scholarly journals Hospitalizations for viral respiratory infections in children under 2 years of age: epidemiology and in-hospital complications

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessie Zurita-Cruz ◽  
Alejandro Gutierrez-Gonzalez ◽  
Leticia Manuel-Apolinar ◽  
José Esteban Fernández-Gárate ◽  
María Luisa Arellano-Flores ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Surgical Procedures ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
Viral Respiratory

Abstract Summary Background Viral respiratory infection (VRI) is a frequent cause of hospitalization in children under 24 months of age. Prematurity or heart disease histories may be risk factors for complications in patients hospitalized for VRI.Objective To describe the epidemiological data of pediatric patients 1 to 24 months of age who were hospitalized for VRI and identify risk factors for the presence of in-hospital complications over a period of 5 years.Methods This was a cross-sectional study. The database was compiled by doctors, electronically validated by engineers and analyzed by statisticians. Patients with VRI (based on International Classification of Diseases [ICD-10] codes B974, J12, J120-J129X, J168, J17, J171, J178, J20, J203-J209, J21, J210, J211, J218, J219, J22X, and J189) from 2013 to 2017 were registered. The patients were classified into 2 groups according to the absence or presence of a history of prematurity (P070, P072, P073), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) (P271) and congenital heart disease (CHD) (Q20-Q26). Length of hospital stay, in-hospital complications, surgical procedures and mortality were analyzed.Statistical analysis The prevalence of hospitalization for VRI was described. For comparisons between the groups, Student's t-tests and chi2 tests were applied. To identify the factors related to in-hospital complications and mortality, a logistic regression model was constructed.Results A total of 69,093 hospitalizations were reported. The average age of patients was 14.17 weeks. The number of hospitalization events in winter was the highest (38.9%), followed by autumn (27.3%). A total of 408 (0.59%) patients died. A total of 7,496 hospitalized patients with comorbidities were identified. Surgical procedures (OR = 16.66 & 16.64) and comorbidities (OR = 4.29 & 4.58) were risk factors for in-hospital complications and mortality.Conclusions The risk factors for morbidity and mortality in patients hospitalized for VRI were a history of prematurity, BPD and CHD, as well as some type of surgical procedure during hospitalization.

scholarly journals Hospitalizations for viral respiratory infections in children under 2 years of age: epidemiology and in-hospital complications

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessie Zurita-Cruz ◽  
Alejandro Gutierrez-Gonzalez ◽  
Leticia Manuel-Apolinar ◽  
José Esteban Fernández-Gárate ◽  
María Luisa Arellano-Flores ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Surgical Procedures ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
Viral Respiratory

Abstract Background Viral respiratory infection (VRI) is a frequent cause of hospitalization in children under 24 months of age. Prematurity or heart disease histories may be risk factors for complications in patients hospitalized for VRI.Objective To describe the epidemiological data of pediatric patients 1 to 24 months of age who were hospitalized for VRI and identify risk factors for the presence of in-hospital complications over a period of 5 years.Methods This was a cross-sectional study. The database was compiled by doctors, electronically validated by engineers and analyzed by statisticians. Patients with VRI (based on International Classification of Diseases [ICD-10] codes B974, J12, J120-J129X, J168, J17, J171, J178, J20, J203-J209, J21, J210, J211, J218, J219, J22X, and J189) from 2013 to 2017 were registered. The patients were classified into 2 groups according to the absence or presence of a history of prematurity (P070, P072, P073), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) (P271) and congenital heart disease (CHD) (Q20-Q26). Length of hospital stay, in-hospital complications, surgical procedures and mortality were analyzed.Statistical analysis The prevalence of hospitalization for VRI was described. For comparisons between the groups, Student's t-tests and chi 2 tests were applied. To identify the factors related to in-hospital complications and mortality, a logistic regression model was constructed.Results A total of 69,093 hospitalizations were reported. The average age of patients was 14.17 weeks. The number of hospitalization events in winter was the highest (38.9%), followed by autumn (27.3%). A total of 408 (0.59%) patients died. A total of 7,496 hospitalized patients with comorbidities were identified. Surgical procedures (OR = 16.66 & 16.64) and comorbidities (OR = 4.29 & 4.58) were risk factors for in-hospital complications and mortality.Conclusions The risk factors for morbidity and mortality in patients hospitalized for VRI were a history of prematurity, BPD and CHD, as well as some type of surgical procedure during hospitalization.

