scholarly journals Major Inflammatory Markers and Their Significance in Predicting Severity of COVID-19 Disease Pattern

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 488-492
Author(s):  
Abdullah Aedh ◽  
Ali Hajri ◽  
Abdulaziz Alshahrani ◽  
Mohammed Adam ◽  
Abubaker Dahab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Immunological Parameters ◽  
Oxygen Saturation Level ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Disease Prognosis ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Disease Pattern ◽  
The Individual ◽  
D Dimer

The unanticipated outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has shocked the world in terms of both lives and livelihood. SARS-CoV-2 virus primarily affects the respiratory system, although other organ systems are also involved. Early diagnosis followed up by a retrospective analysis and tracking of a few markers relevant to the immunological status of the individual may aid in determining the state of the patient's disease prognosis. The aim of the present study was to evaluate immunological parameters such as neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), C-reactive protein (CRP), and D-dimer, taking into account the patient's age and oxygen saturation level. Our retrospective analysis of clinical data revealed that such parameters as CRP, D-dimer, and NLR should be taken into consideration to predict severe COVID-19-related complications. The data obtained indicate that patients over age 60 are especially vulnerable to severe COVID-19.

scholarly journals Імунологічний статус пацієнтів із переломами щелеп на тлі генералізованого пародонтиту

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. L. Bandrivsky ◽  
O. O. Bandrivska ◽  
K. O. Dutko
Keyword(s):  
Phagocytic Index ◽  
Maxillofacial Injuries ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Immunological Parameters ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Cellular Factors ◽  
Jaw Fractures ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
The Individual

Prevention, diagnosis and treatment of lesions of the maxillofacial area is one of the most urgent modern medical and social problems, the signifi cance of which is determined by the constant increase in the frequency of maxillofacial injuries, which averages from 6.0 to 16.4 % of all traumas of peacetime.The aim of the study – to learn the individual immunological parameters in patients with fractures of the jaws against the background of generalized periodontitis.Materials and Methods. The article presents the analysis of individual parameters of cellular factors (phagocytic index, phagocytic count, phagocytosis completeness, NK-cells) and humoral immunity (total protein, globulin fractions, albumin, C-reactive protein, titre of lysozyme, immunoglobulins A, G, M) in serum in patients with jaw fractures on the background of generalized periodontitis (GP) (group A) and in patients with traumatic jaw lesions without periodontal tissue pathology (group B). The obtained values were compared with the data of the average norm.Results and Discussion. Investigation of changes in cellular factors of congenital immunity was performed in 45 patients with fractures of the jaws against the background of generalized periodontitis II-III stages (group A) and 41 patients with jaw fractures without concomitant periodontal pathology (group B). The obtained results were compared with the data of the average norm. The obtained results were processed statistically.Conclusions. As a result of the studies of the main parts of non-specifi c immunity in patients with jaw fractures, certain violations of humoral and cellular factors, which manifested themselves both in decreasing and dangerous increase of most of the studied parameters, were found, and in the patients with traumatic jaw lesions on the background of GP this tendency was worn more pronounced character.

scholarly journals The C-Reactive Protein +1444C/T Alteration Modulates the Inflammation and Coagulation Response in Human Endotoxemia

2006 ◽  
Vol 52 (10) ◽  
pp. 1952-1957 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Marsik ◽  
Raute Sunder-Plassmann ◽  
Bernd Jilma ◽  
Florian M Kovar ◽  
Christine Mannhalter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Bed Rest ◽  
Individual Response ◽  
Protective Agent ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Prothrombin Fragment ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Lps Challenge ◽  
The Individual ◽  
D Dimer

Abstract Background: C-reactive protein (CRP) plays a major role in the immune system and is an independent risk marker of cardiovascular disease. However, CRP’s role in atherogenesis as innocent bystander, causative, or even protective agent, remains unresolved. The +1444C/T alteration in the CRP gene has been reported to determine basal CRP concentrations. We hypothesized that this alteration may also be associated with the degree of inflammatory response and coagulation activation in a well-standardized model of systemic inflammation. Methods: We administered 2 ng/kg endotoxin [Escherichia coli bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)] intravenously to stimulate inflammation in 91 healthy young Caucasian male paid volunteers (age range, 19–40 years). Participants were confined to bed rest and fasted for 8.5 h after LPS infusion. We collected blood samples before LPS infusion and at 0, 2, 6, and 24 h after LPS infusion to measure inflammation markers [interleukin 6 (IL6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα)], temperature, and coagulation markers (prothrombin fragment F1+2, D-dimer). We analyzed the CRP 3′ untranslated variant with a mutagenic separated PCR assay. Results: Basal concentrations of high-sensitivity CRP were ∼40% lower in +1444CC alteration carriers than in T homozygous (TT) allele carriers (P = 0.04). In contrast, basal IL6 concentrations were 2-fold higher in wild-type C homozygous (CC) than in TT individuals (P = 0.01). In response to the LPS challenge, CC individuals had 4-fold higher peak TNFα concentrations (P <0.01), >2.5-fold higher peak IL6 concentrations (P <0.01), and increased temperature (P <0.01). Twenty-four hours after LPS challenge, prothrombin fragment F1+2 concentrations were 75% higher and D-dimer concentrations 50% higher in CC than in TT individuals (P <0.05). Conclusions: Genetic factors regulating CRP concentrations also modulate the individual response to endotoxin-stimulated inflammation.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Tocilizumab Therapy in Different Subtypes of COVID-19 Cytokine Storm Syndrome

