scholarly journals Third molar agenesis in modern humans with and without other tooth agenesis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maya Scheiwiller ◽  
Elias S. Oeschger ◽  
Nikolaos Gkantidis
Keyword(s):  
Third Molar ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tooth Agenesis ◽  
Evolutionary Trend ◽  
Third Molars ◽  
Modern Humans ◽  
Lower Jaw ◽  
Third Molar Agenesis ◽  
Evolutionary Aspects ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background The number of teeth in the human dentition attracts special interest both from developmental and evolutionary aspects. The present case-control study focused on the formation of third molars in modern humans aiming to shed more light in this long lasting enigma.Methods For this reason, we investigated third molar formation in a sample of 303 individuals with tooth agenesis other than in third molars (agenesis group) and compared it to a sex and age matched control group of 303 individuals without tooth agenesis other than in third molars.Results The prevalence of third molar agenesis in the agenesis group was 50.8%, which is significantly higher than the 20.5% in the control group (p < 0.001). The chance of a missing third molar in the agenesis group was increased by 38.3% (p < 0.001), after controlling for the other tooth agenesis factor. When considering the percentages of the number of missing third molars per individual, a clear tendency towards more missing third molars was evident in the agenesis group compared to the control group. The frequency of bilaterally missing third molars in the agenesis group was 29% in the upper as well as in the lower jaw, which is about three times higher than the frequency of unilaterally missing third molars (p < 0.001). In the control group, bilaterally missing third molars occurred in 8.6% in the upper and 8.9% in the lower jaw.Conclusion The present results indicate that genetic factors involved in certain tooth agenesis also affect the entire dentition as a whole. Furthermore, the third molars are more vulnerable to factors involved in other tooth agenesis and they are more often affected as a total. These findings seem to be associated with the evolutionary trend in humans towards reduced molar number.

scholarly journals Third molar agenesis in modern humans with and without agenesis of other teeth

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e10367
Author(s):  
Maya Scheiwiller ◽  
Elias S. Oeschger ◽  
Nikolaos Gkantidis
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Third Molar ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Evolutionary Trend ◽  
Third Molars ◽  
Modern Humans ◽  
Third Molar Agenesis ◽  
Evolutionary Aspects ◽  
Control Study

Background The number of teeth in the human dentition is of interest both from developmental and evolutionary aspects. The present case-control study focused on the formation of third molars in modern humans aiming to shed more light on the most variable tooth class in the dentition. Materials and Methods For this reason, we investigated third molar formation in a sample of 303 individuals with agenesis of teeth other than third molars (agenesis group) and compared it to a sex and age matched control group of 303 individuals without agenesis of teeth other than third molars. Results The prevalence of third molar agenesis in the agenesis group was 50.8%, which is significantly higher than the 20.5% in the control group (p < 0.001). The chance of a missing third molar in the agenesis group was increased by 38.3% (p < 0.001), after controlling for the agenesis in other teeth factor. When considering the amount of missing third molars per individual, a clear tendency towards more missing third molars was evident in the agenesis group compared to the control group. The frequency of bilaterally missing third molars in the agenesis group was 29% in the maxilla, as well as in the mandible, which is about three times higher than the frequency of unilaterally missing third molars (p < 0.001). In the control group, bilaterally missing third molars occurred in 8.6% in the maxilla and 8.9% in the mandible. Conclusion The present results indicate that genetic factors involved in tooth agenesis affect also the dentition as a whole. Furthermore, the third molars are more vulnerable to factors involved in agenesis of other teeth and they are more often affected as a whole. These findings seem to be associated with the evolutionary trend in humans towards reduced molar number.

scholarly journals Third molar agenesis in modern humans with and without agenesis of other teeth

