<br />kerapatan bulu daun yang mewakili kerapatan bulu rendah hingga tinggi,<br />yaitu: (1) KK-3 (KI 638), (2) Kanesia 1 (KI 436), (3) A/35 Reba P 279 (KI<br />257), (4) Acala 1517 (KI 174), (5) Asembagus 5/A/1 (KI 162), (6) 619-<br />998xLGS-10-77-3-1 (KI 76), (7) DP Acala 90 (KI 23), (8) TAMCOT SP<br />21 (KI 6)), (9) Kanesia 8 (KI 677), (10) CTX-8 (KI 494), dan (11) CTX-1<br />(KI 487). Penelitian disusun dalam rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan<br />10 ulangan. Paramater yang diamati adalah jumlah bulu daun, telur dan<br />nimfa pada 1 cm2 luas daun, serta jumlah imago B. tabaci pada daun<br />ketiga dari atas tanaman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kerapatan<br />bulu daun berkorelasi positif dengan kolonisasi B. tabaci (R=0,9701).<br />Semakin tinggi kerapatan bulu daun, semakin meningkat kolonisasi B.<br />tabaci. Kolonisasi B. tabaci lebih tinggi pada CTX-1, CTX-8, Kanesia 8,<br />dan KK-3 (150-250 individu/cm 2 luas daun) karena tingkat kerapatan bulu<br />daun juga lebih tinggi (150-300 helai/cm 2 luas daun) dibanding TAMCOT<br />SP 21, DP Acala 90, 619-998xLGS-10-77-3-1, Asembagus 5/A/1, Acala<br />1517, A/35 Reba P 279, dan Kanesia 1 yang memiliki kerapatan bulu daun<br />(0-100 helai/cm 2 luas daun) dan tingkat kolonisasi B. tabaci (&lt;100<br />individu/cm 2 luas daun) lebih rendah.<br />Kata kunci : Kapas, Gossypium hirsutum, plasma nutfah, hama, Bemisia<br />tabaci, trichom, kolonisasi, Jawa Timur</p><p><br />ABSTRACT<br />Role of trichome density of cotton leaf to colonization of<br />Bemisia tabaci Gennadius<br />Trichome-based host plant resistance offers the potential to reduce<br />chemical insecticides used in insect pest control. Cotton whitefly, Bemisia<br />tabaci can be controlled by using resistant variety based on trichome<br />density as plant morphological characteristics. The study on the role of<br />trichome density of cotton accessions on the colonization of B. tabaci was<br />carried out at Pasirian Experimental Station at Lumajang, and at<br />Entomology Laboratory of Indonesian Tobacco and Fiber Crops Research<br />Institute (IToFCRI ) in Malang from April to July 2005. Treatments<br />included 11 cotton accessions, viz. (1) KK-3 (KI 638), (2) Kanesia 1 (KI<br />436), (3) A/35 Reba P 279 (KI 257), (4) Acala 1517 (KI 174), (5)<br />Asembagus 5/A/1 (KI 162), (6) 619-998xLGS-10-77-3-1 (KI 76), (7) DP<br />Acala 90 (KI 23), (8) TAMCOT SP 21 (KI 6)), (9) Kanesia 8 (KI 677),<br />(10) CTX-8 (KI 494), and (11) CTX-1 (KI 487). The experiment was<br />arranged in completely randomized design with ten replications.<br />Parameters observed were trichome density, number of eggs and nymphs<br />on one cm2 of leaf and adult of B. tabaci on 3rd highest leaf of cotton<br />plant. The result showed that trichome density was positively correlated<br />with B. tabaci colonization (R=0,9701) in which higher trichome density<br />of cotton leaf has resulted in great colonization of B. tabaci. Bemisia<br />tabaci colonisation was higher on CTX-1, CTX-8, Kanesia 8, and KK-3<br />(150-250 individu/cm2 of leaf) due to dense trichome (150-300<br />trichomes/cm2 leaf) as compared with other accessions, viz. TAMCOT<br />SP 21, DP Acala 90, 619-998xLGS-10-77-3-1, Asembagus 5/A/1, Acala<br />1517, A/35 Reba P 279, and Kanesia 1 which showed less density of leaf<br />trichome (0-100 trichomes/cm2 of leaf) and B. tabaci colonization (&lt; 100<br />individu/cm2 of leaf).<br />Key words : Cotton, Gossypium hirsutum, cotton accession, pest,<br />Bemisia tabaci, trichome, colonization</p>

scholarly journals Ketahanan Plasma Nutfah Kapas terhadap Hama Pengisap Daun, Amrasca biguttula (ISHIDA)

