Paleomagnetism of the Franz Josef Land Archipelago: Application to the Mesozoic Tectonics of the Barents Sea Continental Margin

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.V. Metelkin ◽  
V.V. Abashev ◽  
V.A. Vernikovsky ◽  
N.E. Mikhaltsov
Keyword(s):  
Continental Margin ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Tectonic Plates ◽  
The Barents Sea ◽  
Franz Josef Land ◽  
Intraplate Magmatism ◽  
Opening Stage ◽  
Iceland Plume

Abstract —We report new paleomagnetic and geochronological data for rocks of the Franz Josef Land archipelago and generalize available information about the paleomagnetism of the Barents Sea continental margin as applied to the issues of the Mesozoic Arctic tectonics. Specifically, the obtained age estimates are indicative of a brief episode of mantle plume magmatism at the Barremian–Aptian boundary (Early Cretaceous). The paleomagnetic data shows that intraplate magmatism formations in the High Arctic, including the Franz Josef Land traps, are nothing else than a trace of the Iceland plume on the migrating tectonic plates of the region. Thus, the Iceland plume was geographically stationary for at least the last 125 Myr. Our paleotectonic reconstructions suggest a direct connection of the intraplate strike-slip systems of the Eurasian continent with the configuration and subsequent evolution mode of Mesozoic marginal basins and spreading axes during the initial opening stage of the Arctic Ocean.

scholarly journals Ice gouging on the arctic shelf of Russia

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 466-468
Author(s):  
S. L. Nikiforov ◽  
R. A. Ananiev ◽  
N. V. Libina ◽  
N. N. Dmitrevskiy ◽  
L. I. Lobkovskii
Keyword(s):  
Deep Water ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Natural Phenomena ◽  
Novaya Zemlya ◽  
The Barents Sea ◽  
Franz Josef Land ◽  
Eastern Shelf ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Perennial Ice

The results of recent geological and geophysical expeditions indicate the activation of hazardous natural phenomena associated with ice gouging and represent geohazard for almost all activities, including operation of the Northern Sea Route. Within the Barents Sea and the western part of the Kara Sea, the modern ice gouging is mainly associated with icebergs which are formed as a result of the destruction of the glaciers of Novaya Zemlya, the Spitsbergen archipelago and Franz Josef Land, while on the eastern shelf it is caused by the destruction of seasonal or perennial ice fields. Fixed furrows can be divided into modern coastal gouges or deep water ploughmarks. All deep water gouges within the periglacial and glacial shelf are of paleogeographical origin, but with different mechanisms of action on the seabed. These furrows were formed by floating ice on the periglacial shelf. On the glacial shelf deep water ploughmarks were formed by large icebergs, which could carry out the gouging even on the continental slope and deep-sea ridges of the Arctic Ocean.

scholarly journals Recent contrasting behaviour of mountain glaciers across the European High Arctic revealed by ArcticDEM data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakub Małecki
Keyword(s):  
Climate Models ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Arctic Ecosystems ◽  
Mountain Glacier ◽  
Novaya Zemlya ◽  
Mountain Glaciers ◽  
The Barents Sea ◽  
Recent Climate

Abstract. Small land-terminating mountain glaciers are a widespread and important element of Arctic ecosystems, influencing local hydrology, microclimate, and ecology, among others. Due to little ice volumes, this class of ice masses is very sensitive to climate warming, the latter of which is extremely well manifested in the European sector of the Arctic, i.e. in the Barents Sea area. Archipelagos surrounding the Barents Sea, i.e. Svalbard (SV), Novaya Zemlya (NZ), and Franz Josef Land (FJ), host numerous populations of mountain glaciers, but their response to recent strong warming remains understudied in most locations. This paper aims to obtain a snapshot of their state by utilizing high-resolution elevation data (ArcticDEM) to investigate the recent (ca. 2011–2017) elevation and volume changes of 382 small glaciers across SV, NZ, and FJ. The study concludes that many mountain glacier sites across the Barents Sea have been in a critical imbalance with the recent climate and might melt away within the coming several decades. However, deviations from the general trend exist, e.g. a cluster of small glaciers in north SV experiencing thickening. The findings reveal that near-stagnant glaciers might exhibit contrasting behaviours (fast thinning vs. thickening) over relatively short distances, being a challenge for climate models, but also an opportunity to test their reliability.

