scholarly journals Recognition-behavioral stress-coping humoral glycolipids produced by medicated major psychoses patients

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yutaka Masuda
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Behavioral Symptoms ◽  
Stress Coping ◽  
Medication Effects ◽  
Behavioral Stress ◽  
Long Time

Abstract Background Mammalians have the recognition-behavioral stress-coping system regulated via the neuronal modules followed by some humoral glycolipids. A sulfated Galbeta1-4GlcNAc-lipid promotes the serotonergic module. GalNAcalpha1-3GalNAc-lipid promotes the adrenergic module. A Fucalpha1-2Glc-lipid protects the cholinergic module. Sialalpha2-3Gal-lipid promotes the dopaminergic module. Methods Major psychoses patients show the emotional and recognition-behavioral symptoms, and long-time medication does not completely delete the symptoms. I examined the recognition-behavioral stress-coping humoral glycolipids produced by medicated major psychoses patients. Results The major depression patients produced the sulfated Galbeta1-4GlcNAc-lipid and the sulfated Fucalpha1-2Glc-lipid, but deduced the GalNAcalpha1-3GalNAc-lipid. The mania patients produced the sulfated Galbeta1-4GlcNAc-lipid. The schizophrenia patients produced the sulfated Galbeta1-4GlcNAc-lipid, and remarkably produced the Sialalpha2-3Gal-lipid. Ruled out the medication-effects, the major depression patients decreased the serotonergic module function and the adrenergic module function, but increased the cholinergic module function. The mania patients increased the serotonergic module function and the adrenergic module function. The schizophrenia patients increased the serotonergic module function, and particularly increased the dopaminergic module function. Conclusion These suggest the stress-coping humoral glycolipids produced by the patients corresponded to the symptoms. Furthermore, I understood the humoral Sialalpha2-3Gal-lipid would be considered as another biomarker identifying schizophrenia.

scholarly journals A Humoral Recognition-Behavioral Stress-Coping Glycolipid Considered As another Biomarker of Psychotic Symptoms of Schizophrenia

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Production ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Stress Coping ◽  
Coping Behaviors ◽  
Physical Strength ◽  
Behavioral Stress ◽  
Comparison Results ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Manic Patients

Background: Mammalians have the recognition-behavioral stress-coping system regulated via the neuronal modules followed by some humoral glycolipids. A sulfated Galbeta1-4GlcNAc-lipid which promotes the serotonergic module, keeps physical strength by regulating emotional behaviors. GalNAcalpha1-3GalNAc-lipid which promotes the adrenergic module, induces stress-coping behaviors. A sulfated Fucalpha1-2Gal-lipid protects the cholinergic module maintaining stress-coping memories from the ischemic stress. Sialalpha2-3Gal-lipid which promotes the dopaminergic module, integrates these recognition-behaviors. It is considered stresses are closely related to onset of schizophrenia, and the psychotic symptoms are not necessarily deleted after long-time medication. Schizophrenic patients might abnormally produce the humoral recognition-behavioral stress-coping glycolipids even under medication. Materials and Methods: I examined the humoral stress-coping glycolipids of medicated schizophrenic patients and those of medicated manic patients without psychotic symptoms for comparison. Results: The medicated manic patients increased sulfated Galbeta1-4GlcNAc-lipid production. The medicated schizophrenic patients increased sulfated Galbeta1-4GlcNAc-lipid production, and remarkably produced Sialalpha2- 3Gal-lipid. These indicate the manic patients and the schizophrenic patients had a stress to be coped with the serotonergic module activity, and psychotic symptoms of the schizophrenic patients would be induced via stress-coping Sialalpha2-3Gal-lipid production. Conclusion: The stressors are not clear, however, I understood humoral Sialalpha2-3Gal-lipid would be considered as another biomarker of psychotic symptoms of schizophrenia.

