COVID-19 Early Vaccination Rates and Gross Domestic Product Per Capita

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-40
Author(s):  
Deepa Dongarwar ◽  
Brisa ◽  
Sitratullah ◽  
Korede ◽  
Hamisu
Keyword(s):  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
P Value ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Public Health Response ◽  
Vaccination Rates ◽  
Creative Commons ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Relationship

Coronavirus disease – 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination is a crucial part of a multi-faceted public health response, and possibly, the best hope for ending the pandemic. In this ecological study, we examined the relationship between Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita and early vaccination rates across the world. Spearman’s correlation analysis was utilized to assess the strength and direction of the relationship between countries’ COVID-19 vaccination rates and GDP per capita. We observed that countries with high vaccination rates had higher GDP per capita (Spearman’s ƍ=0.35, p-value=0.01). Our study provides valuable insight into the association of GDP per capita and the early distribution of the COVID-19 vaccination.   Copyright © 2021 Dongarwar et al. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 4.0.

Abstract P360: Hypertension Treatment Rates And Health Worker Density: An Analysis Of Worldwide Data

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajesh Vedanthan ◽  
Mondira Ray ◽  
Valentin Fuster ◽  
Ellen Magenheim
Keyword(s):  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Health Worker ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Hypertension Treatment ◽  
Treatment Rate ◽  
Capita Gross Domestic Product ◽  
The World ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: Hypertension is the leading global risk for mortality and its prevalence is increasing in many low- and middle-income countries. Hypertension treatment rates are low worldwide, potentially in part due to insufficient human resources. However, the relationship between health worker density and hypertension treatment rates is unknown. Objective: To conduct an econometric analysis of the relationship between health worker density and hypertension treatment rates worldwide. Methods: Hypertension treatment rates were collected from published reports between 1980 and 2010. Data on health worker (physician and nurse) density were obtained from the World Health Organization (WHO). Data for potential confounding variables--per capita gross domestic product, hospital bed density, burden of infectious diseases, land area and urban population--were obtained from WHO and World Bank databases. Potential interaction by per capita gross domestic product was evaluated. Multivariable logistic-logarithmic regression analysis was performed using Stata. Results: Full data were available from 146 countries spanning all World Bank income classification categories. Health worker density was significantly associated with hypertension treatment rate in the unadjusted model (beta = 0.23; p < 0.005). In the fully adjusted model, the association remained positive but was not statistically significant (beta = 0.30; p = 0.078) (Figure). Hypertension treatment rates were more strongly related to physician than nurse density (beta = 0.21 vs 0.08; p = 0.10 vs 0.49). Conclusion: Hypertension treatment rates across the world appear to be related to health worker density, although the relationship does not achieve strict statistical significance. Our results suggest that a 10% increase in health worker density is associated with a 2-3% increase in hypertension treatment rate. Given the global burden of hypertension and other chronic diseases, WHO guidelines for health workforce staffing may need to be reconsidered.

The Loan Shark in ASEAN

2020 ◽  
pp. 252-277
Author(s):  
Khairunnisa Musari
Keyword(s):  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
The World ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Asean Countries ◽  
Loan Shark

Loan shark is a humanitarian problem faced by many countries in the world, including in Asia, even in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)'s countries. Loan shark activities are found not only in Myanmar and Cambodia, which has the lowest per capita income in ASEAN but also in Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia, Brunei, and even Singapore, which are the five countries with the highest gross domestic product (GDP) per capita in ASEAN. How are loan shark practices in ASEAN countries? Can nanofinance overcome the microfinance gap to fight the loan shark? How the practice of Bank Wakaf Mikro (BWM) in Indonesia to nanofinance with qardhul hassan contract? Find the answers in this chapter.

scholarly journals The Asymmetrical Effects of Economic Development on Consumption-based and Production-based Carbon Dioxide Emissions, 1990 to 2014

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 237802311877362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaorui Huang ◽  
Andrew K. Jorgenson
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Anthropogenic Emissions ◽  
National Data ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cross National

The authors examine the potentially asymmetrical relationship between economic development and consumption-based and production-based CO2 emissions. They decompose economic development into economic expansions and contractions, measured separately as increases and decreases in gross domestic product per capita, and examine their unique effects on emissions. Analyzing cross-national data from 1990 to 2014, the authors find no statistical evidence of asymmetry for the overall sample. However, for a sample restricted to nations with populations larger than 10 million, the authors observe a contraction-leaning asymmetry whereby the effects of economic contraction on both emissions outcomes are larger in magnitude than the effects of economic expansion. This difference in magnitude is more pronounced for consumption-based emissions than for production-based emissions. The authors provide tentative explanations for the variations in results across the different samples and emissions measures and underscore the need for more nuanced research and deeper theorization on potential asymmetry in the relationship between economic development and anthropogenic emissions.

