Reservoir Engineering and Geomechanical Aspects of Well Plugging and Abandonment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qianru Qi ◽  
Khoja Ghaliah ◽  
Iraj Ershaghi
Keyword(s):  
Reservoir Modeling ◽  
Hydrocarbon Gases ◽  
Sovereign State ◽  
The Public ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Us ◽  
Potential Formation ◽  
To Come ◽  
Well Abandonment ◽  
The Cost

Abstract With the maturation of many oilfields, further well abandonments will occur in the years to come. There are issues about improper well abandonment that can have far-reaching effects for responsible companies or entities. At this time in the US, where most of the operation is operated by non-government entities, sometimes the sovereign state may end up covering the cost of well abandonment when the operator is not financially capable in managing such costs. That will be a burden to the public taxpayers. In this paper, we review an important aspect of the well abandonment practices and at present, based on a reservoir modeling approach, more clearance on the potential formation of free gas that can be a cause of concern. We also discuss the integrity issues of the sealing process. We point out how the development of cracks caused by many factors, including geomechanical effects or slow deterioration of the cement seal, in the long run, may result in generating escape paths for the evolved hydrocarbon gases.

scholarly journals Analysis of Tourist Flow from the US to Taiwan

2015 ◽  
Vol 65 (s2) ◽  
pp. 369-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yen-Hsun Chen ◽  
Hsin-Hong Kang
Keyword(s):  
Tourism Demand ◽  
Cost Of Living ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Us ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Vector Auto Regression ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Auto Regression ◽  
Tourist Flow

It is important for Taiwanese policy makers to understand how economic factors affect US tourists’ decision to travel to Taiwan. For the long-run analysis, Johansen’s cointegration test reveals that three cointegration vectors exist among the model variables, indicating a long-run relationship. To conduct a short-run analysis, this paper employs vector auto regression (VAR) to estimate the responses of US tourists in Taiwan to the shocks of changes to personal disposable income, cost of living, and substitute price. The short-run equilibrium adjustment processes are discussed in terms of generalized impulse response. The results show an immediate and significant response of changes in tourist arrivals to their own impacts, changes in the cost of living, and changes in the substitute price. In addition, the price, income, and cross-elasticity of tourism demand are all positive at the beginning of the responses, implying that the tourism products can be attributed to normal and substitute goods.

scholarly journals Determining Textbook Cost, Formats, and Licensing with Google Books API: A Case Study from an Open Textbook Project

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-99
Author(s):  
Eamon Costello ◽  
Richard Bolger ◽  
Tiziana Soverino ◽  
Mark Brown
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
North America ◽  
Education Institution ◽  
The Public ◽  
College Course ◽  
The Us ◽  
Google Books ◽  
Retail Prices ◽  
The Cost

The rising cost of textbooks for students has been highlighted as a major concern in higher education, particularly in the US and Canada. Less has been reported, however, about the costs of textbooks outside of North America, including in Europe. We address this gap in the knowledge through a case study of one Irish higher education institution, focusing on the cost, accessibility, and licensing of textbooks. We report here on an investigation of textbook prices drawing from an official college course catalog containing several thousand books. We detail how we sought to determine metadata of these books including: the formats they are available in, whether they are in the public domain, and the retail prices. We explain how we used methods to automatically determine textbook costs using Google Books API and make our code and dataset publicly available. 

Pharmaceutical Promotion in Canada: Convince Them or Confuse Them

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Lexchin
Keyword(s):  
Medical Profession ◽  
The Public ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Drug Companies ◽  
Public Media ◽  
Pharmaceutical Promotion ◽  
The Government ◽  
To Come ◽  
Cost Of Drugs ◽  
The Cost

Currently, drug companies are spending in excess of $200 million annually on promoting their products to Canadian physicians. Although the industry has adopted a voluntary code of advertising practice, this has not prevented gross excesses in all forms of pharmaceutical promotion: drug-company sponsored continuing medical education, and promotion through the public media, detailers, direct mail, sampling, and journal advertising. Not only does advertising add to the cost of drugs, but physicians' reliance on information conveyed through advertising leads to poor prescribing and consequently to significant adverse health effects for patients. Reforms of promotional practices are possible, but the initiative is unlikely to come from either the medical profession or the government. Pressure applied through an emerging grass-roots movement is the best hope for change.

scholarly journals BUILDING A GREEN COMMERCIAL COMPLEX USING GREEN BUILDING MATERIALS AND USING SUSTAINABLE AND SMART RESOURCES- A CASE STUDY

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rameez ut Tauheed ◽  
Ankit Chawla ◽  
Kartik Chauhan ◽  
Mohit Tewatia ◽  
Vishal Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Green Building ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Green Building Materials ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Green Structure