Antipsychotics in Dementia

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S662-S663
Author(s):  
A. Poças ◽  
S. Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Antipsychotic Medication ◽  
Practice Guidelines ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
American Psychiatric Association ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Behavioral Symptoms ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Susceptible Population ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Competing Interest

Behaviour disorders and psychosis may represent a greater challenge in patients with dementia. There are evidence-based recommendations to assess psychological and behavioral symptoms of dementia and the practice guidelines of American psychiatric association (APA) reinforce general principles of good clinical care. However, when these patients initiate a psychotropic, the agents often continue to be prescribed for a long time, even after the symptoms disappeared. The recommendation of reduce/stop an antipsychotic medication within 4 months of initiation may seem counterintuitive when the patient is better, with remission of the original symptoms. However, the studies showed that a large amount of patients with dementia can discontinue antipsychotic medication without a return of agitation or psychosis. Older patients are a particularly susceptible population and the risk/benefit of any medication should be carefully considered. For most patients the risk of harm outweighs the profits of continuing treatment and we need a routine evaluation of this factor to identify these cases.It's important to reduce unnecessary medications but agitation and psychosis associated with severe distress also carry serious risks; discontinuing these medications can be dangerous so we need to manage it with caution evaluating each case as an individual one.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Convexity meningioma associated with depression: A case report

2014 ◽  
Vol 142 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 586-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nenad Zivkovic ◽  
Marko Markovic ◽  
Milan Spaic
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Total Resection ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Fibroblastic Meningioma ◽  
Slow Growing ◽  
The Brain

Introduction. Meningiomas are slow growing, extra-axial lesions, and can be neurologically silent for a long time and present only with depression. Case Outline. A 65-year-old woman developed major depression and was treated with antidepressants for two years. Depression failed to respond to drug treatment and there was no improvement. Two months before admission to hospital, due to the onset of epilepsy attack the patient underwent reinvestigation, and a large temporal convexity meningioma, which corresponded in position to the original electroencephalography focus, was diagnosed using the computer topography of the brain. The patient underwent osteoplastic craniotomy, and a left fronto-temporal convexity meningioma of 5 cm in diameter was completely removed with its attachment to the dura. Histological examination confirmed a fibroblastic meningioma. Conclusion. Total resection of convexity meningioma and decompression of the brain tissue in the region of limbic pathways that are involved, may contribute to a complete remission of depression symptoms. This case also illustrates the need for a prompt neuroimaging of the brain when patients present any atypical psychiatric symptoms, with late onset (>50 years old) of the first depressive episode or fast changes of the mental state.

“Of Course I’m Depressed, but Do I Have Depression?”

The Group ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald L. Rosenstein ◽  
Justin M. Yopp
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Clinical Depression ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Loved One ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Difference ◽  
School Of Social Work

What’s the difference between being very shy and having social phobia? Or between a “neat freak” and a person who suffers from obsessive-compulsive disorder? Or a particularly fidgety schoolboy and a child with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder? Distinctions between the outer bounds of “normal” and “pathological” are ubiquitous in modern life and not easy to make. People who experience loss respond in different ways, with varying degrees of intensity, and for different lengths of time. Mental health professionals find these responses difficult to predict. For example, leaders in the bereavement field have disagreed sharply and for a long time about how to define normal and abnormal grief. This professional disagreement about grief and bereavement made headlines when the American Psychiatric Association (APA) considered changing its Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). Every fifteen to twenty years, the APA revises the DSM—which establishes the criteria clinicians use to diagnose psychiatric disorders—to incorporate the latest scientific research and contemporary expert opinion. Before the most recent edition (DSM-5) came out, the APA considered two grief-related proposals that sparked very heated debate. The most controversial proposal suggested modifying how professionals diagnose major depression. The previous edition of the DSM specified that clinicians could not consider someone to have major depression if that person had lost a loved one less than two months earlier. The APA intended this “bereavement exclusion” to keep mental health professionals from mistaking grief for clinical depression. Clinical researchers Sidney Zisook, MD, at the University of California at San Diego and Katherine Shear, MD, at the Columbia University School of Social Work led one side of the debate. They argued that professionals should diagnose clinical depression even in the context of bereavement as they would following any other stressful life event such as divorce or the loss of a job. Zisook and Shear thought that people could experience both grief and depression simultaneously. Perhaps most importantly, they said, people who had clinical depression during early bereavement were no less deserving of treatment for their depression.

