Industry First Openhole Alternate Path Gravel Pack Completion in HPHT Environment: Fluid Development and Case History

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pradeep Pillai ◽  
Chih-Cheng Lin ◽  
Jonathan Brege ◽  
Raj Mohan ◽  
Edward Derkach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case History ◽  
System Integration ◽  
Fluid Management ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Carrier Fluid ◽  
Sand Control ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Pumping Equipment ◽  
Gravel Pack

Abstract For offshore wells requiring sand control, Open Hole Gravel Packing (OHGP) with or without shunted screen technology is a common completion technique. Prior to this paper, there has been no application of shunted screen OHGP in High-Pressure High-Temperature (HPHT) environment due to lack of a viscous fluid availability in high-density divalent brines (> 14.6 lbm/U.S. gal). For the case study, the fluid requirements in terms of density and temperature were 15.4 lbm/U.S. gal and 265°F, respectively. The only brine option at this density was a blend of calcium chloride/bromide and zinc bromide. In this brine and density, none of the existing fluids work hence a novel polymer-based fluid had to be developed. The fluid had to pass the following tests a) rheology before and after subjecting to high shear of both uncontaminated and contaminated fluids at 3 different temperatures b) sand settling tests at 4 different temperatures c) Production Screen Tester to ensure the fluid does not plug the screens during the job. System Integration Tests (SIT) were performed to ensure the mixing equipment would be able to batch mix the fluid and actual pumping equipment would function properly with the fluid. The field trial planning included simulations, pre-job meetings, and fluid management plan. The job was executed as per the procedure outlined during pre-job meetings. This paper discusses laboratory development, yard test qualification, and successful shunted screen OHGP case history of a novel 15.4 lbm/U.S. gal viscous gravel pack carrier fluid.

Extending Gravel Pack Carrier Fluid Performance in Highly Deviated Well for 7-Inch Gravel Pack Completion without Shunt Tube by Using High Grade Suspension Gravel Pack Fluid in Mahakam Offshore

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Putu Yudis ◽  
Doffie Cahyanto Santoso ◽  
Edo Tanujaya ◽  
Kristoforus Widyas Tokoh ◽  
Rahmat Sinaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Method ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Sand Production ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Carrier Fluid ◽  
Sand Control ◽  
Gravel Pack

Abstract In unconsolidated sand reservoirs, proper sand control completion methods are necessary to help prevent reservoir sand production. Failure due to sand production from surface equipment damage to downhole equipment failures which can ultimately result in loss of well integrity and worst-case catastrophic failure. Gravel Packing is currently the most widely used sand control method for controlling sand production in the oil and gas industry to deliver a proppant filter in the annular space between an unconsolidated formation and a centralized integrated screen in front of target zones. Additional mechanical skin and proper proppant packing downhole are the most critical objective when implementing gravel packs as part of a completion operation. This paper presents a case history of Well SX that was designed as single-trip multi-zone completion 7-inch casing, S-shape well type, having 86 deg inclination along 1300 meters, 4 to 5-meter perforation range interval and 54 deg inclination in front of the reservoir with total depth of 3800 mMD. The well consists of 4 zones of interest which had previously been treated with a two-trip gravel pack system. While Well NX was designed as single-trip multi-zone completion in 7-inch casing, J-shape well type, 8-meter perforation interval and 84 deg inclination in front of the reservoir with total depth of 3300 mMD. The well consists of two zones of interest which had previously been treated with a single-trip gravel pack system. Both wells are in the Sisi-Nubi field offshore Mahakam on East Kalimantan Province of Borneo, Indonesia. This paper discusses the downhole completion design and operation as well as the changes to the gravel pack carrier which overcame challenges such as high friction in the 7" lower completion and the potential for an improper annular gravel pack due to the lack of shunt tubes in a highly deviated wellbore. In vertical wellbores, obtaining a complete annular pack is relatively easy to accomplish but in highly deviated wellbores, the annular gravel pack is more difficult to achieve and can contribute additional skin. Tibbles at al (2007) noted that installing a conventional gravel pack could result in skin values of 40 to 50, mostly due to poor proppant packing in perforation tunnels. Therefore, operator required to find a reliable gravel pack carrier fluid optimization for typical highly deviated wells to overcome the potential sand production issues by applying a single-trip multi-zone sand control system across both zones (without shunt tubes) along with the utilization of a high-grade xanthan biopolymer gravel pack carrier fluid. Laboratory testing was conducted to ensure that the gravel pack fluid could transport the sand to the sand control completion, large enough to allow for a complete annular pack and still allow the excess slurry to be circulated out of the hole. Electronic gravel pack simulations were performed to ensure that rate/pressure/sand concentration would allow for a complete gravel pack. All four zones in Both of Well SX and NX were successfully gravel packed with a high rate, relatively high sand concentration slurry. The well has not exhibited any sand production issues to date. The current production from both wells is above expectation and are comingled from the two primary zones. Multiple factors were considered during the design and operation of the sand control treatment. Those factors will be described in this paper, starting with candidate selection, completion strategy, operational challenges and treatment execution along with production monitoring of the well.