scholarly journals Indirect costs of sickness absence caused by mental and behavioural disorders (ICD-10: F00-F99) in Poland in the years 2012-2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-38
Author(s):  
Bartosz Kobuszewski
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Sickness Absence ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Behavioural Disorders ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Per Capita

Introduction: Mental health is necessary for achieving the complete health by individuals. According to WHO, it is "a state of well-being in which every individual realizes his or her own potential, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to her or his community" (2). Unfortunately, there is an increasing number of people suffering from mental disorders that can deteriorate their life quality, lead to problems with the standard functioning in the society, a drop in productivity, and can cause disabilities. Purpose of the article: The purpose of this article was to attempt the estimation of indirect costs of sickness absence caused by mental and behavioural disorders (ICD-10: F00-F99) in Poland in the years 2012-2018. Materials and methods: Indirect costs were estimated with the human capital approach using data on sickness absence provided by the Polish Social Insurance Institution (ZUS) and macroeconomic indicators published by the Central Statistical Office in Poland (GUS). The individual productivity loss was introduced by means of three indicators: Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita, Gross Domestic Product per person employed, corrected Gross Domestic Product. Results: Estimated indirect costs of sickness absence caused by mental and behavioural disorders (ICD-10: F00-F99) in Poland in 2012 were: 1.62 billion PLN measured in terms of GDP per capita, 2.86 billion PLN measured in terms of corrected GDP per person employed, and 4.40 billion PL measured in terms of GDP per person employed. And those costs in 2018 were 2.93 billion PLN, 4.57 billion PLN, and 7.03 billion PLN respectively, and they were higher by ca. 60-80% than in 2012. Conclusions: The described estimation of indirect costs can lead to conclusions that mental health care in Poland is quite poor - indirect costs can reach twice the level of National Health Fund (NFZ) expenses on the mental health care.

scholarly journals Economic growth on the periphery: estimates of GDP per capita of the Congress Kingdom of Poland (for years 1870–1912)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Koryś ◽  
Maciej Tymiński
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract This paper presents the estimates of the gross domestic product (GDP) of the Congress Kingdom of Poland for the period 1870–1912. The authors used bottom-up methodology and calculated sectoral added values using historical economic, social, and demographic data. The presented results offer first ever insight into the structure of sectoral added values in the Congress Kingdom of Poland during the period of first globalization and first reliable estimates of GDP of the Congress Kingdom of Poland. All results are presented in Geary–Khamis dollars PPP1990 and are compatible with Maddison dataset.

scholarly journals Deep Assessment Methodology Using Fractional Calculus on Mathematical Modeling and Prediction of Gross Domestic Product per Capita of Countries

Mathematics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 633
Author(s):  
Ertuğrul Karaçuha ◽  
Vasil Tabatadze ◽  
Kamil Karaçuha ◽  
Nisa Özge Önal ◽  
Esra Ergün
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Fractional Calculus ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Average Error ◽  
Assessment Methodology ◽  
Fractional Model ◽  
Modeling And Prediction ◽  
Per Capita

In this study, a new approach for time series modeling and prediction, “deep assessment methodology,” is proposed and the performance is reported on modeling and prediction for upcoming years of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita. The proposed methodology expresses a function with the finite summation of its previous values and derivatives combining fractional calculus and the Least Square Method to find unknown coefficients. The dataset of GDP per capita used in this study includes nine countries (Brazil, China, India, Italy, Japan, the UK, the USA, Spain and Turkey) and the European Union. The modeling performance of the proposed model is compared with the Polynomial model and the Fractional model and prediction performance is compared to a special type of neural network, Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), that used for time series. Results show that using Deep Assessment Methodology yields promising modeling and prediction results for GDP per capita. The proposed method is outperforming Polynomial model and Fractional model by 1.538% and by 1.899% average error rates, respectively. We also show that Deep Assessment Method (DAM) is superior to plain LSTM on prediction for upcoming GDP per capita values by 1.21% average error.

scholarly journals Management of mental health services in Malawi

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Kauye
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Services ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Sub Saharan

