scholarly journals Relativity: photon

2021 ◽  
pp. 109-119
Author(s):  
I. O. Sazonenko ◽  
V. I. Sapon
Keyword(s):  
Thought Experiment ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Verbal Description ◽  
Heisenberg Equation ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Physical Vacuum ◽  
Experimental Scheme ◽  
Zeno Effect ◽  
The Universe

For the case of interaction of polarized light with an analyzer (a polarizing device), an experimental scheme based on the Feynman idea of path integrals is proposed. Real and virtual photons are considered in the context of the Lenz rule (in terms of constructive and destructive induction). The Planck formula for the photon energy in the format of a verbal description is considered. The complexity of identifying the wave description of the photon with the ideas of the Ancient Greeks about elementary particles is shown. From the point of view of chronogeometry, it is shown that the stationary observer does not exist at the point of intersection of the cone of the past and the future, but in the time interval separating these regions. It is proposed to consider the fluctuations of the physical vacuum as a relic of the process of permanent inflation according to Linde. Based on the assumption of the self-measurement of the Universe, the quantum Zeno effect, and Hawking’s idea of the Universe being a quantum object with the Nth sum of Feynman stories, it is assumed that the history of the Universe is deterministic. From the perspective of the orthogonality of the electromagnetic field vectors E and B, the Heisenberg equation of the form Δp × Δx = ħ/2 is considered. A thought experiment is considered showing the complexity in describing the interaction of a photon with an electron of an atom from the point of view of the classical interaction of an electromagnetic wave with an antenna device. It is proposed to consider the absorption of a photon by an electron as its inertial collapse on an atom.

Changes in the Prognosis of Functional Psychoses Since the Days of Kraepelin

1967 ◽  
Vol 113 (501) ◽  
pp. 813-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Örnulv Ödegård
Keyword(s):  
Special Problem ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
General Point ◽  
Course Of Illness ◽  
Dynamic Reasoning ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Functional Psychoses ◽  
External Conditions ◽  
Point Of Departure ◽  
The Universe

My choice of Kraepelin as a point of departure for this lecture has definite reasons. If one wants to stay within the field of clinical psychiatry (as opposed to psychiatric history), that is as far back as one can reasonably go. By this no slight is intended upon the pre-Kraepelinian psychiatrists. For our topic Henry Maudsley would indeed have been a most appropriate starting point, and by no means for reasons of courtesy. His general point of view is admirably sound as a basis for the scientific study of prognosis in psychiatry. I quote: “There is no accident in madness. Causality, not casualty, governs its appearance in the universe, and it is very far from being a good and sufficient practice simply to mark its phenomena and straightway to pass on as if they belonged not to an order but to a disorder of events that called for no explanation.” On the special problem of prognosis he shows his clinical acumen by stating that the outlook is poor when the course of illness is insidious, but this only means that these cases develop their psychoses on the basis of mental deviations which go very far back in the patient's life, so that in fact they are generally in a chronic stage at the time of their first admission to hospital. Here he actually corrects a mistake which is still quite often made. He shows his dynamic attitude when he says that prognosis is to a large extent modified by external conditions, in particular by the attitude of friends and relatives. Maudsley's dynamic reasoning was limited by the narrow framework of the degeneration hypothesis of those days. He had a sceptical attitude towards classification, which he regarded as artificial and dangerously pseudo-exact. His own classification was deliberately provisional, with very wide groups. He held that a description of various sub-forms of chronic insanity was useless, as it would mean nothing but a tiresome enumeration of unconnected details.

PHILOSOPHY AND THE MEANING OF LIFE

Think ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (60) ◽  
pp. 33-49
Author(s):  
William Lyons
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Meaning Of Life ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Eternal Life ◽  
Evolution Of The Universe ◽  
Life On Earth ◽  
The Universe

The author sets out to respond to the student complaint that ‘Philosophy did not answer “the big questions”’, in particular the question ‘What is the meaning of life?’ The response first outlines and evaluates the most common religious answer, that human life is given a meaning by God who created us and informs us that this life is just the pilgrim way to the next eternal life in heaven. He then discusses the response that, from the point of view of post-Darwinian science and the evolution of the universe and all that is in it, human life on Earth must be afforded no more meaning than the meaning we would give to a microscopic planaria or to some creature on another planet in a distant universe. All things including human creatures on Planet Earth just exist for a time and that is that. There is no plan or purpose. In the last sections the author outlines the view that it is we humans ourselves who give meaning to our lives by our choices of values or things that are worth pursuing and through our resulting sense of achievement or the opposite. Nevertheless the question ‘What is the meaning of life?’ can mean quite different things in different contexts, and so merit different if related answers. From one point of view one answer may lie in terms of the love of one human for another.