scholarly journals Major depression: revisiting the concept and diagnosis

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 279-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. S. Jacob
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Adjustment Disorder ◽  
Adjustment Disorders ◽  
Stress Coping ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
Clinical Patterns ◽  
Operational Criteria ◽  
Severity Criteria

SummaryThe classification of depression has been debated for decades. The introduction of operational criteria and the category of major depression were significant advances in the 1970s. However, the validity of the major depression category is controversial. The article highlights the limitations of using severity criteria and cross-sectional evaluation to diagnose depression. It recommends the classic typologies (melancholia, dysthymia and adjustment disorder) for clinical presentations of depression, highlighting the need to use longitudinal clinical patterns and context for diagnosis. Major depression owes its success to its loose definition, to the subordinate status of adjustment disorders and dysthymia and to the mechanistic application of the diagnostic hierarchy and criteria. There is a need to focus more on the context of depression (stress, coping and support) and to reduce the medicalisation of distress.

scholarly journals Stress-Coping Humoral Glycolipids Produced by Mice Given Controlled Bathing Treatments

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yutaka Masuda ◽  
Hiroto Narita ◽  
Hiroaki Hasegawa
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Production ◽  
The Other ◽  
Stress Coping ◽  
Physical Strength ◽  
Behavioral Stress ◽  
Module System

Mammalians have recognition-behavioral stress-coping neuronal module system followed by some humoral glycolipids. A sulfated Galbeta1-4GlcNAc-lipid promotes the serotonergic module regulating the emotional behaviors for not-wasting the physical strength; GalNAcalpha1-3GalNAc-lipid promotes the adrenergic module inducing the behaviors escaping from the uneasy situation, and sulfated Fucalpha1-2Gal-lipid protects the cholinergic module keeping the stressor-memory from the ischemia-stress. Mouse given bathing recognizes the stressors to be coped with in the treatment. We previously observed mouse given CO2-microbubble-bathing increased the behavior escaping from the bathing situation. Mouse given CO2-microbubble-bathing would recognize the other stressors to be coped with in the treatment. We examined stress-coping glycolipids produced by mice given controlled bathing treatments, and got the following results. A sulfated Galbeta1-4GlcNAc-lipid production was increased by the acidic bathing condition and the dissolved CO2, GalNAcalpha1-3GalNAc-lipid production was increased by the dissolved CO2, and sulfated Fucalpha1-2Gal-lipid production was increased by the acidic bathing condition. We understood the mice treated with CO2-microbubble-bathing would recognize the acidic bathing condition and the dissolved CO2, but not the microbubble, as the other stressors to be coped.

Methylphenidate May Treat Apathy Independent of Depression

2005 ◽  
Vol 39 (11) ◽  
pp. 1947-1949 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prasad R Padala ◽  
Frederick Petty ◽  
Subhash C Bhatia
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Treatment Regimen ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Case Summary ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Hamilton Rating Scale

OBJECTIVE To report a case of apathy treated with methylphenidate in which improvement in apathy was independent of improvement of depression. CASE SUMMARY A 47-year-old woman with a 20-year history of recurrent major depression was diagnosed as having significant apathy with lack of initiative and motivation. Over the course of a 4-week treatment regimen with methylphenidate, her apathy, as measured by the Apathy Evaluation Scale, improved, with her score decreasing from 57 to 31. During this period, her depression, as assessed by the 21-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, remained unchanged. DISCUSSION Our report of improvement of apathy with methylphenidate is consistent with other reports in the literature, although previous studies have not specifically used the rating scales to assess apathy. Even though this patient had experienced apathy for a long time, it had not been detected due to lack of direct questioning. In this case, as noted, the improvement of apathy was independent of improvement in depression. CONCLUSIONS A high degree of suspicion and specific inquiry is required for identification of apathy. Once detected, methylphenidate may be beneficial in its treatment, a strategy that may work independently of augmentation of antidepressants.