scholarly journals THE STATUS OF SEA BIRD POPULATIONS AND FACTORS DETERMINING THEIR DEVELOPMENT IN THE BARENTS SEA

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 225-245
Author(s):  
Yu.V. Krasnov ◽  
◽  
A.V. Ezhov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
Water Masses ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Arctic Water ◽  
Novaya Zemlya ◽  
The Barents Sea ◽  
Franz Josef Land ◽  
Food Stock ◽  
Seabird Colonies

In 2013–2019, observations on Arctic archipelagoes Novaya Zemlya and Franz-Josef Land were made. A series of multiannual monitoring of seabird colonies on the Murman coast (Kola Peninsula) were continued. The results show that large-scale negative effects on seabird populations mostly occur in areas of Atlantic water masses in the southwestern Barents Sea. On the coasts and islands ofMurman, considerable fluctuations of the number of kittiwakes and guillemots imposed on the general decreasing trend were noted. Within the Arctic water masses at Franz-Josef Land and Novaya Zemlya, the conditions of the colonies were more favorable. Geolocation data loggers helped to establish wintering and pre-breeding areas of kittiwakes and guillemots in the Barents Sea. Degradation of the seabird colonies is explained by oceanographic changes in the southern Barents Sea, along with the influence of integrative drivers such as food stock, i. e., presence and availability of capelin, and thermal conditions of the water masses determining its distribution in coastal waters.

scholarly journals Compositional Differences in Dissolved Organic Matter Between Arctic Cold Seeps Versus Non-Seep Sites at the Svalbard Continental Margin and the Barents Sea

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammed Fatih Sert ◽  
Juliana D’Andrilli ◽  
Friederike Gründger ◽  
Helge Niemann ◽  
Mats A. Granskog ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Dissolved Organic Matter ◽  
Water Column ◽  
Continental Margin ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Cold Seeps ◽  
Biogeochemical Processes ◽  
The Barents Sea

Dissociating gas hydrates, submerged permafrost, and gas bearing sediments release methane to the water column from a multitude of seeps in the Arctic Ocean. The seeping methane dissolves and supports the growth of aerobic methane oxidizing bacteria (MOB), but the effect of seepage and seep related biogeochemical processes on water column dissolved organic matter (DOM) dynamics is not well constrained. We compared dissolved methane, nutrients, chlorophyll, and particulate matter concentrations and methane oxidation (MOx) rates from previously characterized seep and non-seep areas at the continental margin of Svalbard and the Barents Sea in May and June 2017. DOM molecular composition was determined by Electrospray Ionization Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS). We found that the chemical diversity of DOM was 3 to 5% higher and constituted more protein- and lipid-like composition near methane seeps when compared to non-seep areas. Distributions of nutrients, chlorophyll, and particulate matter however, were essentially governed by the water column hydrography and primary production. We surmise that the organic intermediates directly derived from seepage or indirectly from seep-related biogeochemical processes, e.g., MOx, modifies the composition of DOM leading to distinct DOM molecular-level signatures in the water column at cold seeps.

Summer phytoplankton of the northern Barents Sea (75–80º N)

2019 ◽  
pp. 8-19
Author(s):  
Larisa A. Pautova ◽  
Vladimir A. Silkin ◽  
Marina D. Kravchishina ◽  
Valeriy G. Yakubenko ◽  
Anna L. Chultsova
Keyword(s):  
Barents Sea ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Arctic Basin ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Alexandrium Tamarense ◽  
Warm Water ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Absolute Maximum ◽  
Deep Trench ◽  
Maximum Biomass

