scholarly journals A population-level examination of the magnitude of relationship between physical activity and academic achievement

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mia Papasideris ◽  
Scott Leatherdale ◽  
Kate Battista ◽  
Peter A. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Academic Performance ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
Physical Activity Guidelines ◽  
Linear Relationships

Abstract Background Although physical activity has traditionally been thought to compete with academic activities in terms of academic performance outcomes, more recent studies have suggested that the brain health benefits of exercise could in theory compensate for this. However, to date no adequately powered prospective studies have attempted to reconcile these two competing possibilities. The objective of this study is to determine the direction and magnitude of the association between physical activity and academic performance in a large prospective sample of adolescents. Methods Linear regression mixed models with random intercepts and multinomial ordinal generalized estimating equations were employed to analyze the relationship between measures of physical activity and academic performance from the COMPASS study (N=9,898 linked participant data cases from year 2 (2013-2014) to year 4 (2015-2016)). Results The linear relationships between minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity and academic performance (English: r= -.047, p<.000; Math: r= -.026, p=0.008) as well as meeting the national physical activity guidelines and academics performance (English: est =-0.052, p=.004; Math: est = -0.052, p=.028) were negative and trivial in magnitude. Organized sport participation showed slight positive associations with academic performance, but these were also of trivial magnitude. Conclusions Physical activity does not predict academic achievement prospectively in this population sample; findings suggest no net cost or clear benefit in relation to academic performance. Advocacy for physical activity programming for adolescent populations may best be undertaken with reference to lack of net academic performance cost, rather than presence of benefit.

scholarly journals An examination of the prospective association between physical activity and academic achievement in youth at the population level

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0253142
Author(s):  
Mia Papasideris ◽  
Scott T. Leatherdale ◽  
Kate Battista ◽  
Peter A. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Physical Activity Guidelines

Exercise has significant benefits for brain health and this may have downstream learning benefits for youth. However existing studies looking at links between physical activity and academic achievement are limited by relatively small sample sizes and/or cross-sectional designs. The objective of this study is to determine the direction and magnitude of the association between physical activity and academic achievement in a large prospective sample of adolescents. Linear mixed models with random intercepts and multinomial ordinal generalized estimating equations were employed to analyze the prospective relationship between measures of physical activity and academic achievement from the COMPASS study (N = 9,898 linked participant data cases from year 2 (2013–2014) to year 4 (2015–2016)). The linear relationships between minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity and academic achievement (English: r = -.047, p < .000; Math: r = -.026, p = .008) as well as meeting the national physical activity guidelines and academic achievement (English: est = -.052, p = .004; Math: est = -.052, p = .028) were negative and trivial in magnitude. Organized sport participation showed slight positive associations with academic achievement indices, but these were also of trivial magnitude. In conclusion, the relationship between physical activity and academic achievement was effectively null in this population sample. Advocacy for physical activity programming for adolescent populations may best be undertaken with reference to lack of net academic achievement cost, rather than presence of benefit, or simply with reference to the many other physical and mental health benefits for youth.

scholarly journals Clusters of Adolescent Physical Activity Tracker Patterns and Their Associations With Physical Activity Behaviors in Finland and Ireland: Cross-Sectional Study

10.2196/18509 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. e18509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwok Ng ◽  
Sami Kokko ◽  
Tuija Tammelin ◽  
Jouni Kallio ◽  
Sarahjane Belton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Wearable Devices ◽  
Active Travel ◽  
Wearable Device ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sports Clubs ◽  
Males And Females