One Trip 7" Multi Zone Gravel Pack System: Success Case and Learning Points from the First Installation in Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Helmi Nordin ◽  
Ajmal Faliq Jamal ◽  
M. Helmie Hairi ◽  
Sunanda Magna Bela
Keyword(s):  
High Rate ◽  
Control Technique ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Design Factor ◽  
Carrier Fluid ◽  
Recent Success ◽  
Sand Control ◽  
The One ◽  
Gravel Pack ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Main reservoirs in this brown field are designed with Cased Hole Gravel Pack (CHGP), which is a proven sand control technique in the area. Most multi-stack reservoirs in these wells require individual sand control treatment on each zone as the formation properties varies from one to another. One of the most recent success case was the installation of One Trip 7" Multi Zone System that enabled implementation of an optimized High Rate Water Pack sand control operation in the casing size. This new technique helps to make more multi zone CHGP in infill or sidetracked wells feasible and more economical. Previously, CHGP design in 7" casing was limited to stack pack design which means the steps of sump packer installation, perforation, deburr run, GP assembly installation and GP pumping have to be repeated for every zone. The repeated process was laborious and incurred a lot of cost due to the extensive rig time. With the new 7" one-trip design that evolved from the existing 9-5/8" system, the multiple zone GP treatment can be done in single trip and contributes to significantly reduced well cost. One of the design consideration that need to be focused on is selection of carrier fluid to ensure optimum carrying capability during proppant placement while reducing the pumping friction through the one trip system. Full coverage of screens and blanks was achieved for both zones that were completed with the One Trip 7" Multi Zone completion. Both zones were treated with hybrid pack that is combination of circulating and HRWP. The primary objectives on optimizing rig time were achieved in eliminating multiple runs for different zones, as well as reducing risks of multiple disengagement with lower assembly that adds difficulty during reverse-out operation. One of the key limitations of this system is the high friction pressure when pumping through long concentric wash pipes and this can affect the effectiveness during proppant reverse out, especially considering the burst rating of the casing as well. Due to this known restriction, cement have been designed and tested up to the anticipated annular pressure during reversing out operation. Another design factor that could also pose a challenge during operation is the limit of sand concentration that is 1 ppa and this again is due to concentric wash pipe design.

Multizone Openhole Gravel Packing with Enhanced Shunt Screens and Zonal Isolation in High-Rate Gas Wells

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross Markham ◽  
Alastair Michell ◽  
David Noblett ◽  
Bernard McCartan ◽  
Septiandi Sugiarto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Capital Expenditure ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Carrier Fluid ◽  
Shunt Tube ◽  
Sand Control ◽  
Zonal Isolation ◽  
Gravel Pack

Abstract A reliable single-trip openhole multizone completion can significantly lower capital expenditure (CAPEX) by reducing rig time and well count. Recent improvements in openhole packers and enhanced shunt screen technology have enabled multizone openhole gravel pack completions with complete zonal isolation. A multizone openhole gravel-pack completion was installed in the Julimar Field with an enhanced shunt screen system, shunted mechnaical packers (SMP) and shunt tube isolation valves (STIV), to provide improved operating pressure envelope and erosion tolerance. Well design was tailored to derisk the installation and optimize performance of the multizone completion. Extensive reliability testing was undertaken on all new technology for this project. Completions were installed as planned, and the main objectives of sand control integrity, production attainment, and complete zonal isolation with selective production were validated through post-job gravel-pack analysis and subsequent well unloading. The successful implementation of these technologies significantly reduced project CAPEX and enabled access to reserves that would otherwise have been uneconomical to recover. This paper discusses design, execution, and evaluation of the multizone openhole gravel pack (OHGP) completions installed in the Julimar Field. This includes methodology followed for multizone completion selection, development of a new high-temperature formate-based viscous gravel-pack carrier fluid, detailed completion equipment qualification tests, post-job gravel-pack evaluation, and initial well performance from well unload. It is the industry's first field case study of enhanced shunt screens with novel shunt tube isolation valves and high-temperature xanthan-based gravel-pack carrier fluid.