The structure of the summer planktonic communities of the Northern part of the Barents sea in the first half of August 2017 were studied. In the sea-ice melting area, the average phytoplankton biomass producing upper 50-meter layer of water reached values levels of eutrophic waters (up to 2.1 g/m3). Phytoplankton was presented by diatoms of the genera Thalassiosira and Eucampia. Maximum biomass recorded at depths of 22–52 m, the absolute maximum biomass community (5,0 g/m3) marked on the horizon of 45 m (station 5558), located at the outlet of the deep trench Franz Victoria near the West coast of the archipelago Franz Josef Land. In ice-free waters, phytoplankton abundance was low, and the weighted average biomass (8.0 mg/m3 – 123.1 mg/m3) corresponded to oligotrophic waters and lower mesotrophic waters. In the upper layers of the water population abundance was dominated by small flagellates and picoplankton from, biomass – Arctic dinoflagellates (Gymnodinium spp.) and cold Atlantic complexes (Gyrodinium lachryma, Alexandrium tamarense, Dinophysis norvegica). The proportion of Atlantic species in phytoplankton reached 75%. The representatives of warm-water Atlantic complex (Emiliania huxleyi, Rhizosolenia hebetata f. semispina, Ceratium horridum) were recorded up to 80º N, as indicators of the penetration of warm Atlantic waters into the Arctic basin. The presence of oceanic Atlantic species as warm-water and cold systems in the high Arctic indicates the strengthening of processes of “atlantificacion” in the region.

scholarly journals Phylogeography of the Brittle Star Ophiura sarsii Lütken, 1855 (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) from the Barents Sea and East Atlantic

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Evgeny Genelt-Yanovskiy ◽  
Yixuan Li ◽  
Ekaterina Stratanenko ◽  
Natalia Zhuravleva ◽  
Natalia Strelkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
Haplotype Diversity ◽  
Brittle Star ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Svalbard Archipelago ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi ◽  
The Barents Sea

Ophiura sarsii is a common brittle star species across the Arctic and Sub-Arctic regions of the Atlantic and the Pacific oceans. Ophiurasarsii is among the dominant echinoderms in the Barents Sea. We studied the genetic diversity of O.sarsii by sequencing the 548 bp fragment of the mitochondrial COI gene. Ophiurasarsii demonstrated high genetic diversity in the Barents Sea. Both major Atlantic mtDNA lineages were present in the Barents Sea and were evenly distributed between the northern waters around Svalbard archipelago and the southern part near Murmansk coast of Kola Peninsula. Both regions, and other parts of the O.sarsii range, were characterized by high haplotype diversity with a significant number of private haplotypes being mostly satellites to the two dominant haplotypes, each belonging to a different mtDNA clade. Demographic analyses indicated that the demographic and spatial expansion of O.sarsii in the Barents Sea most plausibly has started in the Bølling–Allerød interstadial during the deglaciation of the western margin of the Barents Sea.

U–Pb geochronology of Cretaceous magmatism on Svalbard and Franz Josef Land, Barents Sea Large Igneous Province

2013 ◽  
Vol 150 (6) ◽  
pp. 1127-1135 ◽  
Author(s):  
FERNANDO CORFU ◽  
STÉPHANE POLTEAU ◽  
SVERRE PLANKE ◽  
JAN INGE FALEIDE ◽  
HENRIK SVENSEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
Large Igneous Province ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Franz Josef Land ◽  
Igneous Province ◽  
Stratigraphic Record ◽  
Single Grain ◽  
Cretaceous Magmatism

AbstractThe opening of the Arctic oceanic basins in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic proceeded in steps, with episodes of magmatism and sedimentation marking specific stages in this development. In addition to the stratigraphic record provided by sediments and fossils, the intrusive and extrusive rocks yield important information on this evolution. This study has determined the ages of mafic sills and a felsic tuff in Svalbard and Franz Josef Land using the isotope dilution thermal ionization mass spectrometry (ID-TIMS) U–Pb method on zircon, baddeleyite, titanite and rutile. The results indicate crystallization of the Diabasodden sill at 124.5 ± 0.2 Ma and the Linnévatn sill at 124.7 ± 0.3 Ma, the latter also containing slightly younger secondary titanite with an age of 123.9 ± 0.3 Ma. A bentonite in the Helvetiafjellet Formation, also on Svalbard, has an age of 123.3 ± 0.2 Ma. Zircon in mafic sills intersected by drill cores in Franz Josef Land indicate an age of 122.7 Ma for a thick sill on Severnaya Island and a single grain age of ≥122.2 ± 1.1 Ma for a thinner sill on Nagurskaya Island. These data emphasize the importance and relatively short-lived nature of the Cretaceous magmatic event in the region.