scholarly journals Severe Anemia in Non Suicide Self Injury as a Complication of Major Depression Disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 435-443
Author(s):  
Tris Mardi ◽  
Arina Widya Murni
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Dialectical Behavior Therapy ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Severe Anemia ◽  
Self Injury ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Depression Disorder ◽  
Commit Suicide

Non suicide self injury (NSSI) is a rare case in adults. Non suicide self injury is an act of hurting himself such as cutting, burning, punching without intending to commit suicide. NSSI itself is a complication of major depression that is not treated properly from the onset of symptoms. Severe depression that lasts for a long time, can aggravate illnesses such as the appearance of symptoms of psychosis and have an impact on various complications such as NSSI and somatic complications that can reduce the patient's health condition. Reported a case of a 22 year old woman with severe anemia due to chronic bleeding. It is known that chronic bleeding in the patient is the result of habitual cutting, in which the patient slashes her left forearm. Cutting habitualis is part of the action of NSSI where the management must be holistic and sustainable, the management of patients consists of psychotherapy as starting from dialectical behavior therapy is a form of cognitive therapy that can help a person adapt to activities that can pass through distress. Psychodynamic therapy is to help someone form new habits that previously could cause pleasure to the patient. Psychotherapy accompanied by psychopharmaceuticals can accelerate improvement in patient.

scholarly journals Differential effects of ethanol on behavior and GABAA receptor subunit expression in zebrafish (Danio rerio) with alternative stress coping styles

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander C. Goodman ◽  
Ryan Y. Wong
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Coping Styles ◽  
Stress Coping ◽  
Lower Stress ◽  
Neurotransmitter Systems ◽  
Behavioral Stress ◽  
Subunit Expression ◽  
Brain Gaba

AbstractVariation in stress responses between individuals is linked to factors ranging from stress coping styles to sensitivity of neurotransmitter systems. Many anxiolytic compounds (e.g. ethanol) can increase stressor engagement through modulation of neurotransmitter systems and are used to investigate stress response mechanisms. Here we assessed the role of the GABAA system on the variation of the behavioral stress response by comparing individuals differing in stress coping styles that were chronically treated with ethanol. Specifically, we investigated resulting changes in stress-related behavior and whole-brain GABAA receptor subunits (gabra1, gabra2, gabrd, & gabrg2) in response to a novelty stressor. There were significant main and interaction effects on two stress-related behaviors, where the ethanol-treated proactive individuals showed lower stress-related behaviors than their reactive counterparts. Proactive individuals showed significantly higher expression of gabra1, gabra2, and gabrg2 compared to reactive individuals and ethanol treatment resulted in upregulation of gabra1 and gabrg2 in both stress coping styles. These results show that differences in stress-related behaviors between stress coping styles may be facilitated in part by expression of select GABAA receptor subunits.

Effect of a Brief Guided Imagery on Stress

Biofeedback ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Bigham ◽  
Lauren McDannel ◽  
Isabel Luciano ◽  
Guadalupe Salgado-Lopez
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Emotional Stress ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Guided Imagery ◽  
Behavioral Symptoms ◽  
Emotional Symptoms ◽  
Behavioral Stress ◽  
Physiological Benefits

This study examined whether a guided imagery exercise impacted perceived cognitive, physical, emotional, and behavioral stress and whether higher initial levels of cognitive and emotional symptoms of stress were associated with greater physiological benefits from the guided imagery exercise. Twenty-nine participants completed measures of perceived stress. Heart rate and coherence levels were measured before and at the end of a guided imagery exercise. Cognitive and emotional stress scores decreased. Lower initial levels of emotional, physical and behavioral symptoms of stress were associated with greater reductions in heart rate. Decreases in behavioral symptoms of stress were associated with improvements in coherence. In conclusion, guided imagery exercises reduce cognitive and emotional stress and may be most effective at reducing heart rate when levels of perceived stress are low.

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