scholarly journals Status of pulmonary fungal infections among individuals with clinical signs of pulmonary tuberculosis at a University Teaching Hospital in Southwestern Uganda.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Israel Kiiza Njovu ◽  
Benson Musinguzi ◽  
James Mwesigye ◽  
Kennedy Kassaza ◽  
Joseph Turigurwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Study Participant ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Opportunistic Fungi ◽  
Pulmonary Fungal Infections

Abstract Background: Pulmonary mycoses are very important diseases of the respiratory tract and are responsible for significant morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. However less attention has been paid to them. In this study we determined the prevalence of pulmonary mycoses and their aetiological agents among individuals with clinical signs of pulmonary tuberculosis at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital (MRRH). Method: This was a Laboratory based cross sectional survey in which 113 participants were recruited. Sputum samples were corrected from each study participant. To each sample the following tests were done; Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) Culture, GeneXpert and Potassium hydroxide (KOH). Fungal growth of filamentous fungi and yeasts were further examined with LPCB and Germ tube respectively. Generated data was analysed using R studio. Results: Out of 113 participants, 80 (70.8%) had pulmonary mycoses whilst those with pulmonary tuberculosis were 5 (4.4%). C. albicans 22.58% and Aspergillus species 17.20%) were the most aetiological agents for pulmonary mycoses identified among others. Of those who were TB GeneXpert positive, 2 (1.77%) of them were co-infected with pulmonary mycoses. We established a prevalence of 57 (71.3%) for PFI, 3 (60.0%) for MTB in HIV sero positive patients and 18 (22.5%) for PFI, 0 (0.00%) for MTB in HIV sero negative patients. On the other hand, 2 (100%) sero positive patients were co-infected with both PFI and MTB.Conclusion: Our findings highlight the medical importance of pulmonary fungal infections among patients suspected for TB. Importantly, the aetiological diversity established here is rich enough to suggest precise examination using different methods. Established scope of aetiological agents is predominated by opportunistic fungi which when superimposed on to certain underlying conditions such as TB, their effects can be fatal. Therefore this possibility presents a need to employ appropriate strategies for prevention, diagnosis, and management in TB suspects.

scholarly journals Status of pulmonary fungal pathogens among individuals with clinical features of pulmonary tuberculosis at Mbarara University Teaching Hospital in Southwestern Uganda

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 204993612110424
Author(s):  
Israel Kiiza Njovu ◽  
Benson Musinguzi ◽  
James Mwesigye ◽  
Kennedy Kassaza ◽  
Joseph Turigurwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Study Participant ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Fungal Culture ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Pulmonary mycoses are important diseases of the respiratory tract caused by pulmonary fungal pathogens. These pathogens are responsible for significant morbidity and mortality rates worldwide; however, less attention has been paid to them. In this study we determined the prevalence of pulmonary fungal pathogens among individuals with clinical features of pulmonary tuberculosis at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital. Method: This was a hospital based cross sectional survey. Sputum samples were collected from each study participant. For each sample, the following tests were performed: Sabouraud dextrose agar for fungal culture, GeneXpert for Mycobacteria tuberculosis (MTB) and potassium hydroxide for fungal screening. Filamentous fungal growth and yeasts were further examined with lactophenol cotton blue staining and germ tube respectively. Results: Out of 113 study participants, 80 (70.7%) had pulmonary fungal pathogens whilst those with pulmonary tuberculosis numbered five (4.4%). Candida albicans [21 (22.58%)] and Aspergillus species [16 (17.20%)] were the pathogens most identified among others. Two (1.7%) TB GeneXpert positive participants had fungal pathogens isolated from their sputum samples. We established a prevalence of 57 (71.3%) for pulmonary fungal pathogen (PFP) isolates, three (60.0%) for MTB in HIV positive patients and 18 (22.5%) for PFP, and zero (0.0%) for MTB in HIV negative patients. On the other hand, two (100%) HIV positive patients had both PFP isolates and MTB. Conclusion: Our findings highlight the diversity of neglected pulmonary fungal pathogens whose known medical importance in causing pulmonary mycoses cannot be overemphasised. Therefore this presents a need for routine diagnosis for pulmonary mycoses among TB suspects and set-up of antimicrobial profile for pulmonary fungal isolates to support clinical management of these cases.