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
IGAA. Indrayani ◽  
Siwi Sumartini
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Cotton Leaf ◽  
Hair Density ◽  
Plant Damage ◽  
Plot Size ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Action Threshold ◽  
Population Threshold

<p>Resistance of Cotton Germplasms Against Sucking Insect Pest, Amrasca biguttula (ISHIDA). IGAA. Indrayani and Siwi Sumartini. Morphological characteristics of cotton leaf have an important role on the resistance against sucking insect pest. Among the characters, leaf hair density is the most important in preventing the attack of sucking insect and it can be used to identify the resistance of cotton germplasms against sucking insect pest, A. biguttula. Study on resistance of cotton germplasms against sucking insect pest, A. biguttula (Ishida) was carried out at Asembagus Experimental Station of Indonesian Tobacco and Fiber Crops Research Institute (IToFCRI) in Malang from January to December 2009. The objective of study was to find out resistant cotton germplasms to A. biguttula. Fifty accessions of cotton germplasm were used as treatment and arranged in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications. Plot size used was 10 m x 3 m that consists of two rows of tested accession and one row of Tamcot SP 37 as an atractant plant for A. biguttula. Parameters observed were leaf hair density, length of hair, population of A. biguttula nymph, and plant damage. Cotton accessions with higher hair density and length of leaf hair significantly reduced the frequency of action threshold population of A. biguttula and plant damage. Eleven cotton accessions, viz., SATU 65; VAR 78443; Sukothai 14; GM5U/4/2; Samir 730; L1; L4 x Rex/1; Paymaster 404; ISA 205B; Albar 72B; dan Tashkent 2 were showed more resistant to A. biguttula because of higher leaf hair density (121-360 hairs/cm2), lower nymph population (0-2 times of population threshold) and lower damage score (1.0-1.8). These cotton accessions could be promising to be genetic resources of resistance to sucking insect pest, A. biguttula.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Karakteristik morfologi daun kapas mempunyai peran penting pada ketahanan terhadap hama pengisap. Di antara sifat morfologi tersebut, kerapatan bulu daun sangat berperan dalam menghambat serangan pengisap sehingga sifat ini dapat digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi aksesi kapas yang tahan A. biguttula. Penelitian ketahanan aksesi kapas terhadap hama pengisap, A. biguttula dilakukan di KP. Asembagus Balai Penelitian Tanaman Tembakau dan Serat mulai Januari hingga Desember 2009. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan aksesi kapas tahan A. biguttula. Sebanyak 50 aksesi kapas digunakaan sebagai perlakuan yang masing-masing disusun dalam Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan tiga kali ulangan. Ukuran petak adalah 10 m x 3 m yang terdiri atas 2 baris aksesi yang diuji dan 1 baris Tamcot SP 37 sebagai tanaman penarik A. biguttula. Parameter yang diamati adalah kerapatan (jumlah) bulu daun, panjang bulu daun, populasi nimfa A. biguttula, dan skor kerusakan tanaman. Aksesi dengan kerapatan bulu daun yang tinggi dan berbulu panjang secara nyata menurunkan frekuensi pencapaian populasi ambang kendali dan kerusakan tanaman. Sebelas aksesi kapas dengan jumlah bulu berkisar 121-360 helai/cm2, populasi nimfa rendah (frekuensi ambang rendah, 0-2 kali) dan skor kerusakan rendah (1,0-1,8) adalah SATU 65; VAR 78443; Sukothai 14; GM5U/4/2; Samir 730; L1; L4 x Rex/1; Paymaster 404; ISA 205B; Albar 72B; dan Tashkent 2. Aksesi ini berpotensi sebagai materi genetik untuk ketahanan terhadap A. biguttula.</p>

scholarly journals PENGARUH VARIETAS DAN POLA TANAM KAPAS TERHADAP KELIMPAHAN POPULASI PREDATOR HAMA PENGISAP DAUN Amrasca biguttula (ISHIDA)