Malawi is a country in sub-Saharan Africa bordering Mozambique, Tanzania and Zambia. It has an area of approximately 118000 km2 and is divided into northern, central and southern regions. It has an estimated population of 13 million, 47% of whom are under 15 years of age and just 5% over 60 years. Its economy is largely based on agriculture, with tobacco being the main export. The projected growth in gross domestic product (GDP) for 2007 was 8.8%; GDP per capita was $284 per annum.

scholarly journals A  Correlational Study on the Gross Domestic Product and Gross Domestic Product  Per Capita of a Country and Its COVID-19 Incidence and Mortality Rates

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Emmanuel G. Lopez
Keyword(s):  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
State Of The Economy ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Stratified Analysis

Some studies had shown that there is a relationship between the state of the economy of a country and COVID-19 incidence and mortality rates. However, these studies are just done on countries that are often on developed countries. This study aims to find the relationship between GDP and GDP per capita and COVID-19 incidence and mortality rates on all countries. In addition, they will also be analyzed based on their different income levels. The data collected are from databases from World Bank and WHO and will be analyzed through MS Excel and JASP. Spearman’s rho is used to analyze the overall data and stratified data. It has been found that the GDP per capita and incidence (r = .656, p < .001) and mortality rates (r = .521, p < .001) have a strong and moderate correlations respectively. GDP’s relationship with incidence (r = .295, p < .001) and mortality rates (r = .346, p < .001) resulted in both weak correlations. Stratified analysis resulted in no significant relationships, except for GDP per capita’s relationship with incidence (r = .362, p = .011) and mortality rates (r = .348, p = .014) in low-middle countries, which yielded both weak correlations. These results show that there is indeed a relationship between the incidence and mortality rates and the economic status of a country before a pandemic, however, more factors need to be accounted for in order to help countries improve their pandemic response in the future.

scholarly journals A  Correlational Study on the Gross Domestic Product and Gross Domestic Product  Per Capita of a Country and Its COVID-19 Incidence and Mortality Rates

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Emmanuel G. Lopez
Keyword(s):  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
State Of The Economy ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Stratified Analysis

Some studies had shown that there is a relationship between the state of the economy of a country and COVID-19 incidence and mortality rates. However, these studies are just done on countries that are often on developed countries. This study aims to find the relationship between GDP and GDP per capita and COVID-19 incidence and mortality rates on all countries. In addition, they will also be analyzed based on their different income levels. The data collected are from databases from World Bank and WHO and will be analyzed through MS Excel and JASP. Spearman’s rho is used to analyze the overall data and stratified data. It has been found that the GDP per capita and incidence (r = .656, p < .001) and mortality rates (r = .521, p < .001) have a strong and moderate correlations respectively. GDP’s relationship with incidence (r = .295, p < .001) and mortality rates (r = .346, p < .001) resulted in both weak correlations. Stratified analysis resulted in no significant relationships, except for GDP per capita’s relationship with incidence (r = .362, p = .011) and mortality rates (r = .348, p = .014) in low-middle countries, which yielded both weak correlations. These results show that there is indeed a relationship between the incidence and mortality rates and the economic status of a country before a pandemic, however, more factors need to be accounted for in order to help countries improve their pandemic response in the future.

scholarly journals Government Spending, Gross Domestic Product, Human Development Index (Evidence from East Java Province)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farida Rahmawati ◽  
Meirna Nur Intan
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Government Spending ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Per Capita

Government spending is expected to improve the Human Development Index (HDI) in order to increase public welfare. Theoretically, if the number of government expenditure is increasing then the Human Development Index (HDI) will be higher as well. Based on earlier research, it was found few differences about the result of influence Government spending to Human Index. The purpose of the study was to analyze the influence of government spending and Gross Domestic Product to the Human Development Index of East Java Province (during 2014-2017). The research method using descriptive quantitative approach. Local government expenditures were analyzed by direct local government spending by looking at three aspects namely employees expenditure, spending on goods and services, and capital expenditures. Whereas, for the GDP per capita income is analyzed based on three aspects: production, income, and expenditure. Then the human development index to see the effects of these two variables based on three dimensions that exist in the human development index healthiness dimensions, dimensions of knowledge, and economic dimensions. The results showed that the local government spending income and the GDP per capita income has a significant effect on the human development index. Government spending has a significant influence on the educational dimension, while GDP per capita has a significant effect on the purchasing power of people thus affecting the economic dimension. Keywords: Government spending, Gross Domestic Product, Human Development Index

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