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maya Scheiwiller ◽  
Elias S. Oeschger ◽  
Nikolaos Gkantidis
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Third Molar ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Evolutionary Trend ◽  
Third Molars ◽  
Modern Humans ◽  
Third Molar Agenesis ◽  
Evolutionary Aspects ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background The number of teeth in the human dentition is of interest both from developmental and evolutionary aspects. The present case-control study focused on the formation of third molars in modern humans aiming to shed more light on the most variable tooth class in the dentition. Methods For this reason, we investigated third molar formation in a sample of 303 individuals with agenesis of teeth other than third molars (agenesis group) and compared it to a sex and age matched control group of 303 individuals without agenesis of teeth other than third molars. Results The prevalence of third molar agenesis in the agenesis group was 50.8%, which is significantly higher than the 20.5% in the control group (p < 0.001). The chance of a missing third molar in the agenesis group was increased by 38.3% (p < 0.001), after controlling for the agenesis in other teeth factor. When considering the amount of missing third molars per individual, a clear tendency towards more missing third molars was evident in the agenesis group compared to the control group. The frequency of bilaterally missing third molars in the agenesis group was 29% in the maxilla, as well as in the mandible, which is about three times higher than the frequency of unilaterally missing third molars (p < 0.001). In the control group, bilaterally missing third molars occurred in 8.6% in the maxilla and 8.9% in the mandible. Conclusion The present results indicate that genetic factors involved in tooth agenesis affect also the dentition as a whole. Furthermore, the third molars are more vulnerable to factors involved in agenesis of other teeth and they are more often affected as a whole. These findings seem to be associated with the evolutionary trend in humans towards reduced molar number.

scholarly journals Third molar tooth agenesis and pattern of impaction in patients with palatally displaced canines

2018 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-70
Author(s):  
Elham S. Abu Alhaija ◽  
Fedaa T. Wazwaz
Keyword(s):  
Third Molar ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tooth Agenesis ◽  
Third Molars ◽  
Missing Teeth ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Third Molar Agenesis ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Control

ABSTRACT Objectives: To investigate the association between third molar agenesis and pattern of impaction, missing teeth, and peg-shaped lateral incisor with palatal canine displacement (PDC). Materials and Methods: The pretreatment orthodontic orthopantomograms of 438 patients (122 males and 316 females) diagnosed with PDC were included. A total of 338 patients with normally erupted canines who had a preexisting radiograph as part of their orthodontic treatment (125 males and 313 females) served as controls. Orthopantomograms were evaluated for missing third molars, third molar eruption status, and type of impaction, third molar spaces, third molar width, and angulation. Results: In the PDC group, at least one third molar was missing in 48% and 19% in the upper and lower arches, respectively. Also, 38% and 67% of PDC patients had at least one third molar impaction in the upper and lower arches, respectively. The difference between the PDC and control groups was significant for both missing and impacted third molars (P &lt; .001 for each). The most common type of third molar impaction in the upper arch was vertical and distoangular in the PDC and control groups, respectively. Upper and lower third molar width and spaces were reduced in PDC patients when compared with the control group (P &lt; .001). In PDC patients, missing teeth and peg-shaped lateral incisors were recorded in 5.6% and 9.1%, respectively. Conclusions: PDC patients showed a high prevalence of third molar agenesis and impaction. Upper and lower third molar width and space were reduced in the PDC patients. There were no significant associations between tooth agenesis (other than third molars) and the PDC anomaly.

scholarly journals Third Molar Agenesis and Craniofacial Morphology

2009 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 473-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
María José Sánchez ◽  
Ascensión Vicente ◽  
Luis Alberto Bravo
Keyword(s):  
Third Molar ◽  
Craniofacial Morphology ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Third Molars ◽  
Discrimination Analysis ◽  
Third Molar Agenesis ◽  
Mandibular Plane ◽  
Wisdom Teeth ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Mandibular Third Molars