scholarly journals Hospitalizations for viral respiratory infections in children under 2 years of age: epidemiology and in-hospital complications

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessie Zurita-Cruz ◽  
Alejandro Gutierrez-Gonzalez ◽  
Leticia Manuel-Apolinar ◽  
José Esteban Fernández-Gárate ◽  
María Luisa Arellano-Flores ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Medical Procedure ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Invasive Medical Procedure ◽  
Viral Respiratory Infections ◽  
Complications And Mortality ◽  
Viral Respiratory

Abstract Background: Viral respiratory infections (VRIs) are a frequent cause of hospitalization in children under 24 months of age. A history of prematurity or heart disease may be a risk factor for complications in patients hospitalized for VRI. The objective was to describe epidemiological data for children hospitalized for IRV and aged 1 to 24 months and to identify risk factors for the presence of in-hospital complications and mortality over a period of 5 years. Methods : This was a cross-sectional study. Patients registered with VRI codes B974, J12, J120-J129X, J168, J17, J171, J178, J20, J203-J209, J21, J210, J211, J218, J219 (based on International Classification of Diseases [ICD-10]) from 2013 to 2017 were included. Three subanalyses were performed to compare (1) patients with pathological history (prematurity, bronchopulmonary dysplasia [BPD] and congenital heart disease [CHD]), (2) diagnoses (pneumonia, acute bronchitis, and acute bronchiolitis), and (3) admission to the pediatric intensive care unit. Days of hospital stay, in-hospital complications, invasive medical procedure and mortality were analyzed. Statistical analysis : VRI hospitalization prevalence was described. For comparison between groups, Student's t-test, ANOVA and the Chi2 test were applied. To identify factors related to days of hospital stay, in-hospital complications and mortality, a linear and logistic regression model was performed. Results: A total of 66,304 hospitalizations were reported. The average age was 14.7 weeks; hospitalization events were higher in winter (39%), followed by autumn (27.3%). A total of 371 (0.56%) patients died. A total of 7,068 (10.6%) hospitalized patients with pathological histories were identified. The presence of BPD (coefficient = 1.6), CHD (coefficient = 1.2), diagnosis of pneumonia (coefficient = 1.2), in-hospital complications (coefficient = 2.1) and invasive medical procedures (coefficient = 15.7) were the most common factors that increased the length of hospital stay. Risk factors for in-hospital complications and mortality were invasive medical procedure (OR = 3.3 & 11.7), BPD (OR=1.8 & 1.6), CHD (OR = 4.6 & 3.4) and diagnosis of pneumonia (OR= 1.8 & 4.2). Conclusions: Risk factors for morbidity and mortality in patients hospitalized for VRIs are BPD and CHD, diagnosis of pneumonia and invasive medical procedure.

scholarly journals Hospitalizations for viral respiratory infections in children under 2 years of age: epidemiology and in-hospital complications

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessie N. Zurita-Cruz ◽  
Alejandro Gutierrez-Gonzalez ◽  
Leticia Manuel-Apolinar ◽  
José Esteban Fernández-Gárate ◽  
María Luisa Arellano-Flores ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Medical Procedure ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Invasive Medical Procedure ◽  
Viral Respiratory Infections ◽  
Complications And Mortality ◽  
Viral Respiratory