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
IGAA. INDRAYANI ◽  
NURINDAH NURINDAH ◽  
SUJAK SUJAK
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Laboratory Study ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Cropping Pattern ◽  
Cotton Variety ◽  
Split Plot ◽  
Insect Predator ◽  
Insect Predators

ABSTRAK<br />Penanaman varietas tahan hama adalah salah satu cara pengendalian<br />serangga hama pengisap daun, A. biguttula, yang telah diadopsi petani<br />kapas di Indonesia. Penggunaan varietas tahan hama cukup efektif<br />menekan serangan hama pengisap ini. Namun demikian, peluang adanya<br />cara pengendalian alternatif patut dipertimbangkan, misalnya memanfaat-<br />kan faktor mortalitas biotik A. biguttula, seperti musuh alami. Penelitian<br />pengaruh varietas dan pola tanam kapas terhadap perkembangan populasi<br />predator hama pengisap daun A. biguttula telah dilakukan di Kebun<br />Percobaan Asembagus, Situbondo, dan di laboratorium Entomologi Balai<br />Penelitian Tanaman Tembakau dan Serat di Malang, mulai Januari sampai<br />Desember 2005. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh<br />perbedaan varietas dan pola tanam kapas terhadap perkembangan predator<br />A. biguttula. Perlakuan terdiri atas dua faktor, yaitu faktor I adalah varietas<br />kapas dengan tingkat ketahanan terhadap A. biguttula berbeda-beda, yaitu:<br />(1) TAMCOT SP37 (peka), (2) Kanesia 7 (moderat), dan (3) LRA 5166<br />(tahan). Faktor II adalah pola tanam kapas, yaitu: (1) monokultur, dan (2)<br />tumpangsari dengan kedelai. Setiap perlakuan disusun secara faktorial<br />dengan rancangan petak terbagi (Split Plot) dengan tiga kali ulangan.<br />Parameter pengamatannya adalah populasi nimfa A. biguttula dan<br />predator. Di laboratorium dilakukan uji pemangsaan terhadap predator<br />terpilih dengan cara memberi umpan nimfa A. biguttula untuk mengetahui<br />kemampuannya memangsa per hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa<br />perbedaan tingkat ketahanan varietas terhadap A. biguttula mempengaruhi<br />perkembangan populasi kompleks predator. Lebih banyak predator<br />ditemukan pada TAMCOT SP37 dan Kanesia 7 dibanding pada LRA<br />5166. Sedangkan perbedaan pola tanam tidak menyebabkan perbedaan<br />populasi predator. Kapas monokultur maupun tumpangsari dapat<br />menyediakan lingkungan ideal bagi perkembangan kompleks predator.<br />Laba-laba dan Paederus sp. adalah predator yang populasinya lebih<br />dominan  dibanding  predator lainnya.  Pada uji  pemangsaan di<br />laboratorium, Paederus sp. mampu memangsa 15-25 nimfa A. biguttula<br />instar kecil dan 10-20 instar besar, sedangkan laba-laba per hari<br />memangsa 2-12 nimfa A. biguttula instar kecil dan besar.<br />Kata kunci: Kapas, Gossypium hirsutum, hama, Amrasca biguttula,<br />Paederus sp., nimfa, mortalitas biotik, varietas, pola tanam,<br />Jawa Timur<br />ABSTRACT<br />Effect of variety and cropping pattern of cotton on<br />population density of insect predator Amrasca biguttula<br />(Ishida)<br />Planting resistant variety of cotton is one of cultural method for<br />controlling sucking insect pest, A. biguttula. This method has widely been<br />applied by cotton farmers in Indonesia. Nevertheless, alternative control<br />should also be found to obtain better control of this pest, e.g. biological<br />control by using parasitoids and predators. Study on effect of variety and<br />cropping pattern of cotton to population density of insect predator of A.<br />biguttula was carried out at Asembagus Experimental Station and in<br />Entomology Laboratory of Indonesian Tobacco and Fiber Crops Institute<br />in Malang from January to December 2005. The objective of study was to<br />study the effect of variety and cropping pattern of cotton to population<br />density of insect predators. Treatment consists of two factors. The first<br />factor was cotton variety based on resistance to A. biguttula, viz.<br />TAMCOT SP37, Kanesia 7, and LRA 5166 known susceptible,<br />intermediate, and resistant to A. biguttula, respectively. The second factor<br />was cropping system with monoculture and intercropping with soybean.<br />Each treatments was arranged in Split Plot Design with three replications.<br />Parameter observed in field study were population of A. biguttula and its<br />predators. While, the laboratory study was to find out the daily prey<br />ability of selected predator by baiting nymph of A. biguttula.<br />The result showed that difference resistance of cotton variety<br />influenced the population density of insect predator. More insect predators<br />were found on TAMCOT SP37 and Kanesia 7 compared to LRA 5166,<br />while the density of insect predator was not affected by different cropping<br />pattern and it was due to the patterns provided better environment for<br />insect predator development. Spider and Paederus sp. were the dominant<br />insect predators found in the field because their population higher than<br />those other predators. Laboratory study showed that Paederus sp. preyed<br />15-25 younger and 10-20 older instar of nymph per day, while spider ate<br />2-12 nymphs of both age of A. biguttula per day.<br />Key words: Cotton, Gossypium hirsutum, pest, Amrasca biguttula,<br />Paederus sp., nymph, biotic mortality, variety, cropping<br />pattern, East Java