Abstract Objective: To test the null hypothesis that agenesis of wisdom teeth is not related with any particular craniofacial morphology. Materials and Methods: Ninety-seven patients (aged 13–19 years) were selected and divided into three groups: (1) bilateral agenesis of maxillary third molars, (2) bilateral agenesis of mandibular third molars, and (3) control group without agenesis. Presence or absence of third molars was determined using ortopantomographs. Cephalometric analysis was carried out from lateral teleradiographs, which included linear, angular, and proportional measurements. When data obtained were distributed normally it was analyzed by means of single-factor variance analysis and the Scheffé test (P &lt; .05). When data did not show normality, the Kruskal-Wallis test (P &lt; .05) and the Mann-Whitney test were applied using Bonferroni correction (P &lt; .017). Multivariance discrimination analysis was also carried out. Results: Values obtained for the mandibular plain of Groups 1 and 2 were significantly lower than those of the Control Group (P =.00 and P =.00, respectively). For Group 2 lower face height was significantly less than for the control group (P =.01), whilst the mandibular arch and the articular angle were significantly greater than in the Control Group (P =.000 and P = .02, respectively). Multivariance discrimination analysis obtained a correct classification in 58.8% of cases. Conclusion: The hypothesis is rejected. Agenesis of the maxillary third molars was related to a reduced mandibular plane angle. Patients with agenesis of the mandibular third molars showed a diminished lower third and a mandibular morphology characteristic of the brachyfacial pattern.

scholarly journals Agenesis of all third molars in two half siblings

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-18
Author(s):  
Jamie A Kaufer
Keyword(s):  
Autosomal Dominant ◽  
Third Molar ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Tooth Agenesis ◽  
Third Molars ◽  
Dental Anomalies ◽  
Dominant Inheritance ◽  
Case Discussion ◽  
Third Molar Agenesis ◽  
Genetic Pattern

Tooth agenesis is one of the most common dental anomalies and is influenced by factors including patient genetics. Although there are several specific genes associated with certain patterns of agenesis, there does not seem to be a genetic pattern identified to date that is associated with isolated complete third molar agenesis. This report presents two half-siblings who both express complete agenesis of third molars despite the fact that their shared parent does not express the same phenotype. The case discussion focuses on addressing the potential genetic possibilities including autosomal dominant inheritance and variable expressivity of a mutation.  There remains an uncertainty to the exact gene involved. Potential options include WNT10A and PAX9. The affected individuals are not needing extractions or experiencing complications due to the presence of third molars.  However, the concern remains that there is the potential for more severe expression of the mutation in future generations.

scholarly journals Relationship between Third Molar Agenesis and Other Dental Anomalies

2019 ◽  
Vol 07 (01) ◽  
pp. 023-027
Author(s):  
Stuti Gulati ◽  
Divya Singla ◽  
Sanjay Mittal ◽  
Mandeep Bhullar ◽  
Isha Aggarwal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Third Molar ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Third Molars ◽  
Dental Anomalies ◽  
Supernumerary Teeth ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Impacted Canines ◽  
The North ◽  
Third Molar Agenesis ◽  
Chi Square Test

Abstract Objective The purpose of this study was to find the prevalence of dental abnormalities in patients with third molar agenesis, and a comparison was made for the prevalence of those anomalies within the north Indian natives. Materials and Methods Pretreatment records of 518 patients were collected. Out of 518 patients whose records were analyzed, 472 patient records were selected on the basis of inclusion and exclusion standards. Panoramic radiographs and dental casts were analyzed in patients who had an absence of at least one third molar in which absence of any other tooth, presence of supernumerary teeth, presence of impacted canines, and peg-shaped lateral incisors were further assessed. The prevalence of these anomalies was compared with a randomly selected group of patients with presence of third molars that served as controls. Statistical analysis was done using the chi-square test (p < 0.05) and odds ratio. Results The incidence of third molar nondevelopment was found to be 19.2%. The presence of other anomalies was 39.5% in patients with third molar nondevelopment, and difference was statistically significant. The occurrence of impacted canines in patients with absence of third molars was 22%, and presence of third molars was 6.6%. The presence of other dental anomalies, that is, supernumerary teeth and tooth agenesis, was 7.7% in the agenesis group, which was also higher than that in the control group (3.3%) but was not statistically significant. The incidence of peg-shaped lateral incisors was similar in both the groups. Conclusion Impacted canines and total dental anomalies are more often related with absence of third molars than with the presence of third molars.