Abstract Background Viral respiratory infections (VRIs) are a frequent cause of hospitalization in children under 24 months of age. A history of prematurity or heart disease may be a risk factor for complications in patients hospitalized for VRI. The objective was to describe epidemiological data for children hospitalized for IRV and aged 1 to 24 months and to identify risk factors for the presence of in-hospital complications and mortality over a period of 5 years. Methods This was a cross-sectional study. Patients registered with VRI codes B974, J12, J120-J129X, J168, J17, J171, J178, J20, J203-J209, J21, J210, J211, J218, J219 (based on International Classification of Diseases [ICD-10]) from 2013 to 2017 were included. Three subanalyses were performed to compare [1] patients with pathological history (prematurity, bronchopulmonary dysplasia [BPD] and congenital heart disease [CHD]), [2] diagnoses (pneumonia, acute bronchitis, and acute bronchiolitis), and [3] admission to the pediatric intensive care unit. Days of hospital stay, in-hospital complications, invasive medical procedure and mortality were analyzed. Statistical analysis: VRI hospitalization prevalence was described. For comparison between groups, Student’s t-test, ANOVA and the Chi2 test were applied. To identify factors related to days of hospital stay, in-hospital complications and mortality, a linear and logistic regression model was performed. Results A total of 66,304 hospitalizations were reported. The average age was 14.7 weeks; hospitalization events were higher in winter (39%), followed by autumn (27.3%). A total of 371 (0.56%) patients died. A total of 7068 (10.6%) hospitalized patients with pathological histories were identified. The presence of BPD (coefficient = 1.6), CHD (coefficient = 1.2), diagnosis of pneumonia (coefficient = 1.2), in-hospital complications (coefficient = 2.1) and invasive medical procedures (coefficient = 15.7) were the most common factors that increased the length of hospital stay. Risk factors for in-hospital complications and mortality were invasive medical procedure (OR = 3.3 & 11.7), BPD (OR = 1.8 & 1.6), CHD (OR = 4.6 & 3.4) and diagnosis of pneumonia (OR = 1.8 & 4.2). Conclusions Risk factors for morbidity and mortality in patients hospitalized for VRIs are BPD and CHD, diagnosis of pneumonia and invasive medical procedure.

scholarly journals Hospitalizations for viral respiratory infections in children under 2 years of age: epidemiology and in-hospital complications

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessie Zurita-Cruz ◽  
Alejandro Gutierrez-Gonzalez ◽  
Leticia Manuel-Apolinar ◽  
José Esteban Fernández-Gárate ◽  
María Luisa Arellano-Flores ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Medical Procedure ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Invasive Medical Procedure ◽  
Viral Respiratory Infections ◽  
Complications And Mortality ◽  
Viral Respiratory

Abstract Background: Viral respiratory infections (VRIs) are a frequent cause of hospitalization in children under 24 months of age. A history of prematurity or heart disease may be a risk factor for complications in patients hospitalized for VRI. The objective was to describe epidemiological data for children hospitalized for IRV and aged 1 to 24 months and to identify risk factors for the presence of in-hospital complications and mortality over a period of 5 years.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. Patients registered with VRI codes B974, J12, J120-J129X, J168, J17, J171, J178, J20, J203-J209, J21, J210, J211, J218, J219 (based on International Classification of Diseases [ICD-10]) from 2013 to 2017 were included. Three subanalyses were performed to compare (1) patients with pathological history (prematurity, bronchopulmonary dysplasia [BPD] and congenital heart disease [CHD]), (2) diagnoses (pneumonia, acute bronchitis, and acute bronchiolitis), and (3) admission to the pediatric intensive care unit. Days of hospital stay, in-hospital complications, invasive medical procedure and mortality were analyzed. Statistical analysis: VRI hospitalization prevalence was described. For comparison between groups, Student's t-test, ANOVA and the Chi2 test were applied. To identify factors related to days of hospital stay, in-hospital complications and mortality, a linear and logistic regression model was performed.Results: A total of 66,304 hospitalizations were reported. The average age was 14.7 weeks; hospitalization events were higher in winter (39%), followed by autumn (27.3%). A total of 371 (0.56%) patients died. A total of 7,068 (10.6%) hospitalized patients with pathological histories were identified. The presence of BPD (coefficient = 1.6), CHD (coefficient = 1.2), diagnosis of pneumonia (coefficient = 1.2), in-hospital complications (coefficient = 2.1) and invasive medical procedures (coefficient = 15.7) were the most common factors that increased the length of hospital stay. Risk factors for in-hospital complications and mortality were invasive medical procedure (OR = 3.3 & 11.7), BPD (OR=1.8 & 1.6), CHD (OR = 4.6 & 3.4) and diagnosis of pneumonia (OR= 1.8 & 4.2).Conclusions: Risk factors for morbidity and mortality in patients hospitalized for VRIs are BPD and CHD, diagnosis of pneumonia and invasive medical procedure.