— Lately there has been a change in perspective in development ventures towards eco agreeable and manageable development and advancement. On account of which numerous structures are planned as eco cordial and reasonable called green structures by alteration of building materials and current innovation through which we will be equipped for diminishing harm to the nature. In the long run, the green structure manages the cost of a significant degree of financial and designing execution, which drives us to the improvement of group of people yet to come.

scholarly journals Technical and Economic Analysis of Solar Photovoltaic Water Pumps against Conventional Systems in Common Crops in Ilocos Sur, Philippines

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 1030-1039
Author(s):  
Cherie Orpia, Julius Orpia, Milagros Liberato
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Equipment Sizing ◽  
To Come ◽  
Solar Pump ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Water Pumps ◽  
Conventional Systems

Irrigation is a well-established procedure on many farms and is practiced around the world. However, typical irrigation systems consume a great amount of conventional energy using electric motors and generators powered by fuel. The cost of solar panels has been continually decreasing, which encourages its usage in various sectors, including agriculture, where irrigation is a crucial economic driver. The study analyzed and compared PV technology against conventional irrigation technology in common crops in Ilocos Sur. Equipment sizes were optimally determined using available irrigation requirements, rainfall data, farm area, and available equipment sizes in Ilocos Sur. Equipment sizing and economic analysis were based on one hectare of land. The cash flow analysis was conducted over an assumed equipment life of 20 years to be able to come up with levelized water pumping costs. Results showed that with typical farmland in Ilocos Sur, the farmland must be alternately planted with rice and corn to be able to be fully utilized all year round. The study showed that the solar pump installation has a heavy upfront investment cost compared to the conventional system. Due to no fuel and little to no maintenance needed, the solar pump turned out to be more economically feasible in the long run. In the 20-year life of both equipment, pumping one cubic meter of water using a solar pump is only PHP 1.35 while for gasoline, it is PHP 5.44 or around four times more expensive based on the prevailing cost at the time of the study.

Integrated

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
James W. Miller
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
African Americans ◽  
State Legislature ◽  
Transitional Period ◽  
Quarter Century ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Us ◽  
To Come ◽  
White School

It is 1960, six years after the US Supreme Court ruled that segregation in the public schools was prohibited and states were ordered to come up with plans for integrating African Americans into the white school systems. An unanticipated response to desegregation was that not all African Americans favored the process, because it meant that some of their cherished institutions would be changed forever. Few such institutions were affected more than the strong tradition of black high school basketball. And nowhere in the nation was that tradition stronger than in basketball-mad Kentucky, where more than fifty black high schools proudly competed in their own league for more than a quarter century. The Kentucky experience of desegregation reflects the dissonance when logic meets emotion. The story centers on Lincoln Institute, a black high school near Louisville founded in 1912 after the state legislature passed a law “to prohibit white and colored persons from attending the same school.” Lincoln Institute was led by a charismatic academic and theologian named Whitney M. Young. In more than three decades as the school's leader, Young overcame prejudice, funding issues, and politics to create a bastion of excellence and respect in the black community. In Integrated, former Lincoln Institute players, students, and teachers tell their stories of angst, regret, and resilience during a largely ignored transitional period in the nation's story of desegregation. Their experiences within the broader racial themes of the 1950s and 1960s provide a unique perspective on one of America's most transformative periods.

Medical Malpractice: The Case for Contract

1976 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Epstein
Keyword(s):  
Medical Care ◽  
Medical Malpractice ◽  
Public Concern ◽  
The Public ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Malpractice Insurance ◽  
Average Size ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Medical Malpractice Insurance

Medical malpractice, a subject that once languished in comparative obscurity, has in recent years become one of the most hotly debated topics of our time. The reasons for its surge to prominence, not only in medical and legal circles but also in the public eye, are not difficult to detect. Vast increases, slow at first but more rapid of late, have been evident in the number of medical malpractice actions; in the number of actions in which the plaintiffs have recovered; in the average size of their recovery; and, as a consequence, in the cost of medical malpractice insurance. In and of itself the unmistakable trend in the figures need not be a source of public concern. We could simply wash our hands of the whole affair and indulge in the happy assumption that the matter eventually will sort itself out in the marketplace. The cost of malpractice awards could be treated as just another cost of providing medical care that will, in the long run at least, be passed on to either taxpayer or consumer.

scholarly journals Penilaian Jasa Wisata Kebun Binatang Bumi Kedaton Resort Di Bandar Lampung Dengan Pendekatan Metode Biaya Perjalanan

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ade Prenada ◽  
Samsul Bakri ◽  
Susni Herwanti
Keyword(s):  
Economic Value ◽  
P Value ◽  
Tourist Attractions ◽  
Travel Costs ◽  
The Public ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Tourism Services