DARK GEOMETRY

2004 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 2275-2279 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. R. CEMBRANOS ◽  
A. DOBADO ◽  
A. L. MAROTO
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Extra Dimensions ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Planck Scale ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Missing Mass ◽  
Brane Worlds ◽  
Mass Problem ◽  
Extra Space ◽  
The Universe

Extra-dimensional theories contain additional degrees of freedom related to the geometry of the extra space which can be interpreted as new particles. Such theories allow to reformulate most of the fundamental problems of physics from a completely different point of view. In this essay, we concentrate on the brane fluctuations which are present in brane-worlds, and how such oscillations of the own space–time geometry along curved extra dimensions can help to resolve the Universe missing mass problem. The energy scales involved in these models are low compared to the Planck scale, and this means that some of the brane fluctuations distinctive signals could be detected in future colliders and in direct or indirect dark matter searches.

scholarly journals What are the wild waves saying? Yet another meditation on the predictions, searches for, and detections of gravitational waves

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (14) ◽  
pp. 1830009
Author(s):  
Virginia Trimble
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Gravitational Waves ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Large Majority ◽  
Laboratory Apparatus ◽  
New Information ◽  
Theory Of Gravity ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Universe

A large majority of the physics and astronomy communities are now sure that gravitational waves exist, can be looked for, and can be studied via their effects on laboratory apparatus as well as on astronomical objects. So far, everything found out has agreed with the predictions of general relativity, but hopes are high for new information about the universe and its contents and perhaps for hints of a better theory of gravity than general relativity (which even Einstein expected to come eventually). This is one version of the story, from 1905 to the present, told from an unusual point of view, because the author was, for 28.5 years, married to Joseph Weber, who built the first detectors starting in the early 1960s and operated one or more until his death on 30 September 2000.

scholarly journals Content and Types of Safety of the Educational Environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-96
Author(s):  
N.V. Mikhalkin ◽  
A.N. Averyushkin
Keyword(s):  
Thought Experiment ◽  
Educational Environment ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Philosophical Approach ◽  
Public Practice ◽  
Current State ◽  
Main Components ◽  
The Impact

Aim. To clarify the basic componentof the content of the educational environment, as well as to highlight its components and types. Procedure and methods. The article identifies the main components of the educational environment, from the point of view of the philosophical approach to understanding this phenomenon, as well as analyzed and evaluated the reasons that make it unsafe, the allocation of levels of expansion, the classification of the types of safety of the educational environment. In the study methods are used: analogies, comparative, generalization, system, interpretation of the results, thought experiment. The results. The work clarifies the content of the educational environment, reveals its main components, on the basis of a philosophical approach to this phenomenon, has been identified the impact of various types of expansion on its safety, identified and justified the basic safety of the educational environment, taking into account the current state of public practice in the country and the world, as well as the requirements that are imposed on educational institutions on the education and education of trainees. Theoretical and/or practical significance. The results of the study contribute to the palette of research of the educational environment in school and university, to the methodology of organizing the safety of the educational environment, as well as to the practice of educational activities of schools and universities.

scholarly journals Bandersnatch: o mundo virtual e a realidade na interatividade do cinema

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Malta ◽  
Fernando Rodrigues ◽  
Renan Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
The Universe ◽  
The Way

The transformations that technology propitiates take the audiovisual narratives to seek new resources in the way of telling a story, such elements appear in the composition of this new audiovisual grammar. Bandersnatch by Charlie Brooker is an interactive film screened on Netflix, coming from the Black Mirror series known for breaking the classic rules of format in their stories. The plot brings the concept of interactivity, offering the viewer to change the course of history. Is this a market trend? From the writer’s point of view, how to put together a story with these features? These are some of the questions the article will answer. The process of creating a script is done based on the construction of the characters and the universe inhabited by them.