Background Physical activity trackers (PATs) such as apps and wearable devices (eg, sports watches, heart rate monitors) are increasingly being used by young adolescents. Despite the potential of PATs to help monitor and improve moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) behaviors, there is a lack of research that confirms an association between PAT ownership or use and physical activity behaviors at the population level. Objective The purpose of this study was to examine the ownership and use of PATs in youth and their associations with physical activity behaviors, including daily MVPA, sports club membership, and active travel, in 2 nationally representative samples of young adolescent males and females in Finland and Ireland. Methods Comparable data were gathered in the 2018 Finnish School-aged Physical Activity (F-SPA 2018, n=3311) and the 2018 Irish Children’s Sport Participation and Physical Activity (CSPPA 2018, n=4797) studies. A cluster analysis was performed to obtain the patterns of PAT ownership and usage by adolescents (age, 11-15 years). Four similar clusters were identified across Finnish and Irish adolescents: (1) no PATs, (2) PAT owners, (3) app users, and (4) wearable device users. Adjusted binary logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate how PAT clusters were associated with physical activity behaviors, including daily MVPA, membership of sports clubs, and active travel, after stratification by gender. Results The proportion of app ownership among Finnish adolescents (2038/3311, 61.6%) was almost double that of their Irish counterparts (1738/4797, 36.2%). Despite these differences, the clustering patterns of PATs were similar between the 2 countries. App users were more likely to take part in daily MVPA (males, odds ratio [OR] 1.27, 95% CI 1.04-1.55; females, OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.20-1.85) and be members of sports clubs (males, OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.15-1.62; females, OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.07-1.50) compared to the no PATs cluster, after adjusting for country, age, family affluence, and disabilities. These associations, after the same adjustments, were even stronger for wearable device users to participate in daily MVPA (males, OR 1.83, 95% CI 1.49-2.23; females, OR 2.25, 95% CI 1.80-2.82) and be members of sports clubs (males, OR 1.88, 95% CI 1.55-2.88; females, OR 2.07, 95% CI 1.71-2.52). Significant associations were observed between male users of wearable devices and taking part in active travel behavior (OR 1.39, 95% CI 1.04-1.86). Conclusions Although Finnish adolescents report more ownership of PATs than Irish adolescents, the patterns of use and ownership remain similar among the cohorts. The findings of our study show that physical activity behaviors were positively associated with wearable device users and app users. These findings were similar between males and females. Given the cross-sectional nature of this data, the relationship between using apps or wearable devices and enhancing physical activity behaviors requires further investigation.

Promoting Physical Activity Through Youth Sport

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 204-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin A. Pfeiffer ◽  
Michael J. Wierenga
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Youth Sport ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Physical Activity Guidelines ◽  
Habitual Activity ◽  
Promotion Of Physical Activity

Participation in a sport is widely considered a valuable form of physical activity, especially for children and adolescents. In addition, many think that sport participation translates to future physical activity. However, limited research has examined the ability of youth sport to significantly contribute to meeting daily physical activity guidelines (60 min/day of moderate to vigorous physical activity) and whether the physical activity behaviors of youth sport participants will translate into future, habitual activity in both the short and the long term. In this paper, available research on the role of youth sport in the promotion of physical activity is evaluated. Two major questions are used to frame the discussion: How much physical activity do youth sport participants attain during games and practices, and does sport participation during childhood and adolescence translate into habitual physical activity in adulthood? This is followed by ideas for future research and preliminary recommendations for best practices or policies.

scholarly journals Clusters of Adolescent Physical Activity Tracker Patterns and Their Associations With Physical Activity Behaviors in Finland and Ireland: Cross-Sectional Study (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwok Ng ◽  
Sami Kokko ◽  
Tuija Tammelin ◽  
Jouni Kallio ◽  
Sarahjane Belton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Wearable Devices ◽  
Active Travel ◽  
Wearable Device ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sports Clubs ◽  
Males And Females

