Conformance contrast testing between rates of pulmonary tuberculosis in Ecuadorian border areas

Objective. To estimate rates of cases of respiratory symptomatic subjects and the incidence rate of pulmonary tuberculosis in two border areas of Ecuador, and contrast them with official figures. Materials and methods. Cross-sectional survey in the southeastern (SEBA), and the Andean southern Ecuadorian border areas (ASBA), which were conducted, respectively, in 1 598 and 2 419 persons aged over 15 years recruited over periods of three weeks. In identified respiratory symptomatic cases, a sputum sample was taken for smear testing. The results (odds ratios and their respective 95% confidence intervals), were compared with local and national official figures using maximum likelihood contrasts. Results. The rates of respiratory symptomatic subjects (7.7% and 5.9% in the SEBA, and ASBA, respectively) and of pulmonary tuberculosis (cumulative incidence rates of 125 and 140 per 100 000 inhabitants, in the same order) were significantly greater than the official figures (of 0.98 and 0.99% for respiratory symptomatic subjects in the SEBA and ASBA, respectively; and of 38.23 per 100 000 inhabitants for pulmonary tuberculosis in Ecuador as a whole) (p<0.001). Conclusion. It is necessary to reinforce both active case finding for respiratory symptomatic subject cases, and epidemiological surveillance of pulmonary tuberculosis in Ecuadorian border regions.

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Prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis among prison inmates: A cross-sectional survey at the Correctional and Detention Facility of Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0181995 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (7) ◽

pp. e0181995 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Benjamin Séri ◽

Ange Koffi ◽

Christine Danel ◽

Timothée Ouassa ◽

Marcel-Angora Blehoué ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Cote D'ivoire ◽

Côte D’Ivoire ◽

Prison Inmates ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Cote D’Ivoire ◽

Detention Facility ◽

Côte D'ivoire

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Pharmacist's Knowledge of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in a Cross Sectional Survey at Primary Health Care Centers in Surabaya, Indonesia

Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology ◽

10.5958/0973-9130.2019.00522.x ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 1546

Author(s):

Yuni Priyandani ◽

Abdul Rahem ◽

M. Djunaedi ◽

Umi Athiyah ◽

M. B. Qomaruddin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Primary Health Care ◽

Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Primary Health ◽

Primary Health Care Centers ◽

Health Care Centers

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Performance of LED Fluorescence Microscopy for the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in HIV Positive Individuals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Tuberculosis Research and Treatment ◽

10.1155/2015/794064 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Konjit Getachew ◽

Tamrat Abebe ◽

Abebaw Kebede ◽

Adane Mihret ◽

Getachew Melkamu

Keyword(s):

Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Predictive Value ◽

Addis Ababa ◽

Sputum Sample ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Smear Microscopy ◽

Lower Sensitivity ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Sensitivity Specificity

Background. Despite its lower sensitivity, smear microscopy remains the main diagnostic method for pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in resource-limited countries as TB culturing methods like LJ (Lowenstein-Jensen) are expensive to use as a routine base. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of LED-FM for the diagnosis of PTB in HIV positive individuals.Methods. Cross-sectional study was conducted in Zewditu Memorial Hospital and Teklehaimanot Health Center HIV/ART clinics in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Each sample was stained with ZN and Auramine O staining and examined with bright-field microscope and LED-FM microscope, respectively. LJ culture was used as a reference.Results. Out of 178 study participants, twenty-four (13.5%) patients were confirmed as positive for MTB with LJ culture. The yield of ZN microscopy and LED-FM in direct and concentrated sample was 3.9%, 8.4%, 6.2%, and 8.4%, respectively. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of direct ZN microscopy were 29.2%, 100%, 100%, and 90.1%, respectively, and of LED-FM microscopy in direct sputum sample were 62.5%, 100%, 100%, and 94.5%, respectively.Conclusion. LED-FM has better sensitivity for the diagnosis of PTB in HIV positive individuals as compared to conventional ZN microscopy. LED-FM can be used as an alternative to conventional ZN microscopy.