scholarly journals Analysis of Sociodemographic and Clinical Factors Associated with Hospitalized Stroke Patients of Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
AM Hossain ◽  
NU Ahmed ◽  
M Rahman ◽  
MR Islam ◽  
G Sadhya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Ischaemic Heart Disease ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of

A hospital based cross sectional study was carried out to analyze prevalence of risk factors for stroke in hospitalized patient in a medical college hospital. 100 patients were chosen using purposive sampling technique. Highest incidence of stroke was between the 6th and 7th decade. Patients came from both urban (54%) and rural (46%) areas and most of them belong to the low-income group (47%). In occupational category; service holder (28%) and retired person (21%) were the highest groups. Most of the study subjects were literate (63%). CT scan study revealed that the incidence of ischaemic stroke was 61% and haemorrhagic stroke 39%. Analysis indicated hypertension as major risk factor for stroke (63%) and major portion of the patients (42.85%) were on irregular or no treatment. Twenty four percent of the patients had heart diseases and out of 24 patients 45.83% were suffering from ischaemic heart disease. The present study detected diabetes in 21% patients. Fifty three percent of the study subjects were smoker, 39% patients had habit of betelnut chewing. Out of 26 female patients, only 23% had history of using oral contraceptives. Majority of the patients were sedentary workers (46%). Thirty seven percent of the stroke patients were obese. Among the stroke patients 9% had previous history of stroke and 3% had TIA respectively. Most of the patients (21%) were awake while they suffered from stroke and the time of occurrence was mostly in the afternoon (46%). This study found that hypertension, cigarette smoking, ischaemic heart disease and diabetes mellitus are the major risk factors prevalent in our community while other risk factors demand further study. Key words: stroke; risk factors; hospitalized patients; Bangladesh. DOI: 10.3329/fmcj.v6i1.7405 Faridpur Med. Coll. J. 2011;6(1): 19-23

scholarly journals Risk factors of coronary heart disease in children and young adults with parental history of premature coronary heart disease

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Murti Andriastuti ◽  
Sudigdo Sastroasmoro ◽  
Agus Firmansyah
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Parental History ◽  
Passive Smoker ◽  
History Of ◽  
Children And Young Adults

Background Morbidity and mortality of coronary heart disease(CHD) are recently increasing. This is related to changes in lifestyle,such as lack of activity and high consumption of fatty diet. Themain cause of CHD is atherosclerosis. The development of ath-erosclerosis takes a long time, is asymptomatic, and might beginin childhood. The important risk factors that have roles in increas-ing the likelihood of atherosclerosis are family history of prematureCHD, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, obesity, smoking and irregu-lar activity.Objective The aim of this study was to find out the prevalence ofCHD risk factors in children and young adults who had parentalhistory of premature CHD.Methods This was a descriptive cross sectional study conductedon offspring of premature CHD patients who were admitted in theintensive cardiology care unit (ICCU) of Cipto MangunkusumoHospital between January 1999 to December 2001 and of prema-ture CHD patients who visited the Cardiology Clinic of the Depart-ment of Internal Medicine, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital duringMarch and April 2002. Subjects were aged 12 to 25 year-old.Results Among the subjects, 40% had hyperlipidemia, 8% hadhypertension, 11% were obese, 21% were active smokers, 41%were passive smokers, and 73% had irregular activity. Ninety-sevenpercents subjects had more than 1 risk factors.Conclusions The prevalence of hyperlipidemia, hypertension,obesity, passive smoker, active smoker and irregular activity inchildren and young adults with parental history of premature CHDin this study were higher than those in the normal population.Most had more than 1 risk factor, increasing the likelihood of CHD.A screening test should be performed on children with parentalhistory of premature CHD so that early preventive measures mightbe done to minimize the risk factors

scholarly journals Associated risk factors with seroprevalence of HIV and HBV co-infection among Pregnant women attending guelendeng health District in the Mayo-kebbi East Region of Chad