scholarly journals Tuberculosis Status and Coinfection of Pulmonary Fungal Infections in Patients Referred to Reference Laboratory of Health Centers Ghaemshahr City during 2007-2017

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Reza Jabbari Amiri ◽  
Rora Siami ◽  
Azad Khaledi
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
P Value ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pulmonary Fungal Infections ◽  
Student’S T

BACKGROUND: Pulmonary tuberculosis is one of the most important health concerns. Pulmonary fungal infections have clinical and radiological characteristics similar to tuberculosis which may be easily misdiagnosed as tuberculosis. This study aimed to evaluate tuberculosis (TB) status and coinfection of TB with pulmonary fungal infections in patients referred to reference laboratory of health centers Ghaemshahr city during 2007-2017.METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted during eleven years, between 2007 2017, on 3577 patients with suspected TB referred to health centers of Ghaemshahr City. For isolation, sputum smear preparation and Ziehl-Neelson staining in companying with microscopy direct observation and KOH 10% + white Calcofluor staining was used. The culture of fungi was performed on Sabouraud Dextrose agar, Czapek and chrome agar media. Then, data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 16) through Student's t-test, Fisher test, and Odds Ratio. P values <0.05 were considered statistically significant.RESULTS: Of 3577 patients, 10731 smears were prepared, 3.6% (n=130) of patients were identified as smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis, 86.4% (n=3090) were smear negative and 10% (n=357) drug-resistant TB. The mean age of patients was 48±1.8 years. With increasing age, the prevalence of TB has increased which was statistically significant (P value <0.05). Prevalence of tuberculosis in the age group over than 57 years in males and females had an ascending trend. Amongst the positive tuberculosis patients, 16/130 cases (12.3%) had the coinfection of TB with fungi microorganisms.CONCLUSION: Our findings showed the coinfection of fungi agents in patients with tuberculosis that should be considered. 

scholarly journals Clinico-mycological Evaluation of Dermatophytes in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Saurashtra, Gujarat, India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gopee E Makwana ◽  
Manish Mathur
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Trichophyton Mentagrophytes ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Humid Climate ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Opportunistic Fungi ◽  
Systemic Involvement

Introduction: Dermatophytes and opportunistic fungi are common skin infection mainly affecting superficial layers of integument with rare systemic involvement. The higher prevalence in India is supposedly due to the hot and humid climatic condition, occupation and low socio-economic status. Recent upsurge in fungal infections are due to increased incidence of immunosuppressive state. Aim: To study the clinical manifestation and mycological evaluation of dermatophytosis. Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional observational study was conducted during December 2007 to October 2009 in MP Shah Medical College and GG Hospital, Jamnagar, Gujarat, India. Samples were taken from 200 patients with clinically diagnosed dermatophytosis. Depending on the site of lesion, samples from skin, hair or nail were taken. These samples were than examined directly under microscope and cultured on Sabouraud’s Dextrose Agar (SDA) and Cornmeal Agar (CMA). Descriptive statistics like mean and percentages were used to infer results. Results: Out of 200 patients, 177 (88.5%) samples were positive by Potassium Hydroxide (KOH) mount while 127 (63.5%) samples were positive by culture. Most common species of dermatophytes identified was Trichophyton rubrum followed by Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Agricultural workers were found to be more prone to dermatophytic infection and males (61%) were more commonly affected than females (39%). Conclusion: Dermatophytosis is a common superficial mycotic infection in Saurashtra region where hot and humid climate, poor socio-economic condition and compromised personal hygiene play an important role in fungal growth. In the present study, tinea corporis was found to be the most common clinical type with T. rubrum being the commonest isolated species.

scholarly journals The Digestive Health among Participants of the Woodstock Rock Festival in Poland—A Cross-Sectional Survey