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Status of pulmonary fungal pathogens among individuals with clinical features of pulmonary tuberculosis at Mbarara University Teaching Hospital in Southwestern Uganda

Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease ◽

10.1177/20499361211042477 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. 204993612110424

Author(s):

Israel Kiiza Njovu ◽

Benson Musinguzi ◽

James Mwesigye ◽

Kennedy Kassaza ◽

Joseph Turigurwa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Clinical Features ◽

Fungal Pathogens ◽

Study Participant ◽

University Teaching ◽

Blue Staining ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Fungal Culture ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional

Background: Pulmonary mycoses are important diseases of the respiratory tract caused by pulmonary fungal pathogens. These pathogens are responsible for significant morbidity and mortality rates worldwide; however, less attention has been paid to them. In this study we determined the prevalence of pulmonary fungal pathogens among individuals with clinical features of pulmonary tuberculosis at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital. Method: This was a hospital based cross sectional survey. Sputum samples were collected from each study participant. For each sample, the following tests were performed: Sabouraud dextrose agar for fungal culture, GeneXpert for Mycobacteria tuberculosis (MTB) and potassium hydroxide for fungal screening. Filamentous fungal growth and yeasts were further examined with lactophenol cotton blue staining and germ tube respectively. Results: Out of 113 study participants, 80 (70.7%) had pulmonary fungal pathogens whilst those with pulmonary tuberculosis numbered five (4.4%). Candida albicans [21 (22.58%)] and Aspergillus species [16 (17.20%)] were the pathogens most identified among others. Two (1.7%) TB GeneXpert positive participants had fungal pathogens isolated from their sputum samples. We established a prevalence of 57 (71.3%) for pulmonary fungal pathogen (PFP) isolates, three (60.0%) for MTB in HIV positive patients and 18 (22.5%) for PFP, and zero (0.0%) for MTB in HIV negative patients. On the other hand, two (100%) HIV positive patients had both PFP isolates and MTB. Conclusion: Our findings highlight the diversity of neglected pulmonary fungal pathogens whose known medical importance in causing pulmonary mycoses cannot be overemphasised. Therefore this presents a need for routine diagnosis for pulmonary mycoses among TB suspects and set-up of antimicrobial profile for pulmonary fungal isolates to support clinical management of these cases.

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A Cross Sectional Survey on Tissue Transglutaminase Auto-Antibodies in Patients with Pulmonary and Extra Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Archives of Clinical Infectious Diseases ◽

10.5812/archcid.86097 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Iraj Shahramian ◽

Ameneh Rezaei Keikhaei ◽

Omolbanin Sargazi Aval ◽

Mojtaba Delaramnasab ◽

Ali Bazi

Keyword(s):

Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Tissue Transglutaminase ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Extra Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Extra Pulmonary

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Monthly Incidence Rates of Abusive Encounters for Canadian Family Physicians by Patients and Their Families

International Journal of Family Medicine ◽

10.1155/2010/387202 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 2010 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Baukje (Bo) Miedema ◽

Ryan Hamilton ◽

Sue Tatemichi ◽

Anita Lambert-Lanning ◽

Francine Lemire ◽

...

Keyword(s):

National Policy ◽

Family Physicians ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Entire Study ◽

Workplace Policies ◽

Severe Event ◽

A Minor ◽

Monthly Incidence

Objective. The goal of this study was to examine the monthly incidence rates of abusive encounters for family physicians in Canada. Methods. A 7-page cross-sectional survey. Results. Of the entire study sample (N=720), 29% of the physicians reported having experienced an abusive event in the last month by a patient or patient family member. Abusive incidents were classified as minor, major, or severe. Of the physician participants who reported having been abused, all reported having experienced a minor event, 26% a major, and 8% a severe event. Of the physicians who experienced an abusive event, 55% were not aware of any policies to protect them, 76% did not seek help, and 64% did not report the abusive event. Conclusion. Family physicians are subjected to significant amounts of abuse in their day-to-day practices. Few physicians are aware of workplace policies that could protect them, and fewer report abusive encounters. Physicians would benefit from increased awareness of institutional policies that can protect them against abusive patients and their families and from the development of a national policy.

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Responses of paediatric emergency departments to the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe: a cross-sectional survey study

BMJ Paediatrics Open ◽

10.1136/bmjpo-2021-001269 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. e001269

Author(s):

Katy Rose ◽

Silvia Bressan ◽

Kate Honeyford ◽

Zsolt Bognar ◽

Danilo Buonsenso ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Emergency Departments ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Survey Study ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Online Questionnaire ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Paediatric Emergency ◽