BACKGROUND Physical activity trackers (PATs) such as apps and wearable devices (eg, sports watches, heart rate monitors) are increasingly being used by young adolescents. Despite the potential of PATs to help monitor and improve moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) behaviors, there is a lack of research that confirms an association between PAT ownership or use and physical activity behaviors at the population level. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine the ownership and use of PATs in youth and their associations with physical activity behaviors, including daily MVPA, sports club membership, and active travel, in 2 nationally representative samples of young adolescent males and females in Finland and Ireland. METHODS Comparable data were gathered in the 2018 Finnish School-aged Physical Activity (F-SPA 2018, n=3311) and the 2018 Irish Children’s Sport Participation and Physical Activity (CSPPA 2018, n=4797) studies. A cluster analysis was performed to obtain the patterns of PAT ownership and usage by adolescents (age, 11-15 years). Four similar clusters were identified across Finnish and Irish adolescents: (1) no PATs, (2) PAT owners, (3) app users, and (4) wearable device users. Adjusted binary logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate how PAT clusters were associated with physical activity behaviors, including daily MVPA, membership of sports clubs, and active travel, after stratification by gender. RESULTS The proportion of app ownership among Finnish adolescents (2038/3311, 61.6%) was almost double that of their Irish counterparts (1738/4797, 36.2%). Despite these differences, the clustering patterns of PATs were similar between the 2 countries. App users were more likely to take part in daily MVPA (males, odds ratio [OR] 1.27, 95% CI 1.04-1.55; females, OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.20-1.85) and be members of sports clubs (males, OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.15-1.62; females, OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.07-1.50) compared to the no PATs cluster, after adjusting for country, age, family affluence, and disabilities. These associations, after the same adjustments, were even stronger for wearable device users to participate in daily MVPA (males, OR 1.83, 95% CI 1.49-2.23; females, OR 2.25, 95% CI 1.80-2.82) and be members of sports clubs (males, OR 1.88, 95% CI 1.55-2.88; females, OR 2.07, 95% CI 1.71-2.52). Significant associations were observed between male users of wearable devices and taking part in active travel behavior (OR 1.39, 95% CI 1.04-1.86). CONCLUSIONS Although Finnish adolescents report more ownership of PATs than Irish adolescents, the patterns of use and ownership remain similar among the cohorts. The findings of our study show that physical activity behaviors were positively associated with wearable device users and app users. These findings were similar between males and females. Given the cross-sectional nature of this data, the relationship between using apps or wearable devices and enhancing physical activity behaviors requires further investigation.

scholarly journals Youth sport participation and physical activity in rural communities

2021 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Debra K. Kellstedt ◽  
Michaela A. Schenkelberg ◽  
Ann M. Essay ◽  
Mary J. Von Seggern ◽  
Richard R. Rosenkranz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Youth Sport ◽  
Comparison Groups ◽  
Youth Sport Participation ◽  
6Th Graders

Abstract Background Physical activity, a high-frequency health behavior, varies by where children live, learn, and play. Children accumulate physical activity in adult-led in-school and out-of-school settings. Youth sport is a potential setting for physical activity, but there are differences in youth sport participation based on age, sex, and socioeconomic status. There is a gap in understanding demographic influences on youth sport participation and how these factors interact to influence physical activity. This study examines influences of grade, sex, and family income on youth sport participation and these factors and youth sport participation on moderate-to-vigorous physical activity of children in rural communities. Methods Children (n = 418 3rd–6th graders) living in two rural communities completed the online Youth Activity Profile as part of Wellscapes, a type 3 hybrid implementation-effectiveness community randomized trial. Mixed models with community as a random effect examined main effects and interactions of grade, sex, and family income on youth sport participation and these factors and youth sport participation on moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Results About 80% of children engaged in youth sport, and full-pay lunch students were almost four times more likely to have youth sport participation than students with free/reduced lunch (OR = 3.91, 95% CI = 1.95, 7.8). Females and 6th graders (p < 0.05) had lower physical activity than comparison groups. Males with higher family income had greater physical activity; females with higher family income had less physical activity. For 6th graders, high family income had less effect on physical activity than similar 3rd-5th graders (p < 0.01). Conclusions While a fairly high percentage of children participate in youth sports, there are disparities in rural communities on youth sport participation and physical activity outcomes based on age, sex, and family income.

scholarly journals The Association Between Objectively Measured Physical Activity and Academic Achievement in Dutch Adolescents: Findings From the GOALS Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 460-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin L. Van Dijk ◽  
Renate H.M. De Groot ◽  
Hans H.C.M. Savelberg ◽  
Frederik Van Acker ◽  
Paul A. Kirschner
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Mathematics Performance ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Physical Activity Volume ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
Objectively Measured ◽  
Objectively Measured Physical Activity

The main goal of this study was to investigate the association between objectively measured physical activity and academic achievement in adolescents. Students in Grades 7 and 9 (N = 255) were included. Overall, we found no significant dose–response association between physical activity and academic achievement. However, in Grade 7 total physical activity volume (Total PA) was negatively associated with academic achievement, while moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was negatively associated with both academic achievement and mathematics performance. In contrast, in Grade 9 both Total PA and MVPA were positively associated with mathematics performance. In addition, the overall association between MVPA and academic achievement followed an inverted U-shaped curve. Finally, Total PA was positively associated with executive functioning, while executive functioning in turn mediated the associations between Total PA and both academic achievement and mathematics performance. These results indicate that the association between physical activity and academic achievement in adolescents is complex and might be affected by academic year, physical activity volume and intensity, and school grade.