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 155-160
Author(s):  
Salomon Philippe Nguwoh
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Health District ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
East Region ◽  
History Of ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Background: In Republic of Chad, the seroprevalence of HIV among antenatal pregnant women is known as decreasing over years meanwhile the epidemiological data among pregnant women for hepatitis B virus are scarce. The co-infection HIV/HBV increases the risk of mother to child transmission of both viruses. This study aimed to determine the rate of HIV, HBV co-infection and to identify the associated risk factors among pregnant women attending Guelendeng health district (GHD). Methods: A cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted from March to May 2019 among pregnant women attending GHD. The questionnaire included demographics, AIDS and HBV knowledge, behavior factors and history of blood transfusion. Blood samples were obtained and tested serologically for HIV and HBV. The study of associations between exposure and outcome variables was sought with the odds ratio (OR), expressed with 95% confidence interval. Tests were performed using Epi info 7.0 with p<0.05 considered as significant. Results: Out of 200 enrolled pregnant women, the median age was 25years old with interquartile range from 20.5 to 30 years old. The seroprevalence of HIV, HBV and the co-infection HIV/HBV were 4.5% (95% CI: 2.1%-8.4%; 9/200), 13% (95% CI: 8.7%-18.5%; 26/200) and 2% (95 % IC: 0.6%-5%; 4/200) respectively. The antenatal age was associated to HBV infection (p=0.04) unlike HIV infection (p=0.4) and HIV/HBV co-infection (p=0.52). Women aged more than 29 years were most affected. Bivariate analysis identified that the non-use of condom (OR 7.79, 95% CI: 1.9-32.6, p=0.004) and blood transfusion history (OR 17.9, 95% CI: 2.6-124.8, p=0.01) were associated risk factors of contracting HIV. Conclusion: The seroprevalence of HIV and HBV remains high among pregnant women attending antenatal ward in Guelendeng Health District with associated risk factors such as age, blood transfusion and the non-use of condom with new sexual partners.

scholarly journals Epidemiological profile of postoperative digestive fistulas

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-88
Author(s):  
Bianca Marochi ◽  
Daniela Thaís Lorenzi Pereira ◽  
Luiza Manfroi Lattmann ◽  
Sthefany Mais ◽  
Arthur Nathan Luiz Ferreira Matos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Surgical Procedures ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Surgical Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Surgical Intensive Care ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Urgent Surgery ◽  
Epidemiological Profile

Background and objectives: Gastrointestinal fistulas are anomalous communications between the digestive system and other structures. This article presents the epidemiological profile of patients who developed postoperative abdominal fistulas and their outcomes. Methods: Cross-sectional study that evaluated surgical procedures done in a 25 week period that presented risks for fistulous formations. Were analyzed age, type of the surgery (elective or urgent), pre-existing risk factors, need for post-surgical intensive care unit, type of fistula, reoperations to the fistula treatment, and outcome (discharge or death). Results: There were 1785 abdominal surgical procedures, with a fistula incidence of 1.8%. Most of the patients who developed fistulas were over 60 years old (71.4%), and surgeries that resulted in fistulous complications were mainly urgent (75.0%), with the need for intensive care in 46.9%. The most frequent types of fistula were enteral (52.3%) and biliary (23.8%), and surgical treatment took place in 53.1% of cases. Late hospital discharge was predominant in these patients (40.6%), and the death rate was 3.1%. Discussion: These complications are common after abdominal surgery and require clinical attention. There is a correlation between the formation of the fistulas and urgent surgery procedures, directly impacting the length of hospital stay. Conclusion: The risk factors of fistula development are advanced age and the presence of malignant disease. They are more prevalent in urgent surgeries and patients were more likely to need reoperation and have a delay on discharge.