Sand Free Production Success Through Proven Technology Enabler from An Untapped Heterogeneous Reservoir Zone Utilizing Gravel Pack Replacement Methodology

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Anggoro
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Erosion Resistance ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Screen Design ◽  
Sand Control ◽  
Rules Of Thumb ◽  
Production Success ◽  
Control Technologies ◽  
Gravel Pack

The Belida field is an offshore field located in Block B of Indonesia’s South Natuna Sea. This field was discovered in 1989. Both oil and gas bearing reservoirs are present in the Belida field in the Miocene Arang, Udang and Intra Barat Formations. Within the middle Arang Formation, there are three gas pay zones informally referred to as Beta, Gamma and Delta. These sand zones are thin pay zones which need to be carefully planned and economically exploited. Due to the nature of the reservoir, sand production is a challenge and requires downhole sand control. A key challenge for sand control equipment in this application is erosion resistance without inhibiting productivity as high gas rates and associated high flow velocity is expected from the zones, which is known to have caused sand control failure. To help achieve a cost-effective and easily planned deployment solution to produce hydrocarbons, a rigless deployment is the preferred method to deploy downhole sand control. PSD analysis from the reservoir zone suggested from ‘Industry Rules of Thumb’ a conventional gravel pack deployment as a means of downhole sand control. However, based on review of newer globally proven sand control technologies since adoption of these ‘Industry Rules of Thumb’, a cost-effective solution could be considered and implemented utilizing Ceramic Sand Screen technology. This paper will discuss the successful application at Block B, Natuna Sea using Ceramic Sand Screens as a rigless intervention solution addressing the erosion / hot spotting challenges in these high rate production zones. The erosion resistance of the Ceramic Sand Screen design allows a deployment methodology directly adjacent to the perforated interval to resist against premature loss of sand control. The robust ceramic screen design gave the flexibility required to develop a cost-effective lower completion deployment methodology both from a challenging make up in the well due to a restrictive lubricator length to the tractor conveyancing in the well to land out at the desired set depth covering the producing zone. The paper will overview the success of multi-service and product supply co-operation adopting technology enablers to challenge ‘Industry Rules of Thumb’ replaced by rigless reasoning as a standard well intervention downhole sand control solution where Medco E&P Natuna Ltd. (Medco E&P) faces sand control challenges in their high deviation, sidetracked well stock. The paper draws final attention to the hydrocarbon performance gain resulting due to the ability for choke free production to allow drawing down the well at higher rates than initially expected from this zone.

scholarly journals Experimental Investigation of Wave Velocity-Permeability Model for Granite Subjected to Different Temperature Processing

Geofluids ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guanghui Jiang ◽  
Jianping Zuo ◽  
Teng Ma ◽  
Xu Wei
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Pore Fluid ◽  
Rock Matrix ◽  
Permeability Model ◽  
Wave Velocities ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Increasing Temperature

Understanding the change of permeability of rocks before and after heating is of great significance for exploitation of hydrocarbon resources and disposal of nuclear waste. The rock permeability under high temperature cannot be measured with most of the existing methods. In this paper, quality, wave velocity, and permeability of granite specimen from Maluanshan tunnel are measured after high temperature processing. Quality and wave velocity of granite decrease and permeability of granite increases with increasing temperature. Using porosity as the medium, a new wave velocity-permeability model is established with modified wave velocity-porosity formula and Kozeny-Carman formula. Under some given wave velocities and corresponding permeabilities through experiment, the permeabilities at different temperatures and wave velocities can be obtained. By comparing the experimental and the theoretical results, the proposed formulas are verified. In addition, a sensitivity analysis is performed to examine the effect of particle size, wave velocities in rock matrix, and pore fluid on permeability: permeability increases with increasing particle size, wave velocities in rock matrix, and pore fluid; the higher the rock wave velocity, the lower the effect of wave velocities in rock matrix and pore fluid on permeability.

Influence of Temperature and Plant Growth Stages of Red Clover and Wheat on Small Broomrape (Orobanche minor) Germination

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 266-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salam A. Al-Thahabi ◽  
Jed B. Colquhoun ◽  
Carol A. Mallory-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Root Exudates ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Wheat Root ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Plant Growth Stages ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Infested Field

Small broomrape is a holoparasitic plant that attaches to the roots of red clover as well as several other host plants. Hosts and false hosts produce stimulants that induce small broomrape germination but small broomrape does not attach to a false host. Wheat has been identified as a false host for small broomrape; therefore, studies were conducted to investigate the effect of red clover and wheat root exudates on small broomrape germination. In one study, the effect of exudates from red clover and wheat at multiple growth stages on small broomrape germination was evaluated. Red clover induced small broomrape germination at all growth stages tested but was greatest (78%) in the presence of exudates from red clover at the three-trifoliolate stage. Maximum small broomrape germination was 25% when exposed to exudates produced by one-leaf-stage wheat. In a second study, the relationship between small broomrape germination and host growth condition was evaluated using root exudates from red clover or wheat grown under several temperature conditions for either 4 or 8 wk. For the different temperatures, there were no differences in small broomrape germination when exudates of red clover grown for 4 wk were used. Small broomrape germination was reduced when exposed to exudates from red clover plants grown for 8 wk at 10 C compared with plants grown at 15, 20, and 25 C. Differences in small broomrape seed germination were observed with temperature under which wheat was grown for 4 wk, but not for 8 wk. Although wheat exudates resulted in less small broomrape seed germination than red clover exudates, growing wheat as a false host in a small broomrape-infested field could be an important component of an integrated management plan.