Site Characteristics ◽

Telephone Advice ◽

Limited Change

ObjectiveUnderstanding how paediatric emergency departments (PEDs) across Europe adapted their healthcare pathways in response to COVID-19 will help guide responses to ongoing waves of COVID-19 and potential future pandemics. This study aimed to evaluate service reconfiguration across European PEDs during the initial COVID-19 wave.DesignThis cross-sectional survey included 39 PEDs in 17 countries. The online questionnaire captured (1) study site characteristics, (2) departmental changes and (3) pathways for children with acute illness pre and during the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic (January–May 2020). Number of changes to health services, as a percentage of total possible changes encompassed by the survey, was compared with peak national SARS-CoV-2 incidence rates, and for both mixed and standalone paediatric centres.ResultsOverall, 97% (n=38) of centres remained open as usual during the pandemic. The capacity of 18 out of 28 (68%) short-stay units decreased; in contrast, 2 units (7%) increased their capacity. In 12 (31%) PEDs, they reported acting as receiving centres for diverted children during the pandemic.There was minimal change to the availability of paediatric consultant telephone advice services, consultant supervision of juniors or presence of responsible specialists within the PEDs.There was no relationship between percentage of possible change at each site and the peak national SARS-CoV-2 incidence rate. Mixed paediatric and adult hospitals made 8% of possible changes and standalone paediatric centres made 6% of possible changes (p=0.086).ConclusionOverall, there was limited change to the organisation or delivery of services across surveyed PEDs during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Status of pulmonary fungal infections among individuals with clinical signs of pulmonary tuberculosis at a University Teaching Hospital in Southwestern Uganda.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-523551/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Israel Kiiza Njovu ◽

Benson Musinguzi ◽

James Mwesigye ◽

Kennedy Kassaza ◽

Joseph Turigurwa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Fungal Infections ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Study Participant ◽

Fungal Growth ◽

University Teaching ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Opportunistic Fungi ◽

Pulmonary Fungal Infections

Abstract Background: Pulmonary mycoses are very important diseases of the respiratory tract and are responsible for significant morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. However less attention has been paid to them. In this study we determined the prevalence of pulmonary mycoses and their aetiological agents among individuals with clinical signs of pulmonary tuberculosis at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital (MRRH). Method: This was a Laboratory based cross sectional survey in which 113 participants were recruited. Sputum samples were corrected from each study participant. To each sample the following tests were done; Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) Culture, GeneXpert and Potassium hydroxide (KOH). Fungal growth of filamentous fungi and yeasts were further examined with LPCB and Germ tube respectively. Generated data was analysed using R studio. Results: Out of 113 participants, 80 (70.8%) had pulmonary mycoses whilst those with pulmonary tuberculosis were 5 (4.4%). C. albicans 22.58% and Aspergillus species 17.20%) were the most aetiological agents for pulmonary mycoses identified among others. Of those who were TB GeneXpert positive, 2 (1.77%) of them were co-infected with pulmonary mycoses. We established a prevalence of 57 (71.3%) for PFI, 3 (60.0%) for MTB in HIV sero positive patients and 18 (22.5%) for PFI, 0 (0.00%) for MTB in HIV sero negative patients. On the other hand, 2 (100%) sero positive patients were co-infected with both PFI and MTB.Conclusion: Our findings highlight the medical importance of pulmonary fungal infections among patients suspected for TB. Importantly, the aetiological diversity established here is rich enough to suggest precise examination using different methods. Established scope of aetiological agents is predominated by opportunistic fungi which when superimposed on to certain underlying conditions such as TB, their effects can be fatal. Therefore this possibility presents a need to employ appropriate strategies for prevention, diagnosis, and management in TB suspects.

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A Cross-Sectional Survey of Knowledge of Skin Cancer in Saudi Arabia

Dermatology Practical & Conceptual ◽

10.5826/dpc.1103a76 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 2021076

Author(s):

Hend Al-Atif

Keyword(s):

Saudi Arabia ◽

Skin Cancer ◽

Population Sample ◽

Sun Exposure ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Common Source ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Awareness Campaigns ◽

Preventative Measures

Background: Skin cancer has become one of the world’s leading health problems, and incidence rates are on the rise. The leading causes of skin cancer are sun exposure, family history and sunburn, and the most agreed-upon preventative behaviors are sunscreen application and sun avoidance. Objectives: This study assessed the knowledge of the causes of skin cancer and awareness of preventative measures in Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 529 participants in a WhatsApp group over 3 months. Consenting participants completed a validated, 18-item questionnaire. Results: Of 529 total participants, nearly 55% of participants reported an awareness of skin cancer, 35% understood its metastasis and 55.1% knew about its spread. However, 44% of participants were unaware of the different types of the disease. Social media was reported to be the most common source of information. The majority of participants were able to identify symptoms of skin cancer and had knowledge of risk factors. Most participants understood proper preventative measures, and reported that they use sunscreen regularly. Conclusions: The general knowledge of skin cancer in Saudi Arabia is not high but is increasing. However, sun-protective behaviors are lacking, despite the population’s knowledge of the benefits. Awareness campaigns and incentive programs may encourage better preventative behavior. Future studies should explore participants’ awareness of more specific aspects of skin cancer using a more diverse and extensive population sample.

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