scholarly journals KEMAJUAN GENETDX PADA DUA VARIETAS BARU KAPAS, KANESIA 8 DAN KANESIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
. HASNAM ◽  
EMY SULISTYOWATI ◽  
SIWI SUMARTINI ◽  
FITRINTNGDYAH TRI KADARWATI ◽  
PRIMA D. RIAJAYA
Keyword(s):  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Fiber Strength ◽  
Fiber Quality ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Leaf Damage ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Good Tolerance ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
South Sulawesi

<p>Tujuan utama pemuliaan kapas di Indonesia adalah meningkatkan produktivitas dan kualitas serat dalam upaya meningkatkan pendapatan petani dan memperbaiki mutu benang tcnun seta kualitas tekstil yang harus bersaing di pasar internasional. Scjumlah enam persilangan telah dilakukan antara dua varietas dai India. I.RA 5166 dan SRT-1 dengan dua varietas dai Amerika Serikat, Dcltapine 55 dan Deltapinc Acala 90 dan satu vaietas dai Australia, Siokra. Seleksi individu, seleksi galur dan seleksi individu dalam galur dilaksanakan pada generasi F2 sampai F5 berdasarkan jumlah buah, tingkat kerusakan daun terhadap Sundapteryx biguttula. dan mutu serat; semua proses di atas dilakukan pada kondisi lahan tadah hujan, dan tanpa penggunaan insektisida terhadap tanaman; dari proses di atas diperoleh 12 galur harapan. Sejumlah 13 percobaan dilakukan antara tahun 1993 sampai dengan 2001 untuk mengamati kcragaan galur-galur baru tersebut; pengujian dilakukan di Jawa Timur dan Sulawesi Selatan, menggunakan teknik-teknik penelitian standar. Dengan proscdur ini dapat diidcntifikasi beberapa galur yang menunjuk¬ kan perbaikan serenlak hasil dan kualitas serat kapas. Beberapa penelitian juga dilakukan untuk mcngcvaluasi tanggap galur-galur tersebut pada tumpangsari dengan kedelai dan kacang hijau di Jawa Timur. Dua galur, 88003/16/2 dan 92016/6 (sudah dilepas dengan nama vaietas Kanesia 8 dan Kanesia 9 pada bulan Juni 2003), menunjukkan produktivitas dan kualitas serai yang lebih linggi. Rata-rata, kedua vaietas menghasilkan 1.85 ton dan 191 ton kapas berbiji per hektar atau 8-12% lebih tinggi dai hasil vaietas Kanesia 7 yang sudah dilepas sebelumnya. Persentase serat 35.2%, kekuatan serat berkisar antara 22.6-24.7 gram tex'1, serat lebih panjang dan berkisar 29.2-30.3 mm sedangkan angka mikroncr lebih rendah yang menyatakan bahwa serat lebih halus. Semua perbaikan di atas menunjukkan perbaikan mutu serat. Kanesia 8 dan Kanesia 9 juga menunjukkan peningkatan ketahanan terhadap Sundapteryx biguttula dan komplcks hama kapas. Kanesia 8 dan Kanesia 9 kurang kompctitif dalam tumpang sari dengan kedelai jika dibandingkan dengan Kanesia 7. Pada tumpang sari dengan kacang hijau Kanesia 8 juga mengalami kehilangan hasil yang tinggi, sedangkan Kanesia 9 menunjukkan toleransi yang tinggi dalam kompctisi dengan kacang hijau. Pelepasan Kanesia 8 dan Kanesia 9 akan memberikan pilihan varietas yang lebih banyak bagi petani dan perusahaan pemintalan untuk menyesuaikan dengan produk akhirnya.