scholarly journals RISK FACTORS FOR HEPATITIS;

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (05) ◽  
pp. 661-666
Author(s):  
MUHAMMAD ASHRAF CHAUDHRY ◽  
BUSHRA GHULAM ◽  
LAILA KHALID ◽  
Marryam Shaheen Ahmed ◽  
Amnah -
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Surgical Procedures ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Large Reservoir ◽  
Different Types ◽  
History Of

Background: Infections with Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C virus (HCV) are worldwide public health problem. Thisis related to the continued occurrence of new infections and the presence of a large reservoir of chronically infected persons. Objective:To determine the frequency of risk factors (causes of transmission) for HBV and HCV infections in hospitalized patients of CMH, Lahoreand Sheikh Zayed hospital, Lahore. Design: Descriptive (cross sectional). Setting: The study was carried out in CMH, Lahore and SheikhZayed hospital, Lahore from January, 2012 to July, 2012. Methods: The patients were selected by consecutive (non-probability)sampling technique. The data was collected through questionnaire. Informed written consent was obtained SPSS version 16.0 was usedto calculate the descriptive statistics. Results: Out of total of 100 subjects, 50 were cases and 50 were controls. Out of 50 cases, 26%were HBV positive and 74% were HCV positive with female preponderance. The history of injections was very high in both the groups,making a total of 64% (14% HBV; 16% HCV) the important contributors for different types of hepatitis were blood transfusion (HBV =10%; HCV = 28%; controls = 14%). Surgical procedures (4% HBV, 28% HCV; 8% controls). History of piercing in the last six months(HBV = 6%; HCV = 22% and control = 8%). History of dental procedures in the last six months was higher in HCV patients (18% HCV and4% HBV). History of HBV or HCV positive patients or relatives at home. (HBV 18%; HCV 36%; control 30%). Conclusions: In Pakistan thereis an urgent need to raise the public awareness about importance of properly screened blood transfusion, use of disposable needles andusing new blades for shaving and haircuts especially at barber shops. In our study, the important contributors for different types ofhepatitis were blood transfusion, surgical procedures and history piercing in the last 6months.

Prevalence and Risk Factors for Subclinical Rheumatic Heart Disease Among Primary School Children in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: A Community Based Cross-Sectional Study.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parvina Kazahura ◽  
Theophylly L. Mushi ◽  
Pedro Pallangyo ◽  
Mohamed Janabi ◽  
Rodrick Kisenge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Primary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Dar Es Salaam ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
Rheumatic Heart

Abstract Background: Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is the most common acquired heart disease occurring in children and adolescents. RHD is associated with significant morbidity and mortality particularly in low and middle- income countries (LMICs) where the burden is estimated to be higher compared to high income countries. Subclinical RHD is the presence of valvular lesion diagnosed by echocardiography in a person with no clinical manifestation of RHD. This study aimed at determining the prevalence, types and factors associated with subclinical RHD among primary school children in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional, descriptive community-based study which recruited primary school children from February to May 2019. A standardized structured questionnaire was used to collect demographic data and information related to prior history of upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs). Anthropometric measurements were taken and chest auscultation and echocardiographic screening were done to all study participants. World Heart Federation echocardiographic classification was used to define the types and prevalence of subclinical RHD. Results: A total of 949 primary school children were enrolled with females being predominant (57.1%). The prevalence of subclinical RHD was 34 per 1000. All the participants had mitral valve disease only whereby 17 had definite disease and 15 had a borderline disease. The associated factors for subclinical RHD were older age of more than 9 years (OR 10.8, 95% CI 1.4-82.2, P=0.02) having three or more episodes of URTI in previous six months (OR 21, 95% CI 9.6-46, P=0.00) and poor hygiene (OR 3, 95% CI 1.3-6.8, P=0.009) Conclusion: Subclinical RHD as detected by echocardiographic screening is prevalent in primary school children, uniformly affects the mitral valve, and is associated with potentially modifiable risk factors. Children with a history of more than three episodes of URTI in six months may represent a particularly high-risk population that should be targeted for RHD.

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