Practical Optimization of Industrial Gravel Size in Gravel Packed Well

2011 ◽  
Vol 201-203 ◽  
pp. 383-387
Author(s):  
Jin Gen Deng ◽  
Yu Chen ◽  
Li Hua Wang ◽  
Wen Long Zhao ◽  
Ping Li
Keyword(s):  
Design Method ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Control Effect ◽  
Gravel Layer ◽  
Gravel Size ◽  
Sand Control ◽  
Gravel Packing ◽  
Gravel Pack ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Computing Method

In the design of gravel packing sand control, the reasonable selection of gravel size is one of the keys to implementing sand control measures successfully. Aiming at the defects of commonly used methods of gravel size design and the characteristic that the gravel used in field operation is actually a mixture of gravel with multiple grain diameters, this paper builds a model of pore structure in gravel layer through researching the gravel pack structure caused by the gravel of two grain diameters mixed under actual packing conditions, calculates and analyzes the pore sizes in gravel layer. Ultimately, based on Saucier method, this paper presents a new gravel size optimization idea for gravel packing sand control with multiple grain diameters mixed, which agrees with the actual situation of industrial gravel, and gives the idea’s computing method. Considering the ideality of the model in this paper, the author has modified the computing method to make it more fit for the actual packing situation. This gravel size design method also gives consideration to the impact of formation sand uniformity on sand control effect, so it have the characteristics of good practicability, wide applicability and more accurate than other conventional methods.

Efficiency and selectivity of the Anomalocardia brasiliana (Mollusca: Veneridae) hand dredge used in southern Brazil

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (7) ◽  
pp. 1455-1464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo R. Pezzuto ◽  
Caroline Schio ◽  
Tito C.M. Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Management Plan ◽  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Commercial Fisheries ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Fishing Rights ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Experimental Plots

In Florianópolis, southern Brazil, the venerid clam Anomalocardia brasiliana has supported subsistence and small-scale commercial fisheries for decades. The introduction of a hand dredge (gancho) since 1987 led to the development of a significant fishery supplying both local and regional shellfish markets. In 1992 one of the main fishing areas in the region was designated as the first Brazilian Marine Extractive Reserve (Pirajubaé RESEX), a federal form of governance intended to promote sustainable exploitation of natural resources by assigning exclusive fishing rights to traditional users. However, excessive fishing effort, institutional shortcomings and lack of a negotiated management plan have resulted in the overexploitation of the species since 2000. This study was aimed at evaluating the efficiency and selectivity of the hand dredge currently in use at the RESEX, through a field experiment conducted in October 2006. Quantitative samples of A. brasiliana were collected before and after dredging 15 experimental plots. Additional samples were obtained inside the dredge (catch) and respective cover cod-end (discard) for selectivity analysis. A single haul of the hand dredge can dislocate up to 76% of the individuals present in the sediment irrespective of their size, and retain up to 69% of the commercial-sized organisms. The gear has a knife-edge selection pattern, which enables the use of the minimum spacing between the iron bars of the dredge's basket as an effective management tool.

scholarly journals Production and Commercialization of Timber in Angola after the Declaration of Independence

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Chiteculo ◽  
M. Hájek ◽  
P. Kubová
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Questionnaire Survey ◽  
Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Timber Production ◽  
Wood Production ◽  
Extraction Capacity ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Structured Questionnaire ◽  
Historical Production

Abstract The policy of production and commercialization of timber before and after the independence of Angola was assessed. Historical production of timber under control of Portuguese settlers before 1975 in comparison to the production of timber after this period was reviewed. We used a combination of published scientific studies and government reports to support the background of the paper and a structured questionnaire survey from which analyses were drawn using a logistic regression model. It was found out that timber production declined dramatically after Angola gained independence; the production of logs dropped from 555 000 m3 in 1973 to less than 115 400 m3. Out of the 100 mills that had existed in Angola before 1975 only twenty have been in operation today with annual wood production of less than 20% of extraction capacity. The knowledge concerning the historical production of timber before and after 1975 is not sufficient to provide suggestions for a management plan on what trees, where, and when are to be cut.

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