</p><p>Kata kunci : Gossypium hirsutum, prosedur pemuliaan, produktivitas, kualitas serat, Sundapteryx biguttula, tumpangsari</p><p> </p><p><strong>ABSTRACT </strong></p><p><strong>Genetic improvement on two new cotton varieties, Kanesia 8 and Kanesia 9</strong></p><p>The main objective of cotton breeding in Indonesia is to improve productivity and fiber quality which is aimed to increase farmers' income and to make beter yam and textile quality that has to compete in international market Six crosses were made between two Indian varieties, LRA 5166 and SRT-1 with two USA vaieties, Deltapine 55 and Deltapinc Acala 90 and one Australian variety, Siokra. Individual plants, lines and individual within lines were selected on F2-F5 generations based on boll- counts, leaf-damage by jassids and fiber traits, those were conducted under rainfed and insecticide-ree condition; twelve promising lines were produced from this process. A total of 13 trials were carried out to observe performance of these new lines during 1993 to 2001; those were located in East Java and South Sulawesi using the standardized experimental techniques. By these procedures make it possible to identify several breeding lines showing simultaneous improvement in yield and fiber quality. Several tests were also made to evaluate response of those lines under intercropping with soybean and mungbean, which were located in East Java. Two breeding lines, 88003/16/2 and 92016/6 (those have been released as Kanesia 8 and Kanesia 9 in 2003), showed higher productivity and fiber quality. In average, these new vaieties produced 1.85 and 1.91 ton ha'1 seed cotton respectively or 8 to 12% higher than those on Kanesia 7, the previously released vaiety. Lint turn-out was 35.2% fiber-strength was varied from 22.6 to 24.7 gram tex'1 , fiber lengths ranged from 29.2 to 30.3 mm with lower micronaire-valucs indicating better fiber-ineness. All of those improvements represented a trend toward a higher quality iber. Kanesia 8 and Kanesia 9 also showed a slight improvement in resistance to jasssids and insect pest-complex. Kanesia 8 and Kanesia 9 performed lower competitive ability under intercropping with soybean in comparison with Kanesia 7. Under intercropping with mungbean Kanesia 8 also suffered high yield loss, wherein Kanesia 9 showed good tolerance to mungbean. The release of Kanesia 8 and Kanesia 9 is expected to give a broader choice for the cotton growers and spinning-mills to match with their inal product.</p><p>Key words: Coton (Gossypium hirsutum), breeding procedure, productivity, liber quality, Sundapteryx bigullul. inter¬ cropping.</p>

Effects of foliar applied nitrogen fertilizer on cotton waterlogged in a cracking grey clay