Arctic Freshwater in CMIP6: Declining Sea Ice, Increasing Ocean Storage and Export

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Zanowski ◽  
Alexandra Jahn ◽  
Marika Holland
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Freshwater Flux ◽  
Bering Strait ◽  
The Barents Sea ◽  
Late 21St Century ◽  
Freshwater Export

<p>Recently, the Arctic has undergone substantial changes in sea ice cover and the hydrologic cycle, both of which strongly impact the freshwater storage in, and export from, the Arctic Ocean. Here we analyze Arctic freshwater storage and fluxes in 7 climate models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6) and assess their agreement over the historical period (1980-2000) and in two future emissions scenarios, SSP1-2.6 and SSP5-8.5. In the historical simulation, few models agree closely with observations over 1980-2000. In both future scenarios the models show an increase in liquid (ocean) freshwater storage in conjunction with a reduction in solid storage and fluxes through the major Arctic gateways (Bering Strait, Fram Strait, Davis Strait, and the Barents Sea Opening) that is typically larger for SSP5-8.5 than SSP1-2.6. The liquid fluxes through the gateways exhibit a more complex pattern, with models exhibiting a change in sign of the freshwater flux through the Barents Sea Opening and little change in the flux through the Bering Strait in addition to increased export from the remaining straits by the end of the 21st century. A decomposition of the liquid fluxes into their salinity and volume contributions shows that the Barents Sea flux changes are driven by salinity changes, while the Bering Strait flux changes are driven by compensating salinity and volume changes. In the straits west of Greenland (Nares, Barrow, and Davis straits), the models disagree on whether there will be a decrease, increase, or steady liquid freshwater export in the early to mid 21st century, although they mostly show increased liquid freshwater export in the late 21st century. The underlying cause of this is a difference in the magnitude and timing of a simulated decrease in the volume flux through these straits. Although the models broadly agree on the sign of late 21st century storage and flux changes, substantial differences exist between the magnitude of these changes and the models’ Arctic mean states, which shows no fundamental improvement in the models compared to CMIP5.</p>

scholarly journals Suitable habitats of fish species in the Barents Sea

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bérengère Husson ◽  
Gregoire Certain ◽  
Anatoly Filin ◽  
Benjamin Planque
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Environmental Drivers ◽  
Environmental Predictors ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
Species Response ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
The Barents Sea ◽  
Suitable Habitats

AbstractMany marine species are shifting their distribution poleward in response to climate change. The Barents Sea, as a doorstep to the fast-warming Arctic, is experiencing large scale changes in its environment and its communities. This paper aims at understanding what environmental predictors limit fish species habitats in the Barents Sea and discuss their possible evolution in response to the warming of the Arctic.Species distribution models usually aim at predicting the probability of presence or the average abundance of a species, conditional on environmental drivers. A complementary approach is to determine suitable habitats by modelling the upper limit of a species’ response to environmental factors. Using quantile regressions, we model the upper limit of biomass for 33 fish species in the Barents Sea in response to 10 environmental predictors. Boreal species are mainly limited by temperatures and most of them are expected to be able to expand their distribution in the Barents Sea when new thermally suitable habitats become available, in the limit of bathymetric constraints. Artic species are often limited by several predictors, mainly depth, bottom and surface temperature and ice cover, and future habitats are hard to predict qualitatively. Widespread species like the Atlantic cod are not strongly limited by the selected variables at the scale of the study, and current and future suitable habitats are harder to predict. These models can be used as input to integrative tools like end-to-end models on the habitat preference and tolerance at the species scale to inform resource management and conservation.

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