A Novel Approach for Near Wellbore Stimulation and Deposits Removal Utilizing Thermochemical Reaction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah Alharith ◽  
Sulaiman Albassam ◽  
Thamer Al-Zahrani
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Work ◽  
Sulfamic Acid ◽  
Inert Gas ◽  
Nitrogen Gas ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Limestone Sample ◽  
Wellbore Temperature ◽  
Acidic Salt ◽  
Organic Deposits ◽  
Thermochemical Reaction

Abstract Organic and inorganic deposits play a major issue and concern in the wellbore of oil wells. This paper discusses the utilization of a new and novel approach utilizing a thermochemical recipe that shows a successful impact on both organic and inorganic deposits, as an elimination agent, and functions as stimulation fluid to improve the permeability of the near wellbore formation. The new recipe consists of mixing nitrite salt with sulfamic acid in the wellbore at the target zone. The product of this reaction includes heat, acidic salt, and nitrogen gas. The heat of the reaction is enough to liquefy the organic deposits, and the acidic salt will tackle the carbonate scale in the tube and will increase the permeability of the near wellbore area. The nitrogen gas is an inert gas; it will not affect the reaction and will help to flow back the well after the treatment. The experimental work shows an increment in the temperature by 65 °C when mixing the two chemicals. The test was conducted at room conditions and the temperature reached around 90 °C. Adding another 65 °C to the wellbore temperature is enough to melt asphaltene and wax, the acidic salt tackles carbonate scale. As a result, the mixture works on eliminating both the organic and inorganic deposits. The permeability of the limestone sample shows an increment of 65% when treated by the mixture of the reaction recipe. The uniqueness of the new thermochemical recipe is the potential of performing three objectives at the same time; the heat of the reaction removes the organic deposits in the wellbore, the acidic salt tackles carbonate scale, and improves the permeability of the near wellbore zone.

Probabilistic Feature Attention as an Alternative to Variables in Phonotactic Learning

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-56
Author(s):  
Brandon Prickett
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Work ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Phonological Acquisition ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Free Model ◽  
Cast Doubt ◽  
Feature Attention ◽  
Phonotactic Learning ◽  
Past Experimental Work ◽  
Algebraic Representations

Abstract Since Halle (1962), explicit algebraic variables (often called alpha notation) have been commonplace in phonological theory. However, Hayes and Wilson (2008) proposed a variable-free model of phonotactic learning, sparking a debate about whether such algebraic representations are necessary to capture human phonological acquisition. While past experimental work has found evidence that suggested a need for variables in models of phonology (Berent et al. 2012, Moreton 2012, Gallagher 2013), this paper presents a novel mechanism, Probabilistic Feature Attention (PFA), that allows a variable-free model of phonotactics to predict a number of these phenomena. Additionally, experimental results involving phonological generalization that cannot be explained by variables are captured by this novel approach. These results cast doubt on whether variables are necessary to capture human-like phonotactic learning and provide a useful alternative to such representations.

Improved Conformality of CVD Titanium Nitride Films

1998 ◽  
Vol 555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinye Liu ◽  
Yuan Z. LU ◽  
Roy G. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Nitride ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Nitrogen Gas ◽  
Silicon Dioxide Layer ◽  
Ammonia Gas ◽  
Tin Films ◽  
Step Coverage ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Sticking Coefficients

AbstractWe demonstrate a novel approach to improving the step coverage of thin films made by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Titanium nitride (TiN) films were deposited by atmospheric pressure CVD using tetrakis(diethylamido)titanium vapor (TDEAT) and ammonia gas (NH3) carried in nitrogen gas. Trimethylamine (NMe3) gas was added during some of the depositions. The substrates were patterned silicon wafers having holes with aspect ratio of 3.5 through a silicon dioxide layer. We discovered that the step coverage was significantly increased for TiN films made with NMe3. At 320 °C, the step coverage was increased from 70% to nearly 100%. Within the range of deposition temperatures used in our study, 320 °C to 370 °C, the amount of improvement increased as the deposition temperature decreased. The trimethylamine did not increase the resistivity or the impurity levels in the films, but it did reduce the growth rate slightly. We suggest that the trimethylamine adsorbs onto the surface, temporarily blocking some of the sites on which growth could take place. Thus the effective sticking coefficients for the precursors are decreased, and the step coverage is increased.

CFD Simulation of Pyrolysis of Lignite in a Downstream Fluidized Bed

2012 ◽  
Vol 457-458 ◽  
pp. 515-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Li Sun ◽  
Rong Zhang ◽  
Lv Hong Zhang ◽  
Ya Nan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Coal Combustion ◽  
Cfd Simulation ◽  
Inert Gas ◽  
Combustion Model ◽  
Particle Track ◽  
Nitrogen Gas ◽  
Commercial Software ◽  
Injection Point

This paper works with the CFD simulation of the process of pyrolysis of lignite particles in a downstream fluidized bed, which actually means the particles would fall down from the injection point and escape the furnace from the bottom. The particle track is solved by using the Lagrangian approach, while the flow of the inert gas (nitrogen) is dealt with by the Eulerian approach. The heat transferred from the nitrogen gas to the surface of particle is computed by means of the famous Ranz-Marshall correlation. The chemical reactions are simulated using part of the coal combustion model inserted in the commercial software used.