1987 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 681 ◽  
Author(s):  
AS Hodgson ◽  
DA MacLeod
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Furrow Irrigation ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
The Third ◽  
Foliar N ◽  
Waterlogging Treatment ◽  
Applied Nitrogen

Foliar-applied nitrogen (N) fertilizer was investigated as a means of ameliorating the damage to cotton of waterlogging associated with extended furrow irrigation of a cracking grey clay. Dissolved urea was applied at 0, 5, 10 and 20 kg N ha-1 to the cotton foliage one day before furrow irrigations lasting 4, 8, 16 and 32 h. Treatments were repeated at three crop irrigations. Storms following the first two irrigations delayed the recovery from waterlogging and reduced treatment differences. However, foliar-applied N significantly increased late square and green boll numbers after the third irrigation, and produced more open bolls and heavier lint yields than the control treatment at harvest. Lint yields increased by 2.8, 5.9, 8.4 and up to 10.5 kg ha-1 per kg of foliar N applied before irrigations lasting 4, 8, 16 and 32 h, respectively. From this interaction it was concluded that foliar-applied N ameliorated the effects of waterlogging. Nevertheless, in the most severe waterlogging treatment, yield response to foliar N reached a limit, indicating that some other factor had become limiting.

Engineering cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) for resistance to cotton leaf curl disease using viral truncated AC1 DNA sequences

Virus Genes ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 286-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamil A. Hashmi ◽  
Yusuf Zafar ◽  
Muhammad Arshad ◽  
Shahid Mansoor ◽  
Shaheen Asad
Keyword(s):  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Cotton Leaf ◽  
Gossypium Hirsutum L ◽  
Cotton Leaf Curl Disease ◽  
Leaf Curl Disease ◽  
Leaf Curl

EFFECT OF TYPE, RATE AND INCORPORATION OF LIME AND OF NITROGEN FERTILIZER AND GYPSUM ON MOVEMENT OF LIME IN SOIL COLUMNS

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 757-762
Author(s):  
P. B. HOYT ◽  
B. G. DROUGHT ◽  
G. H. NEILSEN ◽  
E. HOGUE
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Deionized Water ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Soil Columns ◽  
Downward Movement ◽  
Type Rate

Soil columns were used to study downward movement of calcite and dolomite applied at two rates on the soil surface or incorporated 0–5 cm deep in combinations with gypsum and surface-applied N fertilizer. The columns were irrigated with 800 mm of deionized water applied over 3 wk. Incorporation of the liming materials greatly accelerated their downward movement in soil. Calcite and dolomite were equally effective in raising soil pH at the lower depths. Neither gypsum nor fertilizer nor doubling the liming rate had much effect on lime movement. Key words: Lime movement, calcite, dolomite, gypsum

Association between Alternaria macrospora and Alternaria alternata, causal agents of cotton leaf blight

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (12) ◽  
pp. 2603-2607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoav Bashan ◽  
Hanna Levanony ◽  
Reuven Or
Keyword(s):  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Gossypium Barbadense ◽  
Cotton Leaf ◽  
Optimal Dosage ◽  
Alternaria Blight ◽  
Cotton Species ◽  
Infested Field ◽  
Blight Disease

The association between Alternaria macrospora and Alternaria alternata, responsible for the development of alternaria blight disease in cotton, was evaluated in artificially inoculated greenhouse plants and in naturally infested field plants. When greenhouse plants were inoculated with suboptimal doses of both pathogens (< 1.2 × 104 spores/mL) infection was greater than when separately inoculated by each pathogen at optimal dosage. In field-grown, naturally infected plants (Gossypium barbadense), both pathogens were found together in more than 40% of the plants. A second field-grown cotton species (Gossypium hirsutum) exhibited infection mainly by either A. alternata or both pathogens together. When both cotton species were naturally infected by both pathogens together, the number of A. alternata spores (either airborne or on the leaf surface) was greater than that of A. macrospora. We propose that A. macrospora together with A. alternata create a disease composite responsible for alternaria blight symptoms in cotton. Key words: Alternaria, cotton diseases, Gossypium barbadense, Gossypium hirsutum.

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