Theoretical study of Zeno and anti-Zeno effects on photodissociation dynamics: A model approach

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (08) ◽  
pp. 1650070 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bikram Nath ◽  
Chandan Kumar Mondal
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Mathematical Tool ◽  
Population Transfer ◽  
Vibrational States ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Zeno Effect ◽  
Dissociation Dynamics ◽  
Vibrational Population

Zeno and anti-Zeno effects in the evolution of the multi-photonic dissociation dynamics of the diatomic molecule HBr[Formula: see text] owing to repeated measurements demand if the system in the initial state have been studied. The effects have been calculated numerically for the case of vibrational population transfer and dissociation dynamics of HBr[Formula: see text] taking it as a model. We use time-dependent Fourier grid Hamiltonian (TDFGH) method as a mathematical tool in presence of intense radiation field as perturbation. The effects have been explored through a probable mechanism of population transfer from the ground vibrational state to the different upper vibrational states which ultimately go to the dissociation continuum. The results show significant differences in the mechanism of population transfer and the significant role of time interval of measurement ([Formula: see text] in Zeno and anti-Zeno effects. In case of survival probability of ground vibrational states, there is Zeno effect when the frequency of the laser to which the molecule is submitted is near the vibrational [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text] resonance, while there is anti-Zeno effect if it is far from this resonance.

Sign languages to unfold the Universe

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefania Varano
Keyword(s):  
Sign Language ◽  
Hearing Impaired ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Deaf People ◽  
Single Word ◽  
Natural Languages ◽  
Sign Languages ◽  
Italian Language ◽  
Main Medium ◽  
The Universe

<p>Sign languages ​​arise from the need of communities of deaf people to communicate with each other and with others. Like all natural languages, they are tied to the traditions and cultures of the communities that invented and developed them. The sign language used in Italy is the Italian Sign Language, LIS.</p> <p>The strong iconicity of LIS is very interesting from the point of view of communication and didactics of astronomy, also for the hearing impaired. The signs used for astronomical concepts and objects often express the meaning and nature of what is represented, much more than a single word in the Italian language does.</p> <p>LIS is therefore effective not only for inclusive communication aimed at deaf people, but it can be effective for everyone, both in terms of equity and awareness of diversity and in terms of knowledge of astronomy and its link with culture and tradition.</p> <p>We will present a set of videos published on EduINAF, the outreach and education online magazine of the Italian National Isntitute for Astrophysics, in which the LIS is the main medium of the storytelling. Each video has subtitles, in order to make the LIS understandable for all.</p>

The fifth force: An enigma in this Universe

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (09) ◽  
pp. 1950056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koijam Manihar Singh ◽  
Kangujam Priyokumar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
Experimental Proof ◽  
Fifth Force ◽  
Theory Of Everything ◽  
Discovery Science ◽  
Near Future ◽  
The Universe ◽  
High Hope

In an attempt to explain some of the unknown phenomena of nature, including dark energy and dark matter, we explore the possibility of the existence of a fifth fundamental force of nature as also cited by some researchers. With the inclusion of such a force in the system, some of the vague things can be explained and there is high hope of its importance in building up a “theory of everything”. With this intention, we investigate some manifestations of the fifth force which stand from theoretical calculations or from theoretical point of view, though till now there is less experimental proof. However, the theoretical results obtained indicate the existence of a fifth force which will lead to the completion in defining the laws of physics and nature. With this discovery, science may be able to explain the whole complexity of the Universe in near future.

scholarly journals Notes on Cosmology

1972 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 404-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Pachner
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
World Model ◽  
Present Epoch ◽  
Cosmological Principle ◽  
Cosmic Evolution ◽  
Cosmic Space ◽  
Walker Metric ◽  
Theory Of Gravitation ◽  
Isotropic Expansion ◽  
The Universe

The present short notes on cosmology start with two conclusions based on observational data. The first of them is the well-known conclusion that the Universe from the global point of view is at the present epoch of its evolution in a uniform and isotropic expansion. If we accept the very convincing arguments of Bondi (1962) that the geometry of the cosmic space is Riemannian, its properties are described at the present epoch of the cosmic evolution by the well-known Robertson-Walker metric expressing the cosmological principle (Robertson, 1935, 1936; Walker, 1936). The form of the geodesical lines depends on the assumed theory of gravitation. For instance, in the closed Friedman world model they are cycloids with a singularity at the start of the expansion.

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