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 2256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina Skonieczna-Żydecka ◽  
Ewa Stachowska ◽  
Dominika Maciejewska ◽  
Karina Ryterska ◽  
Joanna Palma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Electronic Device ◽  
Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Study Participant ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Paper Version ◽  
Gastrointestinal Complaints

Alterations of gut microbiota, intestinal barrier and the gut-brain axis may be involved in pathophysiology of functional gastrointestinal disorders. Our aim was to assess the prevalence of digestive tract symptoms and identify common variables potentially disrupting the gut-brain axis among participants of the Woodstock Festival Poland, 2017. In total 428 people filled in a questionnaire assessing health of their digestive tract. The investigator collected answers on an electronic device, while the study participant responded using a paper version of the same questionnaire. Liver and gallbladder related symptoms were the most prevalent among our study group (n = 266, 62%), however symptoms related to altered intestinal permeability were found to be the most intensive complaints. In females the intensity of gastrointestinal complaints was higher compared to men (p < 0.05), as well as the incidence of factors with the potential to alter gut-brain axis (p < 0.0001). Chronic psychological distress, intake of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and antibiotics, were the most common associations with gastrointestinal symptoms, which were the most prevalent in females. Further attention should be focused on stress as one of the main factors negatively influencing public health.

scholarly journals Denture Stomatitis: Report of a Case with Rarely Used Treatment Modality and Review of Literature

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 116-119
Author(s):  
Parul Uppal Malhotra ◽  
Neera Ohri ◽  
Yagyeshwar Malhotra ◽  
Anindita Mallik
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Oral Candidiasis ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Dimorphic Fungus ◽  
Denture Stomatitis ◽  
Microbial Invasion

Candida albicans is the most common Candida species isolated from the oral cavity both in healthy and diseased. Candida albicans is a dimorphic fungus existing both in blastopore phase (yeast phase) and the hyphal or mycelial phase. Although these organisms typically colonize mucocutaneous surfaces, the latter can be portals of entry into deeper tissues when host defences are compromised. Denture stomatitis is a common form of oral candidiasis that manifests as a diffuse inflammation of the maxillary denture bearing areas & is associated with angular cheilitis. At least 70% of individuals with clinical signs of denture stomatitis exhibit fungal growth & these conditions most likely result from yeast colonization of the oral mucosa combined with Bacterial colonization. Candida species act as an endogenous infecting agent on tissue predisposed by chronic trauma to microbial invasion. At one time, oral fungal infections were rare findings in general dentist's office. They were more commonly seen in hospitalized and severely debilitated patients. However with enhanced medical and pharmaceutical technology, increasing numbers of ambulatory immunosuppressed individuals with oral fungal infections are seeking out general dentists for diagnosis and treatment of these lesions.

scholarly journals Candida Coinfection among Patients with Pulmonary tuberculosis in the World; A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Cross-Sectional Studies

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehran Ghazalibina ◽  
Ali Shakerimoghaddam ◽  
Azad Khaledi
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Secondary Infection ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Studies ◽  
Early Diagnose

Abstract Background Diagnosis of fungal co-infections in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis has critical importance. In this review, we aimed to determine the prevalence of candida coinfection in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.Methods The present systematic review of cross-sectional studies was conducted based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) Protocol. Studies published online in English from January 2001 to March 2019 were assessed. Literature search was performed in Web of Science, MEDLINE/PubMed, and Scopus databases using keywords combinations of “pulmonary fungal”, “pulmonary coinfection”, OR “pulmonary mycosis”, “pulmonary fungal infections/agents”, OR “polymicrobial infection”, OR “secondary infection”, OR “mixed infections”, “pulmonary candidiasis”, “fungi coinfection”, “fungal co-colonization”, AND “pulmonary tuberculosis”, OR “pulmonary TB”. Data was analyzed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software. Heterogeneity between studies was evaluated by Cochran's Q, and I 2 tests.Results The pooled global prevalence of candida coinfection among patients with pulmonary tuberculosis was 25.7% (95% CI: 23.7-27.9). C. albicans was the most prevalent Candida spp. with a pooled prevalence of 65.8% (95% CI: 54.3-75.7). Risk factors of candida coinfection included smoking, diabetes, advanced age, and low body mass index.Conclusion The present review showed the high rate of candida coinfection among patients suffering from pulmonary tuberculosis. Adequate measures are necessary to early diagnose and treat these infections.

scholarly journals Factors influencing quality of life and predictors of low quality of life scores in patients on treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis: a cross sectional study.