Effect of Preoperative Single Dose Dexamethasone Injection in Masseter Muscle on Postoperative Sequelae Following Lower Impacted Third Molar Surgery

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehrzad Moghadasi ◽  
Arash Golestaneh ◽  
Arash Ghodosi ◽  
Shayan Golestani
Keyword(s):  
Masseter Muscle ◽  
Third Molar ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Surgical Removal ◽  
Third Molars ◽  
Bony Tissue ◽  
Oral Aperture ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Facial Swelling

Introduction: The surgical removal of impacted lower third molars involves trauma to soft and bony tissue and can result in pain, swelling and trismus. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of dexamethasone, as a single 4 mg dose injected into the masseter muscle prior to extraction of impacted lower third molars on theses postoperative sequelae.   Materials & Methods: This prospective, randomized clinical research consisted of 43 healthy patients. The study group received 4 mg dexamethasone into the masseter muscle via intrabuccal approach immediately before starting the procedure while the control group received no corticoid. 7 days after surgery. Data were analyzed using t-test (α = 0.05).   Results: The patients administered dexamethasone showed superior results after surgery in terms of oral aperture, pain and all the facial swelling parameters, with statistically significant differences versus the controls (p value<0.001). Also there was statistically significant difference in terms of patients trismus between case and controlgroups (p value<0.001).   Conclusion: The results obtained showed that 4 mg of dexamethasone injected into the masseter muscle in the immediately before starting the procedure significantly reduces swelling, trism us and pain.  

scholarly journals The Retromolar Space and Wisdom Teeth in Humans: Reasons for Surgical Tooth Extraction

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abed El Kaseh ◽  
Maher Al Shayeb ◽  
Syed Kuduruthullah ◽  
Nadeem Gulrez
Keyword(s):  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Third Molar ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Third Molars ◽  
Facial Skeleton ◽  
Lower Jaw ◽  
Wisdom Teeth ◽  
Retromolar Region

Abstract Objective This article explores the problem of developing pathologies in the retromolar region. Findings can serve a framework for disease prevention and for the improvement of the quality of life of patients. The present study aims to justify the possibility of utilizing morphometric methods to foresee problems in the eruption of third molars. Materials and Methods A comprehensive morphometric study of the lower jaw and facial skeleton involves 100 skulls of Homo sapiens to identify the anatomical causes of problems with wisdom teeth eruption. All said skulls are divided in two groups: I: skulls with intact dentition; II: skulls with impacted third molars. Results This work allows detecting abnormalities in the eruption of the third molar with high probability of success. The abnormalities in point are considered not only those associated with the generally accepted parameters but also those that occur in the leptoprosopic face cases. Conclusions Face type and the structural features of the facial skeleton play a significant role in the abnormal eruption of the lower third molar.

scholarly journals Efficiency of gaseous ozone in reducing the development of dry socket following surgical third molar extraction

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (03) ◽  
pp. 381-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jehona Ahmedi ◽  
Enis Ahmedi ◽  
Osman Sejfija ◽  
Zana Agani ◽  
Vjosa Hamiti
Keyword(s):  
Recovery Period ◽  
Third Molar ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Third Molars ◽  
Dry Socket ◽  
Third Molar Extraction ◽  
Surgical Extraction ◽  
Prophylactic Use ◽  
Experimental Group

ABSTRACT Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of ozone gas (O3) on the reduction of dry socket (DS) occurrence following surgical extraction of lower jaw third molars, influence of the indication for the extraction, and the difficulty of extraction on the incidence of DS. Materials and Methods: This study included thirty patients with bilaterally impacted third molars of mandible requiring surgical procedure for extraction. Following extraction, in the control group, saline solution was used for irrigation of extraction sockets and in the experimental group, intra-alveolar O3 was applied for 12 s (Prozone, W and H, UK, Ltd.). The surgeries were performed by the same oral surgeon. The follow-up visits were performed at 48 h and on day seven, postsurgery where the symptoms of DS were evaluated and intensity of pain has been recorded using visual analog scale 0–100. Results: In this pilot study, DS was present in 16.67% and 3.33% of cases in the control and experimental groups, respectively (P = 0.20). Conclusion: The application of O3 may reduce the incidence of DS and accelerates the recovery period after the surgery. Prophylactic use of O3 may be suggested in all patients, especially in the patients at a risk of development of DS.

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