Impact of the implantable cardioverter defibrillator on confidence to undertake physical activity in inherited heart disease: A cross-sectional study

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 742-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Sweeting ◽  
Kylie Ball ◽  
Julie McGaughran ◽  
John Atherton ◽  
Christopher Semsarian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Accelerometer Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Physical Activity Guidelines ◽  
Cardioverter Defibrillator ◽  
The Impact

Background: Physical activity is associated with improved quality of life. Patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) face unique clinical and psychological challenges. Factors such as fear of ICD shock may negatively impact on physical activity, while a sense of protection gained from the ICD may instil confidence to be active. Aim: We aimed to examine the impact of an ICD on physical activity levels and factors associated with amount of activity. Methods: Two cross-sectional studies were conducted. Accelerometer data (seven-day) was collected in March–November 2015 for 63 consecutively recruited hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients, with or without an ICD, aged ⩾18 years. A survey study was conducted in July–August 2016 of 155 individuals aged ⩾18 years with an inherited heart disease and an ICD in situ. Results: Based on the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, mean leisure time physical activity was 239 ± 300 min/week with 51% meeting physical activity guidelines. Accelerometry showed that mean moderate–vigorous physical activity was the same for patients with and without an ICD (254 ± 139 min/week versus 300 ± 150 min/week, p=0.23). Nearly half of survey participants ( n=73) said their device made them more confident to exercise. Being anxious about ICD shocks was the only factor associated with not meeting physical activity guidelines. Conclusions: Patients with inherited heart disease adjust differently to their ICD device, and for many it has no impact on physical activity. Discussion regarding the appropriate level of physical activity and potential barriers will ensure best possible outcomes in this unique patient group.

scholarly journals Children’s segment specific moderate to vigorous physical activity through a school-initiated physical activity program

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-32
Author(s):  
ARTO GRÅSTÉN
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
After School ◽  
Physical Activity Guidelines ◽  
School Activities ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Before School ◽  
Out Of School

Background: Since less than one-third of 13-year-olds in many Western countries meet the physical activity guidelines, there is a major need to promote physical activity. The aim of this study was to examine children’s segment specific moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) through the school-initiated program. Material/Methods: The sample comprised 76 Finnish elementary school children. Accelerometers were used to investigate the patterns of segmented MVPA through 2012-2014. Repeated Measures Analysis was implemented to summarize variability between time and segments of MVPA. Results: The examination of children’s MVPA revealed that their total, weekend, and before-school activity were significant predictors for their subsequent activity. Children’s MVPA in physical education classes, before- and after-school, and during school breaks decreased through the program. Both girls and boys accumulated the majority of their weekly MVPA during weekdays and out-of-school. Conclusions: The program provedto be effective in order to sustain children’s total MVPA levels, although physical education, before- and after-school, and recess MVPA decreased through the program. Out-of-school activities seemed to be more important than in-school activities in relation to children’s total MVPA minutes, when they transfer to the higher grades. Attention should be paid to out-of-school, especially weekend, activities.

scholarly journals Population-Based Estimates of Physical Activity for Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: A Cautionary Tale of Potential Confounding by Weight Status

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald C. Plotnikoff ◽  
Steven T. Johnson ◽  
Constantinos A. Loucaides ◽  
Adrian E. Bauman ◽  
Nandini D. Karunamuni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Physical Activity Levels

At a population level, the method used to determine those meeting physical activity guidelines has important implications, as estimating “sufficient” physical activity might be confounded by weight status. The objective of this study was to test the difference between three methods in estimating the prevalence of “sufficient activity” among Canadian adults with type 2 diabetes in a large population sample (N=1614) while considering the role of weight status as a potential confounder. Our results revealed that estimates of physical activity levels vary by BMI categories, depending on the methods examined. Although physical activity levels were lower in the obese, their energy expenditure estimates were not different from those who were overweight or of a healthy weight. The implications of these findings are that biased estimates of physical activity at a population level may result in inappropriate classification of adults with type 2 diabetes as “sufficiently active” and that the inclusion of body weight in estimating physical activity prevalence should be approached with caution.

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