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1067
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Oliynyk ◽  
Wojciech Barg ◽  
Anna Slifirczyk ◽  
Yanina Oliynyk ◽  
Vitaliy Gurianov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Macrophage Activation Syndrome ◽  
Macrophage Activation ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
Cytokine Release ◽  
Cytokine Release Syndrome ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Treatment Results ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Median Serum ◽  
D Dimer

Background: Cytokine storm in COVID-19 is heterogenous. There are at least three subtypes: cytokine release syndrome (CRS), macrophage activation syndrome (MAS), and sepsis. Methods: A retrospective study comprising 276 patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. All patients were tested for ferritin, interleukin-6, D-Dimer, fibrinogen, calcitonin, and C-reactive protein. According to the diagnostic criteria, three groups of patients with different subtypes of cytokine storm syndrome were identified: MAS, CRS or sepsis. In the MAS and CRS groups, treatment results were assessed depending on whether or not tocilizumab was used. Results: MAS was diagnosed in 9.1% of the patients examined, CRS in 81.8%, and sepsis in 9.1%. Median serum ferritin in patients with MAS was significantly higher (5894 vs. 984 vs. 957 ng/mL, p < 0.001) than in those with CRS or sepsis. Hypofibrinogenemia and pancytopenia were also observed in MAS patients. In CRS patients, a higher mortality rate was observed among those who received tocilizumab, 21 vs. 10 patients (p = 0.043), RR = 2.1 (95% CI 1.0–4.3). In MAS patients, tocilizumab decreased the mortality, 13 vs. 6 patients (p = 0.013), RR = 0.50 (95% CI 0.25–0.99). Сonclusions: Tocilizumab therapy in patients with COVID-19 and CRS was associated with increased mortality, while in MAS patients, it contributed to reduced mortality.

Role of C-reactive protein, D-dimer, and fibrinogen levels in the differential diagnosis of central and peripheral vertigo

2007 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 1068-1077 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emine Akinci ◽  
Gulbin Aygencel ◽  
Ayfer Keles ◽  
Ahmet Demircan ◽  
Fikret Bildik
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Peripheral Vertigo ◽  
D Dimer

The role of IL-6 receptor inhibitor treatment in critical patient monitoring with COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Critically Ill Patients ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
D Dimer

Objectives: The COVID-19 disease can manifest itself with acute respiratory distress syndrome, renal failure, and septic shock in critically ill patients. There are opinions that there is a correlation between high IL-6 levels and disease severity. In our intensive care unit, we evaluated the changes in the laboratory data and radiological involvement severity of our patients who underwent tocilizumab treatment and examined the appropriate laboratory parameter in the treatment follow-up and its effect on survival. Methods: In the critical patient follow-up of COVID-19, 17 of the 23 patients treated with tocilizumab had a mortal course (Group 1) and the remaining 6 (Group 2) were. The C-reactive protein, lactate dehydrogenase, IL-6, D-dimer, procalcitonin, albumin, and ferritin values, which were routinely screened in our clinic on the day of tocilizumab treatment and the 5th day after, were recorded. Both the change between the two groups and the change between days 1 and 5 were analyzed. Results: A total of 23 patients (55.35 ± 13.31 years) were included in the study. The computed tomography severity score assessed at the intensive care unit admission was statistically significantly higher in Group 2. The procalcitonin and lactate dehydrogenase values measured on day 5 after tocilizumab were significantly lower in Group 2. On the 5th day after treatment, the levels of C-reactive protein, ferritin, chest X-rays, IL-6 and D-dimer statistically significantly changed compared to the first day of the treatment. In correlation with the decrease in PCT as of the 5th day after tocilizumab administration, an increasing tendency was observed in 28-day survival. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that tocilizumab treatment may positively contribute to the treatment by decreasing cytokine levels. PCT and LDH follow-up before and after treatment in critically ill patients who are receiving tocilizumab treatment can give an idea about survival.

ANTIBODY CONJUGATES WITH GOLD NANOPARTICLES AS A COMPONENT OF IMMUNOCHROMATOGRAPHIC DIAGNOSTICUMS: THE INFLUENCE OF SYNTHESIS CONDITIONS ON THE COMPOSITION AND REACTIVITY

2020 ◽  
pp. 180-181
Author(s):  
N. Byzova ◽  
A. Zherdev ◽  
B. Dzantiev
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Immunochromatographic Test ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Synthesis Conditions ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Test Systems ◽  
Antibody Conjugates ◽  
Analytical Reagents ◽  
D Dimer

A series of preparations of gold nanoparticles with diameters from 13 to 60 nm and their conjugates with antibodies (murine immunoglobulins of class G) of different composition were obtained. The composition of the conjugates and the amount of antibodies that retain their reactivity in an immobilized form are characterized. Using the example of immunochromatographic test systems for the detection of D-dimer and C-reactive protein, the effectiveness of conjugates as analytical reagents is compared.

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