Non-invasive assessment of cardiac output during mechanical ventilation – a novel approach using an inert gas rebreathing method

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-151
Author(s):  
Werner Nickl ◽  
Till Bugaj ◽  
Thomas Mondritzki ◽  
Kathrin Kuhlebrock ◽  
Winfried Dinh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Inert Gas ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Inert Gas Rebreathing ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Rebreathing Method

scholarly journals Project VLAB-FIS: a novel approach to engage students on experimental work in Physics

2021 ◽  
Vol 1929 (1) ◽  
pp. 012023
Author(s):  
P Simeâo Carvalho ◽  
N A Machado ◽  
P P Araujo
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Work ◽  
Novel Approach

scholarly journals Let's talk (efficiently) about us: Person systems achieve near-optimal compression

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noga Zaslavsky ◽  
Mora Maldonado ◽  
Jennifer Culbertson
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Work ◽  
Personal Pronoun ◽  
Test Set ◽  
Information Theoretic ◽  
Recent Information ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Egocentric Bias ◽  
Best Fitting ◽  
Recent Experimental Work ◽  
Fitting Model

Systems of personal pronouns (e.g., 'you' and 'I') vary widely across languages, but at the same time not all possible systems are attested. Linguistic theories have generally accounted for this in terms of strong grammatical constraints, but recent experimental work challenges this view. Here, we take a novel approach to understanding personal pronoun systems by invoking a recent information-theoretic framework for semantic systems that predicts that languages efficiently compress meanings into forms. We find that a test set of cross-linguistically attested personal pronoun systems achieves near-optimal compression, supporting the hypothesis that efficient compression shapes semantic systems. Further, our best-fitting model includes an egocentric bias that favors a salient speaker representation, accounting for a well-known typological generalization of person systems ('Zwicky's Generalization') without the need for a hard grammatical constraint.

An Investigation into the Analysis of Nitrogen for Hydrogen by Emission Spectroscopy

1964 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 152-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Dickinson ◽  
G. V. Wheeler
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Experimental Work ◽  
Discharge Tube ◽  
Emission Spectroscopy ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Cold Trap ◽  
Nitrogen Gas ◽  
Electrodeless Discharge ◽  
Grating Monochromator

Continuous monitoring of hydrogen in flowing nitrogen gas was needed in connection with experimental work at the USAEC's National Reactor Testing Station. One of the methods investigated was emission spectroscopy, using quartz envelope electrodeless discharge tube excitation. The sample gas was passed through a cold trap to eliminate water vapor and hydrocarbon vapors before entering the discharge tube at a pressure of two mm Hg. Using a grating monochromator with photomultiplier detection set at 4861.3A hydrogen can be determined down to about 0.05% (v/v).

scholarly journals Biological landmark Vs quasi-landmarks for 3D face recognition and gender classification

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 4069
Author(s):  
Hawraa H. Abbas ◽  
Ammar A. Altameemi ◽  
Hameed R. Farhan
Keyword(s):  
Computer Vision ◽  
Pattern Recognition ◽  
Face Recognition ◽  
Experimental Work ◽  
Computer Graphic ◽  
Gender Classification ◽  
3D Face Recognition ◽  
3D Face ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
And Gender

Face recognition and gender classification are vital topics in the field of computer graphic and pattern recognition. We utilized ideas from two growing ideas in computer vision, which are biological landmarks and quasi-landmarks (dense mesh) to propose a novel approach to compare their performance in face recognition and gender classification. The experimental work is conducted on FRRGv2 dataset and acquired 98% and 94% face recognition accuracies using the quasi and biological landmarks respectively. The gender classification accuracies are 92% for quasi-landmarks and 90% for biological landmarks.

The Structure of Radiation Cross-Linked Poly (ethylene oxide) Gels

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 76-77
Author(s):  
C. E. Cluthe ◽  
G. G. Cocks
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Ethylene Oxide ◽  
Parallel Plate ◽  
Average Molecular Weight ◽  
Radical Reaction ◽  
Free Radical Reaction ◽  
Nitrogen Gas ◽  
Poly Ethylene Oxide ◽  
Poly Ethylene ◽  
Initial Viscosity

Aqueous solutions of a 1 weight-per cent poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO) were degassed under vacuum, transferred to a parallel plate viscometer under a nitrogen gas blanket, and exposed to Co60 gamma radiation. The Co60 source was rated at 4000 curies, and the dose ratewas 3.8x105 rads/hr. The poly (ethylene oxide) employed in the irradiations had an initial viscosity average molecular weight of 2.1 x 106.The solutions were gelled by a free radical reaction with dosages ranging from 5x104 rads to 4.8x106 rads.

Fission Gas Bubbles in Fractured UO2

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 286-287
Author(s):  
O. M. Katz
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Thermal Gradient ◽  
Gas Bubbles ◽  
Inert Gas ◽  
Thermal Gradients ◽  
Fission Gas ◽  
Beam Heating ◽  
Limited Application ◽  
Bubble Characteristics ◽  
Electron Beam Heating

The swelling of irradiated UO2 has been attributed to the migration and agglomeration of fission gas bubbles in a thermal gradient. High temperatures and thermal gradients obtained by electron beam heating simulate reactor behavior and lead to the postulation of swelling mechanisms. Although electron microscopy studies have been reported on UO2, two experimental procedures have limited application of the results: irradiation was achieved either with a stream of inert gas ions without fission or at depletions less than 2 x 1020 fissions/cm3 (∼3/4 at % burnup). This study was not limited either of these conditions and reports on the bubble characteristics observed by transmission and fractographic electron microscopy in high density (96% theoretical) UO2 irradiated between 3.5 and 31.3 x 1020 fissions/cm3 at temperatures below l600°F. Preliminary results from replicas of the as-polished and etched surfaces of these samples were published.

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