Tourism object Bumi Kedaton Resort (BKR) is one of the tourist attractions that can be found in the Province of Lampung and opened to the public in 2009 so that the unknown diversity of attitude necessary for a visitor management strategy from BKR to be able to attract visitors because of competition in the world tourist attractions then increasingly need to give satisfaction to the visitor so that visitors wishing to come back. Therefore need to do research to find out the value of tourist services BKR and economic characteristics of visitors. Economic value of tourism services can be found using the method of travel expenses. The research was carried out in December 2014-February 2015 by doing the interview and questionnaire distributed directly to the respondent as much as 99 people. Sampling of respondents do with inccidental sampling methods respondents who happened to be there on site research with sampling techniques in a non random sampling because not all individuals in the population earn the same opportunities to provide samples. Sampling is done starting at 09:00am-4:00 pm WIB each day and by the time the school holidays, christmas, new year and chinese new year. The results of the determination of the cost of travel of visitors then tested with the method of multiple linear regression using software Minitab 16. The research results showed that travel costs averaged visitors amounted to Rp. 109.176,26/people/visits for all zoning are examined. Calculation based on research data obtained economic values of tourism services BKR is Rp. 24.559.199,69/year. Characteristics that give visitors a real influence against the economic value of tourism services BKR i.e. time visiting when the Sunday school holiday, Chinese new year, christmas and new year, as well as the distance that has value P Value < 0.1. The influence of the dependent variables simultaneously (R-Sq) was 96,6% and R-Sq (adj) is 95,4%.Keywords: Demographic, economic value, tourism services, travel cost.

The Power of Ideas

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Pool
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature Superconductors ◽  
The Other ◽  
Patent Office ◽  
Multiple Signals ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Press ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Cost ◽  
History Books

When Edison introduced his new-fangled electric-lighting system, he found a receptive audience. The public, the press, and even his competitors— with the possible exception of the gaslight industry—recognized that here was a technology of the future. Alexander Graham Bell, on the other hand, had a tougher time. In 1876, just three years before Edison would create a practical light bulb, Bell’s invention of the telephone fell flat. “A toy,” his detractors huffed. What good was it? The telegraph already handled communications quite nicely, thank you, and sensible inventors should be trying to lower the cost and improve the quality of telegraphy. Indeed, that’s just what one of Bell’s rivals, Elisha Gray, did—to his everlasting regret. Gray had come up with a nearly identical telephone some months before Bell, but he had not patented it. Instead, he had turned his attention back to the telegraph, searching for a way to carry multiple signals over one line. When Gray eventually did make it to the patent office with his telephone application, he was two hours behind Bell. Those two hours would cost him a place in the history books and one of the most lucrative patents of all time. Some months later, Bell offered his patent to the telegraph giant Western Union for a pittance—$100,000—but company officials turned him down. The telephone, they thought, had no future. It wasn’t until the next year, when Bell had gotten financing to develop his creation on his own, that Western Union began to have second thoughts. Then the company approached Thomas Edison to come up with a similar machine that worked on a different principle so that it could sidestep the Bell patent and create its own telephone. Eventually, the competitors combined their patents to create the first truly adequate telephones, and the phone industry took off. By 1880 there were 48,000 phones in use, and a decade later nearly five times that. More recently, when high-temperature superconductors were first created in 1986, the experts seemed to be competing among themselves to forecast the brightest future for the superconductor industry.

scholarly journals Neoliberal Reforms in Higher Education and the Import of Institutions

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Rustem Nureev ◽  
Vyacheslav Volchik ◽  
Wadim Strielkowski
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Relative Reduction ◽  
The Public ◽  
Demand For Education ◽  
Neoliberal Reforms ◽  
Positive Externalities ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Private Demand ◽  
The Cost

The implementation of neoliberal reforms in higher education coincides with the radical institutional changes in the transition from a planned to a market economy. The modernization of higher education is also connected with the concept of the “entrepreneurial” university that represents a third-generation university with an emphasis on optimization and marketing. However, economic policy aimed at reforming and developing the public sector is based on the import of institutions related to the production of public and mixed goods. In this paper, we show that neoliberal reforms threaten the welfare state in transition economies such as the Russian Federation. In addition to marketing, monetization, and commercialization, all areas of the public sector underwent an optimization policy, which primarily implied a relative reduction in the cost of producing public goods. The rhetoric of the marketing of education represents the modern state’s masked refusal to fulfill a part of its social obligations. Moreover, we argue that market channels intended for financing education are highly dependent on the income level of the population, the availability of institutions and the infrastructure for raising funds, and, most importantly, the development of the educational services market. Within this context, another significant factor is represented by the positive externalities from the prevalence and quality of education. Thence, our results show that insufficient private demand for education, including higher education, can negatively affect the prospects for the country’s socio-economic development in the medium and long run.

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