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olufunke O. Adeyeye ◽  
Olayinka O. Ogunleye ◽  
Ayodele Coker ◽  
Yetunde Kuyinu ◽  
Raymond T. Bamisile ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
World Health Organization Quality ◽  
Factors Influencing

There is paucity of information on the quality of life of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in Nigeria. This study assessed the factors influencing their quality of life and the independent predictors of low quality of life scores. Two hundred and sixty consecutive patients with pulmonary tuberculosis seen at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital were evaluated for health related quality of life using the World Health Organization Quality of life instrument (WHOQoL-BREF). Sociodemographic characteristics of the patients were related to the various domains of quality of life and a multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the independent predictors of low quality of life scores in the patients. The mean age of the patients was 36.7±12 years. Sex, age and marital status of patients were found to influence quality of life scores. The independent predictors of low quality of life scores were low monthly income, duration of the illness, concomitant illnesses, unemployment, advancing age and male gender. Several socio demographic and economic factors influenced the quality of life of patients with tuberculosis and are predictive of poor scores. It is important to consider these factors when treating patients with tuberculosis to optimise outcome of care.

scholarly journals Prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis among prison inmates: A cross-sectional survey at the Correctional and Detention Facility of Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. e0181995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Séri ◽  
Ange Koffi ◽  
Christine Danel ◽  
Timothée Ouassa ◽  
Marcel-Angora Blehoué ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Prison Inmates ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Detention Facility ◽  
Côte D'ivoire

scholarly journals KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE TOWARDS ANTHRAX AT THE ANTHRAX BELT SIRAJGONJ DISTRICT IN BANGLADESH

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Rahman ◽  
M. S. Hossain ◽  
M. S. Haque ◽  
M. R. Nabi ◽  
M. G. Morshed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Questionnaire Survey ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Zoonotic Diseases ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Survey Knowledge

Background: Anthrax is one of the most important endemic zoonotic diseases due to its negative impact on the smallholder farmers associated with mortality in livestock and disease in humans in Bangladesh. Objective: The main objective of this investigation was to assess the extent of knowledge, awareness, attitude and practices addressing anthrax in animals and humans in the communities of Bangladesh Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted in the ‘anthrax belt’ Sirajgonj district where several anthrax outbreaks have been reported in both the livestock and humans. A total of 26 household were selected randomly for sampling from each of four villages during the period from August to December 2013. A total of 104 adult respondents participated in the questionnaire survey and the data were calculated by using the formula 4 pq/d2 and Chi-square test using software. Results: Result shows that 55.8% of the community respondents had knowledge of anthrax, while 44.2% of them did not. Analysis of anthrax cases record obtained from respondents showed 49.8% animals, 44.0% humans and 6.2% birds affected with this disease. Only 18.3 to 28.2% respondents knew the clinical signs cutaneous, gastro-intestinal and pulmonary forms, whereas 13.3 to 25.5% respondents knew more than one transmission routes in animals and humans. A certain percentage (2.9 to 16.8% & 8.9 to 20.9%) of community people obtained information on the outbreaks of anthrax in animals and humans from communication media, NGO workers and community health workers. Conclusions: The knowledge on anthrax of the participants was low with no consistent understanding of the disease. The educated family members in farming practices could improve the awareness and knowledge towards zoonotic diseases including anthrax. These findings could be useful for the decision makers to build technical capacity of veterinary medical services and to foster a ‘One Health’ approach especially a continued infection prevention and control training program for animal owners and local residents with close surveillance and reporting, burying or cremation of dead animal carcasses and decontamination and disinfection procedures as well as immunization of animals against anthrax to prevent the infection in endemic areas. Keywords: Anthrax, Bangladesh, Questionnaire survey, Knowledge, Attitude, Anthrax belt district

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